Realistic basics Video format and rendering
Hello this is Jiwon Choi
In this lecture, we will learn about video format
and rendering
Today's learning content is first, in After Effects
video format and composition which you can find in
the rendering settings screen
We will learn what that means
Second, we will practice two different ways of rendering
and learn how to extract files
Video Formats and Composition
Before we start practicing rendering,
we will learn about video formats
You should have basic knowledge about video formats
to extract with some understanding of
the terms that appear when rendering
If you look at the table, you can see that the video formats are structured
First, you can think of a video as being divided into video and audio
Here in video, video resolution
I think you'd have heard it a lot
Aspect ratio, refresh rate, and scanning method
and there is video codec
And for audio, there is sample rate and audio codec
The number of quantization bits, like this
Focusing on the parts I marked in yellow
we will proceed the lecture
First, in the aspect ratio, pixel ratio, storage aspect ratio
and playback screen ratio It is divided like this
Video codecs have color spaces, color depths,
and frame structure, like this
A term you've probably heard a lot is
Resolution, screen ratio, and video codec, about that much
When communicating while working
You should know these three concepts
for communication to become possible
So let's take a closer look at this
If you look at the next page, you can see the resolution
Resolution tells how many points on the width and height it consists of
of the image
The screen ratio varies depending on the display specifications
Next, the aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the width to the height
The standard for video is HD
You heard a lot about HD displays right?
It's an abbreviation for High Definition
As the standard for video changes to HD,
It is organized in a wide screen ratio represented by 16:9
HD and 16:9 ratio
Because most computers use square pixels
Horizontal resolution: Vertical resolution = Aspect ratio is established
In the case of videos, rectangular pixels
in which the width and height are different are also used
so it may not be the same
Please be aware that it may not be the same
Next are frame rate and scanning method
Frame rate is the refresh rate
Or it is also called scan rate
Frame rate refers to the number of still images displayed per second
The images are linked to have movement
A single still image is called a frame
fps This will also come out when rendering
We use a unit called Frame Per Second
So frames per second would be fps
So literally the number of still images shown per second
The frame rate is what tells you what that is like
I hope you get familiar with this concept as well
Like broadcasts in Korea, the US, and Japan
Regions that use NTSC as their standard
Use 29.97 fps
What does NTSC stand for here?
National Television System Committee
It is an analog color television color encoding method
It is an analog color television color encoding method Established by the Federal Communications Commission of the United States
So, the standard value centered on the US Federal Communications Commission
is adopted in Korea as well
You must have seen it a lot
29.97fps When you turn rendering on
The default value on the settings screen is most of the time 29.97
Usually, I proceed with almost all of the work like this
About why this number came out
I've just given you some background information
And instead of frame rate
Hertz, which means repetitions per second
Sometimes it is expressed using hertz as a unit
The meaning of images per second is the same
So the relationship between frame rate and hertz
You should keep this in mind
Next is video codec
This is a very general and important concept: video codec
What does this mean?
Rules for storing and playing videos
Depending on the type of video codec
Available color spaces and color depths
and the compression technology becomes limited
Then what will happen?
It has a significant impact on video quality
Because the standards are very diverse and there are many promises
According to those various rules
You can make a choice on which color space, color depth,
and compression technique to use
So what kind of video quality will I choose
Depending on what spec codec you are going to use,
You can make the decision
It is the default value when working, most of the time
There is a value that is set
But it would be better to know some background information
When you export, the export module settings page will appear like this
Here is the basic options section, format, post-rendering action
Channels, depth, and color in video output values
There is a box to select these
So, let's go over some of this stuff
First, let's get a grasp of the concept of color properties
It would be good to know about RGB
Rather than thinking that RGB is just a color value,
Why does it come out like that
And in After Effects
how this color value is expressed
It will be much more helpful at a basic level
So let's find out
First of all, color has three properties
Hue, Saturation, Lightness
These three are indicated
These are the three things that we will mainly deal with
Hue is a color in its purest sense, excluding brightness and clarity
It's talking about the real color
And saturation is the vividness of a color
It is also called color intensity
I guess it would be correct to say that it is the degree of vividness of the color
Then, the lightness refers to the relative brightness difference of pure white
under the same lighting conditions
It doesn't just mean brightness
Because brightness varies
depending on different conditions
Setting a standard
It means the relative brightness difference
with this standard of pure white
I think you could understand the concept like this
Actually, when we do color correction and other work like that,
Hue, Saturation, Lightness, these three
We will cover this a lot
Next is the color space
There are color spaces and color systems like this
Color Space, Color System, like this
Based on the characteristics of the three elements of color
It represents color in spatial coordinates
Arrange hues in a circular manner around one central axis
Place changes in lightness in the vertical direction
Using the horizontal distance from the central axis
Express saturation changes
If you look at it, you can see the hue, lightness, and saturation
These three are represented in spatial coordinates
That is Color space in After Effects
So, among the many color space concepts,
RGB is a representative example
RGB, which we are most familiar with
This is the most basic color space
It is a method of expressing color by using the characteristics of light
What colors are they?
