WEBVTT

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Animation Basics
Rigging Basic 1

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Hello

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This is Park Joo-Yeong, and I am teaching you about the basics of 3D animation

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This time, you will learn about rigging

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Rigging is the process of creating the skeleton
of a character or object

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in order to allow them to move

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A skeleton allows the animator

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to control the character

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So rigging is like setting up controller of sorts

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In other words

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you are preparing to put the character in motion

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In Maya, you first create a skeleton within the character model

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then connect the two

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to become able to apply movements

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The connecting process is called binding

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The controller

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also has to be intuitive

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in order for the animator to easily utilize it

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Through this lesson

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you will understand the basic concept of rigging

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and some important techniques

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I will help you learn

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how to bring your characters to life

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Now, let's turn on Maya

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Creating a Basic Skeleton

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Today we will create

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a skeleton rig

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that can make a character move

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Maya uses both the terms

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'joint' and 'skeleton'

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First, let's take out

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the teddy bear we created before

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To make this teddy bear move

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we are going to give it joints

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in the arms, hips, legs, and head

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And also the tail

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To create a skeleton

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first view the model from the front

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And set the menu to the Rigging menu set

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Now the menu bar should show the Skeleton option

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Click Skeleton-Create Joints

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and click anywhere on the workspace

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This rig is too big

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It should have a radius of about 0.1

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This single joint

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is going to be the root joint

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and be placed in the model's center

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I'll set this as the root

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Even though the joint radius is 0.1

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it's still too big

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I made the teddy bear

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way too small

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In Maya, a side on this cube

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is the size of a single square on the grid

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which is 1 square centimeter

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So this teddy bear is about one cubic centimeter large

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Let's scale it up

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to 20 times the size

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What I just did is I scaled this bear up by 20 times

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and froze the transformation

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The Freeze Transformation tool

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can also be found in the Channel Box

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Right click, select Freeze

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And you can choose from Translate, Rotate, and Scale

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Right now I'm going to click All

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and the transformation is frozen

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like this

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But now the teddy's arm

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has turned black

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This has happened

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because I mirrored the limbs by setting Scale X to -1

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Right now it's fine

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but freezing it turns the model inside out

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So you have to select these

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and select Modeling-Mesh Display Reverse

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All of these planes have a front and a back

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So the front side is white, and the back side is black

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If you put a texture on, the front side will be textured

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but the back side will still be black

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If I select Mesh Display Reverse

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the polygon looks weird

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even with Smooth Mesh Preview on

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Back to the model

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Now the rig looks small enough

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Make sure the root is at the model's center

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Now copy & paste the rig

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to the center

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of the character's waist

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Until now, I have copied

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using Edit-Duplicate

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but the keyboard shortcut is Ctrl+D

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Now, if I press 4

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you can see the rig that's inside the model

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If you press 5 or 6, it will become invisible

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You can click the X-ray joints button

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to make joints always invisible

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Also, normally joints

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should be placed on the model's wires

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But the wires are only visible right now if you press 4

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So if you look here

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next to the View tab

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in Shading

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there is an option called Wireframe on Shaded

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Press this

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Now paste another rig

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There's a rig on the waist

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and press Ctrl+D

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to paste another one on the neck

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Now take 'root1' in the Overview

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and make it a child joint of 'root'

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and 'root2' will be a child joint of 'root1'

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I'm going to change root1's name to spine

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and change root2 to neck

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This is the teddy bear's spine, sort of

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It looks like this

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And now

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we're going to make the limbs

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Let's change to the Rigging menu set

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and select Skeleton-Create Joints again

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There will be two bones each

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let's start from the arms

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Select the points

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where you think joints should be

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Make sure to change the axis orientation

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from world to object

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The upper joint

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will be arm1_Left

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and the lower one arm2_Left

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The last will of course be arm3_Left

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The arms should be symmetrical

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So press Ctrl+D to copy a joint

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then press Ctrl+G

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and set Scale X to -1

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But

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actually it's better

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to just make one from scratch

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Click Create Joint

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Select the group of joints we just made

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and click Isolate Select

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and you can see the joints

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Click the new joint while pressing V

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This function is called point snap or vertex snap

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The new joint

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will snap to the joint axis

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How do you do that again?

