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Realistic Basics
3D Space Animation Production

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Hello everyone, this is your instructor, Choi Ji-won

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In this session, we will cover 3D space animation production

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focusing on keying effects and the 3D camera tracker in After Effects

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FOr today's learning objectives, first we will use keying effects

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to remove the background of a moving subject

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and gain a deeper understanding of keying in After Effects

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Next, we will use the 3D camera tracker

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to composite and produce a 3D space animation

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to create a more refined and realistic animation

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Keying Effects in After Effects

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First, we will use keying effects to process an image

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Then, we will use the 3D camera tracker

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to create a scene

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Since this is a slightly advanced technique

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I will explain it as simply as possible

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and guide you through a simple practice exercise

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to help you better understand the process

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First, we need to prepare some materials for practice

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Let’s create a new composition

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Name it "Keying Practice"

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We have now created a composition

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Now, let’s import a file into this composition

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Press Ctrl + I to import

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Let’s start by practicing with this bird image

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Once you import it, in the Keying2 composition

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you will see the Keying2 PNG file of the bird

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We want to remove the background and keep only the bird

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To do this, we need to apply a specific effect

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Select the Keying PNG file and go to Effects & Presets

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I have already searched for it

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Type "key" in the search bar

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Once you type "key"

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you will see various keying effect options

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Among them, look for "Keylight (1.2)"

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Double-click on it

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You can either double-click it, drag it into the composition panel

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or drag it onto the file in the timeline to apply the effect

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Once applied, the Effect Controls panel

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will display various Keylight effect options

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Since we want to remove the background color

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we need to adjust the Screen Color

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Find the eyedropper tool, then click on it

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Your cursor will turn into an eyedropper

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Now, click on the background using the eyedropper

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The background will be removed

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After removing the background color,

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it’s a good idea to adjust the Screen Matte options in Keylight

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Scroll down and find "Screen Matte"

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Look for "Clip White" under Screen Matte

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Find Clip White and lower its value slightly

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I set mine to 90

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Next, find Screen Softness

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Increasing Screen Softness

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will make the edges of the image smoother

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By reducing brightness and adding softness

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the cut-out edges won’t stand out as much

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and will look more natural

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This method allows you to remove the background

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from JPG images and use only the subject

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However, if the background is too messy

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or if the subject’s color blends with the background

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it will be difficult to separate them

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So, when selecting an image

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make sure the background color isn’t too similar to the subject

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Checking this beforehand

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 will make your work easier

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Next, let’s try another method

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Go to Menu > Effect, then find Matte

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Under Matte, look for Simple Choker which is the 4th option

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Select it and apply it

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Once applied, it will appear in the Effect Controls panel

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You will see Simple Choker listed

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Change Choke Matte from 0 to 1

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Press Enter, and you’ll notice the edges become much cleaner

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This helps refine the edges nicely

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This prevents messy edges

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So, make sure to clean up the edges properly

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Now, we have successfully extracted an object using keying

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Let’s try it again. Press Ctrl + I

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This time, we’ll extract this leaf

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The background color is different this time

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This leaf has a clear contrast

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to make it easier to extract

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The process is the same, but let’s apply it again for practice

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Repeating the practice will help you memorize it

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Select this file for keying

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If Effects & Presets is already active,

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go to Effects & Presets and find Keylight (1.2)

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Instead of double-clicking, let’s drag it this time

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Dragging it will bring up the Effect Controls panel on the left

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In the Effect Controls panel

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what was the first thing we adjusted 
to remove the background?

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We adjusted Screen Color and used the eyedropper tool

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When we clicked the eyedropper, 
the cursor changed to a dropper

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Move to the Composition panel

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and click on the background color of the file

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What happened? The background disappeared

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However, the edges still look slightly unnatural

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Some white background remains, 
and the edges need refinement

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To refine this picture

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what did we do before?

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We went to the Effect menu

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Then, we selected Matte

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We clicked on the fourth option, Simple Choker

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As soon as we clicked, the Effect Controls panel

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displayed Simple Choker

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Which setting should we increase

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to smoothen the edges?

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It’s Choke Matte, which I’m hovering over now

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The Choke Matte value is currently 0, so I’ll set it to 1

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See how it smoothens more? 
Now, I’ll increase it to 3

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It looks even softer

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What if we set it to 10?