Red, green, blue, so RGB
When each of these three primary colors reaches its maximum value, white is created
The term RGB is created by combining the first letters of the three primary colors
sRGB (standard RGB), Adobe RGB
are the most popular and widely used
So the concept of RGB is the most basic color space
which used the properties of light
It is an acronym for Red, Green, and Blue
Let's keep that in mind and move on
Then there is also Ycc, a color space that is widely used in videos
A color space in which signal processing is performed
with the brightness value (Luma) to which the human eye is sensitive
and color values ​​that react relatively less sensitively separated
So, we use different data densities for luma values ​​and chrominace values
to effectively compress the video signal size
It's that kind of color space
I think you could keep this in mind for reference
You've heard a lot about CMYK, right?
Color space in print media
CMYK is cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
It consists of four colors like this
It was created by taking the first letters C, M, Y, and K from Black
CMYK is an abbreviation
Using ink or toner
It is mainly used as a color space for printing media
It's different from RGB
Unlike RGB, the more colors you mix, the darker it gets
It is a subtractive mixing method
So InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop
When printing such works
It is converted to CMYK
Then there are other things
There are HIS, HSV, HSB, HSL, etc.
They are color spaces created by taking into account human time perception characteristics
They are mainly used for image processing
Here, H stands for Hue and S stands for Saturation
I is Intensity, V is Value
B stands for Brightness, L stands for Lightness
It is a color space that places pure colors with the maximum concentration
on a plane like maximum brightness, pure white
HSL is a color space
that places pure colors with maximum color density at 50% brightness
Please keep this in mind for reference
Then, we have learned the basic knowledge about the color part,
This time, we're going to learn the basics of audio
The audio part, when exporting
There are some parts to choose from, so let's take a look
Audio, in digital video,
The most commonly used 16-bit 48KHz audio is
the sound signal that expresses sounds in the range of up to 96 dB
at 48,000 times per second by sampling with precision broken down
into 65,536 steps
Because 16-bit audio can express 0 to 96 dB,
It satisfies most of the range of human perception
So for a long time
It has been used as a digital audio standard
The average person can hear up to about 110 dB
The sound that can be heard comfortably is 0~90dB
So usually by default it's 16-bit audio
It's set to default value
So 16 bit is the most commonly used nowadays
16 bit
So you can work almost identically in 16 bits
Next, the container is a wrapper format
is a meta information format
that allows the worker or computer to make judgments
on what the format of the given data is
and which program will be linked and run
There are file extensions and file formats depending on the type of container
The container format is
a specification sheet of
in what structure is it stored
and so how to use it
It's a big concept
So it's similar to video, audio codec, video format
but they are not the same concept
So what types of audio containers are there?
As you can guess, there is MP3
There is WMA
There are more, but let's start from this page
It is the most representative lossy compression audio codec
The audio container used by MP3, which we often use
The codec and container name are the same
And below is WMA
It's an abbreviation for Windows Media Audio
Developed by Microsoft
An audio container for the WMA audio codec of the same name
It shows higher compression efficiency than MP3, but
Usage is decreasing due to compatibility issues
Also, AIF, AIFF, etc.
There is Audio Interchange File Format
This is a macOS based audio container
It uses uncompressed mode or
Sometimes compression methods are used
It's almost identical to WAV
Next, WAV is a waveform audio format
It is a container for PCM audio
Just keep this as a side note
What types of image containers are there?
Image containers are representative of AI
Used in Adobe Illustrator,
a vector drawing software,
It is a file container for storing vector images
So, for a representative example
of image container, think of AI
Then there's AVIF
AVIF is an AVI-based Image Format
It is published by the Alliance for Open Media
which developed the AVI video codec
As a container for bitmap images
This is a format saving intra frame of AVI
with about 30% higher
compression efficiency than HEVC as an independent image file
Then there's BMP too
BMP was developed by Microsoft
It is a lossless bitmap image file container
It is mainly used on Windows systems
The compression efficiency is not relatively high
The capacity is very large compared to the image size
Conversely, compatibility is highest
There are many types of image containers
You're very familiar with JPG, right?