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Press and hold V

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and click on the joint with the mouse wheel

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Press Ctrl+G

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and just like before

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add it as a child joint

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Unlike when I created the other arm

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the axis orientation is set to world

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If you look closely, this joint

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has its wires aligned with the bone

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But this joint's wires

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aren't aligned with the bone

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In this situation, select Skeleton-Orient Joint

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and click Apply in the Options box

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Now the joint is reoriented

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Rather than the joint

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being oriented with the world

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it should be oriented with the local axis

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You can learn more about this

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when you get to professional rigging

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This time we're learning the basics

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so I won't go too deep into that

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Now let's change the joint names again

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In rigging

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it's important to name the joints

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because you can get confused

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as the number of joints increase

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Which is why you should change the joint names

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as you create them

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Now let's rig the legs

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I'll rig the legs while viewing from the side

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We don't need the other parts right now

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So I'll select all the existing joints

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You can see there is a Layers menu on the right

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Click Layers from the Display tab

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and create a layer out of the selected joints

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Clicking on the rightmost icon

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will create a new layer

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that includes everything currently selected

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You can turn layers on and off

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I created a layer to hide these joints

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so I'll name the layer 'hide'

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Now click Skeleton-Create Joints again

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and select a point on the upper part of the leg

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about where the leg begins

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Another where the knee joint will be

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And another where the foot is

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That's it for the leg

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It's important to rig legs

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so that there is a slight bend on the knee

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That is because later on

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we're going to add a controller called IK

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which will only work if this joint

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is slightly bent by default

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Then Ctrl+D to copy

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and let's paste it onto the other leg

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Name this joint leg1_Left

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There are various ways

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such as MEL scripts

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that you can use to more conveniently name joints

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But that isn't the priority right now

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At the start, you should try naming them

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 one by one, to help get a hang of things

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The toe is toe_Right

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Now let's turn the hide layer back on

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Lastly, select the neck joint

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Press Ctrl+D and drag

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and add the new joint as a child to neck

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I'm going to name it 'head'

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I won't make separate joints for the ears

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Now what you have to do

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is take the left and right arm

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and make them child joints of spine

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leg_Left and leg_Right

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go under the root joint

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And that is the entire skeleton

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But creating the skeleton is only the first step

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Now we have to attach the model data

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to this skeleton

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When a joint moves

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the model has to be attached to the skeleton

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for the model to actually move

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Like this, for example

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So how do you do that?

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First select the root joint

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Click the bear group while holding Shift

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and it will show the whole group

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Press Ctrl, select the group

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then drag down while holding Shift

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We don't want to select the body group

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so click while holding Ctrl to unselect it

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Now from the menu bar

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open the options box for Skin-Bind Skin

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The options here are important

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Bind to: Joint hierarchy

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Here you can only see the root joint right now

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but binding to the joint hierarchy means that selecting the root joint

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will automatically select all of its child joints

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For the other options

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Bind method: Geodesic Voxel

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Skinning method: Dual quaternion

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Normalize weights: Post

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And set Max influences to 3

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and click Apply

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Now if you look at the Channel Box

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for the modeling data

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you can see that there's an indication

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that the values are locked

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So they are bound to the joints now

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When you move a joint

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the model moves along with it

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but it also becomes deformed where it shouldn't be

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We now have to adjust that

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Wait, I made a mistake

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I left out the tail

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To add a tail joint

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select Skin-Unbind skin

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to unbind the model

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You will also see that in the Inputs node

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there is a lot of history

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that has accumulated

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Select Edit-Delete by type-History

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If this object has that much history

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so will all the other ones

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Select all of them and go to the Edit menu

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These objects are still bound right now

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Binding means to connect

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the skeleton with the model

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So if you delete the history

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of a bound object, it will be unbound

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If you want to avoid that

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you can select Non-Deformer History instead

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Once you do that, the only history left

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will be this one called skinCluster

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which is the one that indicates that this object is bound

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So, by selecting the objects

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with history data

282
00:18:48.653 --> 00:18:51.366
in their Inputs node

283
00:18:51.366 --> 00:18:53.612
and selecting [Edit]-[Delete by Type]-[Non-Deformer History]

284
00:18:53.612 --> 00:18:56.045
all of the unnecessary data

285
00:18:56.045 --> 00:18:58.446
will be deletedw

286
00:18:58.446 --> 00:19:01.901
Now I'm going to make one more joint for the tail