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The edges become even softer

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If you want to smoothen or soften the edges

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you can use higher values

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but I set mine to 30,

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and the edges completely disappear

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Instead of manually entering values

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hover over the number field

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and you’ll see left and right arrows

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Drag the arrows left or right

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until you find the best effect, then stop

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I stopped at 3.4 for a subtle effect

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By visually checking the edges

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you can set a more accurate value

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Now, we’ve successfully extracted the leaf using keying

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Since this is the second exercise, let’s try another technique

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In the Timeline panel, select the keyed layer

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Enable the 3D Layer icon

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Once 3D Layer is enabled

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you’ll see a marker in the Composition panel

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If there’s a marker in the Composition panel

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it means something has changed in the program panel

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When I open Transform under Effects, something looks different

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Now, the Rotation is divided into X, Y, and Z axes

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That’s the biggest change

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Let’s try moving the new Z-axis

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See how it moves this way

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The X-axis moves like this

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And the Y-axis moves this way

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By converting layers into 3D

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we can see that it creates spatial depth

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However, it still looks somewhat 2D-like

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Since we’ve set this up, let’s scale it down a bit

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I’m going to animate it

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I want the leaf to fall from right to left

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I want to create a falling effect

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First, I need to set the position to the right edge

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Let’s move it farther back

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Adjust it like this

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I set my Position values to (364.5, 114.5, 151)

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But I’ll move it a bit more

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I changed X to 418.5 and added a keyframe

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I’ll keyframe the rest as well

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I’ll set keyframes for X, Y, Z axes, and Rotation

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At 4 seconds, I’ll change the Position

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I’ll move it to the left edge

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I’ll also lower it slightly

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By adjusting it directly in the Composition panel

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you can visually create a natural motion

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Let’s preview just the position animation

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The leaf falls like this

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But what about the texture of the leaf?

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It’s not stiff, right?

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So, having it fall like a paper plane

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feels a bit unnatural, so

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I think it needs rotation adjustments mid-fall

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So, at about one-third of the way down

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place the indicater there

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Let’s make some changes

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Adjust it slightly, then preview the motion

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While it’s moving, tweak the X, Y, and Z axes

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How does it look after adjusting them?

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It now looks like it’s moving through space while falling

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Next, since we’ve adjusted the 1/3 point,

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let’s make another adjustment at 2/3 of the way down

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The position should continue falling naturally

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Let’s lower the Y-axis slightly

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Next, let’s adjust the rotation

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I’ll rotate it more significantly
Try experimenting with this

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It looks like the wind is blowing, right?

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Let’s leave it to fall like this

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Now, we need to fine-tune the final motion

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If it just falls at an angle, it will look unnatural

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To enhance the falling effect

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let’s tilt it to reveal more of the top surface

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Try adjusting it in different directions

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This will help you understand how to create realistic depth

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You’ll need to develop this sense through practice

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The only way is to keep experimenting

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I’ll make more adjustments and lower the position

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This is how I adjusted mine

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Let’s review it again

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It falls, spins, and lands like this

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It still looks a bit artificial

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It’s quite artificial, but we tried to

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make 3D spatial changes

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and created this motion

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Adding a blur effect should make it more realistic

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So I’ve applied some blur

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How can we make this even more natural?

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Using the Puppet Pin Tool could help

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I’ll add only two pins

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I placed two pins, and now the Puppet tool is active

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With the pins placed

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we divided the motion into thirds, 
so let’s add a small shake at 1/3

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Then, another shake at 2/3 of the way down

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Finally, a shake at the end

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This is how I added the motion, let's take a look

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I didn’t overcomplicate the effect

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so I didn’t animate the whole leaf

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As it falls, the stem weakens

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causing it to bend while falling

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What do you think?

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The 3D concept isn’t just about creating space

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but also about how objects move within that space

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So if we want to place an object in space

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integrate it into the environment

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and give it motion

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we can use keying techniques

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to make objects blend naturally

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On top of that, by enabling the 3D Layer option

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we can use the X, Y, and Z axes for rotation

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to enhance realism

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We also need to fine-tune 
the Position across X, Y, and Z axes

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to make it precise

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Depending on the texture and weight of the object

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we can use the Puppet Pin Tool appropriately

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to add realistic deformation to the movement

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This helps enhance the animation’s realism

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So, 3D animation in After Effects

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is not as complex and dynamic as Unity or Unreal Engine

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but it focuses on animating 2D graphics

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and transforming them into illustrative motion graphics

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This approach has its own unique appeal

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So, practicing these techniques

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based on your interests would be helpful

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3D Camera Tracker

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Now that we’ve learned how to convert objects into 3D

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let’s create one more

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We’ll be applying 3D Camera Tracking to a scene

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Press Ctrl + N and name it "3D Camera Tracker Practice"

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Create a new composition

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Next, let’s import a file

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Press Ctrl + I and import the Still Life file

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Import the Still Life file

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Once imported, let’s play the footage

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There are objects on a table

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and the camera zooms in and out

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It’s a short clip of the camera moving closer and farther

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We’ll be adding tracking functionality to this video

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First, right-click on the Still Life.mov file

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Right click and select Pre-compose

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Name it "Still Life.mov Comp 1"

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Make sure to check "Move all attributes into the new composition"

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Check this box

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Follow these steps and click OK to create the new composition

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This will create a new composition

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Now, let’s go back to the main composition

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where the pre-composed file is located

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Once you’re here

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we’ll return to the Effects panel

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Earlier, we used "Key" effects

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but this time, search for "3D Camera Tracker"

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You’ll see one result appear

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It will show up under Perspective in 3D Camera Tracker

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Double-click to apply it

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If nothing happens, what could be the issue?