JPG, JPEG, JPE, JFIF, etc., which we all use
is a bitmap image file container
based on lossy compression currently used in the most fields
Then HEIF, HEIC
Developed with the goal of replacing JPEG,
it is a bitmap image file container
It is the abbreviation for High Efficiency Image File
High Efficiency Image File Format
In addition, there are many others such as PNG, GIF, PSD, TIF, etc.
I just want you to be able to
classify the terms you are familiar with
into which types they are
You don't have to memorize everything
Next are bitmap images and vector images
First, I put this in the middle
I included it because you have to think about it with a clear distinction
Bitmap images and vector images
First of all, what is a bitmap image?
It is a way of forming and storing images
Through an array of pixel data
If you enlarge it beyond its original size,
Aliasing occurs on curves and diagonals
The image looks broken
Just understand the phenomenon If you enlarge it, it will break
Because it was done through an array of pixel data
On the other hand, vector images are in a way of forming and storing images
using mathematical vector coordinates
Because it is relative coordinate data based on mathematical calculations
The image does not break when zoomed in or out
So when working with AI, when working with illustrations,
Be sure to convert it to a vector image at the end
This is to prevent it from breaking
If you vectorize fonts and texts like this,
it won't break no matter how much you enlarge it
Please be aware of the distinction between images
Because it's a concept that you can definitely use later
Please be sure to know this as background knowledge
Next is the type of video container
Finally here at video containers
Many people use AVI (Audio Video Interleave), right?
A container format for videos on Windows
Various combinations of
video codecs and audio codecs can be used
Then, MP4 and MOV are used a lot
There are MPG, RM, and WMV
I think what we usually use are MP4, MOV, AVI
Please note these
Next is video codec and compression
Let's go over the concept of the term codec
I think that would be great
Codec is a compound word made up of the initials of coder and decoder
It is the rules for converting
signal in analog form to digital format to store and play back
It can be said that it's a good codec
If it maintains similar quality to the original with little data lost
Even though the capacity is reduced
If the capacity is too large for you to save it,
It takes up all the space on your computer and slows it down
So if you use a codec
According to its type, specifications, rules
If we can maintain similar quality
to the original,
it can be said to be a good codec
Let's see, now we're finally up here
In the settings section when we render
We looked at video output color and audio
And now let's look at the format
Among the video codecs, H.264
It usually has that as default
Let's learn about this video codec It's important
H.264 is used in almost all services and products
Compared to existing video compression technologies,
it has very high compression efficiency
So most of the time H.264 is used
It is the most used
The minimum resolution supported by H.264 is 128 x 96
The maximum resolution is 8192 x 4320
What happens as the resolution gets higher?
The compression efficiency will decrease
So H.264 is the most widely used now
and the compression function is good
Next, I'd like to introduce another thing
It is the video codec HEVC
It has twice the compression efficiency compared to H.264
But why isn't it used to the fullest?
Encoding complexity is 5 times higher than H.264
Decoding complexity is double
So it requires very high spec hardware
and requires a long working time
Next is video format
When doing or using any work with video
For the purpose of ensuring compatibility
Each organization has set detailed standards
VTR stands for video tape recorder
Tapeless is a storage medium that uses
electronic storage media
There are VCD, DVD, HD-DVD, and AVCHD
As a representative example, regarding the video format specifications,
You can think of VTR and tapeless
Understanding and practicing rendering
So for rendering
We looked at some simple knowledge
About basic video formats
Let's see how to extract
directly from After Effects
In the file I gave you,
You can open the After Effects file for this lecture
Let's extract the fourth composition from here
I'm going to try extracting Happy New Year
How to extract, actually, I told you the shortcut key in the first lecture
I don't know if you remember, but
If you work on an animation in After Effects and then save it as is,
If you do File - Save As like this, it will have the AEP extension
It is saved as an After Effects project file
AEP files are not a video format
It is a project file format
It is something that you will need later when you rework or do something else
The AEP file itself cannot be played
in any video player program
So, to play it as a video,
After saving the AEP file
You need to convert it to a video file by rendering it
There are two ways
Go to File in the menu bar and select Export
Add to Adobe Media Encoder Queue
and Add to Render Queue
Another approach is
Go to Composition in the menu bar
I will extract the composition
Add to Adobe Media Encoder Queue
and Add to Render Queue
The shortcuts are Ctrl + Alt + M, and Ctrl + M
Ctrl + M means it will render in After Effects
Ctrl + Alt + M is what you'll do in Media Encoder
Let's start with the first Render Queue
If you click on it, the rendering queue will appear like this
Numbers 1 and 2 are traces of what was done in the past
The one at the bottom is probably the most recent one
So, the activation is in blue
If you click on Render Settings, if you click on the blue part
Quality, Resolution, Time Sampling
It comes out like this
Basically, just press OK
What are you going to do with the Output Module? I'll try pressing this too
If you look at it, you are familiar with H.264, right?