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If the file isn’t selected in the timeline panel

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the effect won’t apply

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Click on the file and double-click the effect

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A message "Analyzing in background" will appear

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This is Step 1 of 2

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It is analyzing the background

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This will take some time

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The blue progress bar indicates the analysis process

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Once it’s done, what appears?

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You’ll see dots in the scene

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These dots represent automatically detected spatial data

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Usually, we select about three points to use

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Let’s select three clearly defined points

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We’ll pick around three points

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Don’t just click randomly

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Hold Shift and select three tracking points

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Make sure the angle isn’t too tilted

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It’s best if they form a flat surface

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Once you’ve selected them, right-click

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and you’ll see "Create Null and Camera"

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Select this option

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Now that we’ve created a Null and Camera

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select Track Null 1 and review it

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When you select Track Null, it follows the movement

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The object we selected

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is being tracked accurately by the camera

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You can see it tracking properly

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You guys should check your screen too

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and make sure the camera is following correctly

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The camera tracking is working smoothly

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Let’s composite the object we created earlier

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We’ll copy and bring in the keyed object

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The object appears too large

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The leaf isn’t fully visible on the screen

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For now, don’t worry about the starting position

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Go to Transform and adjust the scale

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We’ll increase the size

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Let’s scale it up

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Now, let’s push it further into the distance

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Change it like this

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I wanted to create an animation of it falling from afar

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but it’s starting to look somewhat surreal

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I placed a 2D object into a realistic space

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to see how it integrates into a 3D environment

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The 3D object moves independently

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and the 3D background also moves separately

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giving a true sense of spatial depth as it falls

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After falling, it lands softly on the desk

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blending into the still-life composition

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But using just one object feels a bit plain, so let’s add another one

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Just like before, let’s take the keyed objects

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and duplicate them with Ctrl + C, V

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This time, let’s make one float lower in the frame

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You can adjust the position in Transform

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but I’ll do it directly in the composition panel

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Feel free to adjust the placement based on your judgment

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Try adjusting it

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From here on, the way you structure the scene

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will define the narrative of the video

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Right now, both elements appear at the same time

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so maybe I should alter the trajectory a bit

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However, if the motion is too identical

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I’ll slightly adjust the rotation of the second object

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to make it different

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We shouldn’t randomly alter motion without purpose

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So let’s carefully adjust scale, position, and rotation

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We adjusted these at the 1/3 and 2/3 points earlier,

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so let’s check how it looks now

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See? Changing the rotation slightly

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just at one keyframe along X, Y, and Z

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already makes the motion feel more organic

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Let’s adjust the speed too

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How do we change speed

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By shifting the keyframes slightly backward

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This creates a subtle speed difference between the two leaves

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For the last leaf, I’ll also make a small adjustment

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It will look more natural if it falls at a different angle

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Let’s move its position upward

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What if they overlap slightly?

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Let’s try it this way

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Now, we have a refined animation

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Close the panels

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We’ve used 3D camera tracking

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to center the camera around the objects

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We then brought in a 2D object

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converted it into a 3D layer, and added motion

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If you practice this with your own footage and PNG files

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it will help you remember better

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In this session, we used the keying effect

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to remove backgrounds from objects

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and utilized 3D Camera Tracker

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to composite and animate a 3D environment

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We realized that After Effects can be used

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to create realistic 3D environments

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more effectively than expected

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Let’s review today’s lesson as we wrap up

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Thank you!

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Using Keying in After Effects

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Softening Object Edges

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Insert the desired image, then double-click to open it
In Effects & Presets, click on Keylight (1.2)

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In Keylight, click on Screen Colour’s eyedropper tool
and select the image background

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In Screen Matte, adjust Clip White and Screen Softness values 
to create smooth edges

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Go to Menu - Effect - Matte - Simple Choker, 
then set Choke Matte to 1 to refine the outline

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Creating Depth and Space
Convert the layer to a 3D layer, enabling X, Y, and Z axes

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Enable Position, X, Y, and Z axes
modify the values to add movement

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Adjust the X, Y, and Z axes values 
at midpoint and endpoint to create depth

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Apply blur effects and use Puppet Tool for natural motion

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3D Camera Tracker

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Applying Tracking Function

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Import the desired file, 
right-click on it and select Pre-compose

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Search for 3D Camera Tracker in Effects & Presets

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The tool will generate multiple tracking points on the video
Hold Shift and select three tracking points

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Right-click and select Create Null and Camera

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Choose Track Null 1 to see how 
the camera follows the tracked object

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Placing a 2D Object in 3D Space

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Copy and import a keyed object into the scene

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Adjust the Transform - Scale value
Modify the positioning and movement axes of the 2D object within the 3D space