I showed you this screen just before
The format will be H.264
And we're going to do it in RGB and the audio is going to be 16 bit
And press OK
But the render is not activated, because
Output To: Where will the output be placed?
It says "Not yet specified"
If you click here, I'll put it on my desktop
Then, if you press save on the desktop, it will now be activated
So, if you do this and press Render,
It ends after showing what happens to Current Render
When that's done, I saved it on my desktop so I'll take a look
It was saved on the desktop like this
I'll double click to open it
If you open it, it all comes out
But when it starts playing, the back part becomes black
I only did this upto 2 seconds
It was extracted upto 13 seconds
I'll try to solve this How am I going to solve it?
This time, we will render using Media Encoder
I'll try to solve it
First, while clicking on the composition you want to render
You can load it by pressing Ctrl + Alt + M
What are you loading?
Download and load the Adobe Media Encoder app
If you downloaded it in advance, it will be activated
The queue is the same
The form is divided into a little more detail
Then in this queue
What I did earlier is marked as completed here
And because I pressed it again to do it
It says "preparation" at the very end
At this point, if it is ready, just press the play button
I'll check it once and go
Is it H 264?
Yes, it will be in H.264 format
And the preset is called Match Source
It says to do it at High Bitrate
If you want to change the output name, click
You can change the output name and save location
And export video, export audio
Please check together
Usually I use maximum rendering quality
What was the problem earlier?
You can preview it here
If you drag the indicator like this,
I picked too long of a time zone earlier
So I want to stop before the screen turns off
So, please adjust the output range to 2 seconds, 16 frames
When I play it back, it only comes up to here
So, in this way, in a preview like this
Please check to make sure you are not extracting
too much or too little
Please note that the length is adjustable
I'll press confirm Then the customization is confirmed
Now the save location has been checked again
If you are ready, just press it now
It was so short and it was done right away
It should have shown that the encoding is happening here
It became very short
I said I would save it on local disk C
So here it is
If you look, the duration is 2 seconds
I got it new as I specified
There are two ways to render like this
Add to the render queue directly from the AEP file
Or you can pass it to Media Encoder for detailed adjustments
There are two ways
You can try it out by practicing
In this lecture we looked at video formats and
its composition
Then also through rendering in After Effects
we learned about two methods
of extracting completed work
As much as creating motion graphics
Understanding the format of that file and
The process of extraction according to the standard
is very important
Then, let's wrap up by summarizing what we learned in this lecture
Thank you
Video Formats and Composition
Video Resolution: The number of dots that make up the width and height of the image
Aspect ratio: the ratio of the length of the width to the height
As the standard for video transitions to HD, it is based on a wide screen represented by 16:9
Frame rate Tells how many still images are shown per second
Korea uses NTSC standard 29.97fps
Video codec: The rules that govern the storage and playback of video There are various types of codecs
You can choose color space, color depth, and compression technology depending on the desired video quality
H.264 is the most widely used format with high compression efficiency
Audio: 16-bit 48KHz audio, the most commonly used in digital video today
16-bit audio can express 0 to 96 dB, satisfying most of the range that humans can perceive
Container A meta-information format that allows workers or computers to make judgments
Container Type: File Extension, File Format
Audio container type: MP3, WMA, etc.
Image container types: AI, AVIF, BMP, JPG, JPEG, JPE, JFIF, HEIF, HEIC, PNG, GIF, PSD, TIF, etc.
Video container type: MP4, AVI, MOV, etc.
Video format: Detailed specifications established by various organizations to ensure video compatibility
VTR, tapeless are representative examples
Understanding and practicing rendering
Convert AEP extension files to render for video playback
Rendering method
Add to Render Queue: Render in After Effects
Add to Media Encoder Queue: Render in Media Encoder
More detailed operations possible with Add to Render Queue