287
00:19:04.584 --> 00:19:07.653
in order to weight map it

288
00:19:07.653 --> 00:19:12.436
Create one bone for the tail

289
00:19:14.713 --> 00:19:21.099
and add it under the root joint

290
00:19:21.099 --> 00:19:22.495
If you select the tail

291
00:19:22.495 --> 00:19:25.327
then select root while pressing P

292
00:19:25.327 --> 00:19:31.994
It will set the joint you click

293
00:19:31.994 --> 00:19:34.703
as the parent of the selected joint(s)

294
00:19:34.703 --> 00:19:38.442
Associating objects like this is in fact called

295
00:19:38.442 --> 00:19:40.228
parenting an object

296
00:19:40.228 --> 00:19:42.198
The child object

297
00:19:42.198 --> 00:19:45.697
is selected first, then choose the parent

298
00:19:45.697 --> 00:19:47.822
Kind of like finding a home for the object

299
00:19:47.822 --> 00:19:51.198
So, hold P and click to add child joints

300
00:19:51.198 --> 00:19:55.608
If you select a parented object and press Shift+P

301
00:19:55.608 --> 00:19:58.545
it will be unparented

302
00:19:58.545 --> 00:20:02.337
So it's the child object

303
00:20:02.337 --> 00:20:06.386
that either joins or leaves the parent

304
00:20:06.386 --> 00:20:07.465
So the tail is now parented

305
00:20:08.891 --> 00:20:13.861
Let's name it 'tail'

306
00:20:13.861 --> 00:20:17.030
tail1 and tail2

307
00:20:19.188 --> 00:20:28.832
Select tail1 and the tail model

308
00:20:28.832 --> 00:20:32.416
The menus in the menu bar

309
00:20:32.416 --> 00:20:34.637
can also be accessed by pressing the spacebar

310
00:20:34.637 --> 00:20:37.436
while the mouse is within the viewport

311
00:20:37.436 --> 00:20:39.069
They will be displayed in this Hotbox

312
00:20:39.069 --> 00:20:41.802
So it can be quicker to look for the menu you want

313
00:20:41.802 --> 00:20:45.277
from the Hotbox instead of the menu bar

314
00:20:45.277 --> 00:20:47.881
Just like before

315
00:20:49.762 --> 00:20:52.089
select [Skin]-[Bind Skin]

316
00:20:57.178 --> 00:21:00.277
and now the tail moves like this

317
00:21:00.673 --> 00:21:04.316
Skinning a Model to a Skeleton - Skin Weight

318
00:21:05.020 --> 00:21:07.564
Now let's get into proper binding

319
00:21:07.564 --> 00:21:12.030
First, we have to adjust the skin weights

320
00:21:12.030 --> 00:21:15.515
For example

321
00:21:17.693 --> 00:21:21.115
The bear's head

322
00:21:23.640 --> 00:21:25.891
should only receive influence

323
00:21:25.891 --> 00:21:28.743
from the movement of the head and neck joints

324
00:21:30.743 --> 00:21:35.178
and not from any other joints

325
00:21:35.178 --> 00:21:37.495
Let's select this vertex

326
00:21:37.495 --> 00:21:39.537
Now go to

327
00:21:39.537 --> 00:21:42.713
[Windows]-[Component Editor]

328
00:21:42.713 --> 00:21:45.901
and there will be a Smooth Skins tab

329
00:21:45.901 --> 00:21:48.545
You can view here

330
00:21:48.545 --> 00:21:50.572
how many joints are influencing

331
00:21:50.572 --> 00:21:51.564
this one vertex

332
00:21:56.644 --> 00:21:59.178
Only the neck joint should be shown here

333
00:21:59.178 --> 00:22:02.238
but you can see the arm and spine joints here as well

334
00:22:02.238 --> 00:22:05.168
The numbers on this row

335
00:22:05.168 --> 00:22:09.000
will always add up to 1

336
00:22:09.000 --> 00:22:11.416
So 1 is the total amount of weight

337
00:22:11.416 --> 00:22:13.607
As you can see

338
00:22:13.607 --> 00:22:18.089
the neck joint has 0.43 weight

339
00:22:18.089 --> 00:22:20.980
That is the most influence out of the three

340
00:22:20.980 --> 00:22:23.396
but arm1_Left and spine shouldn't have any weight at all

341
00:22:26.426 --> 00:22:29.426
What we have to do here is change neck's value to 1

342
00:22:29.426 --> 00:22:34.257
Selecting one vertex

343
00:22:34.257 --> 00:22:35.475
and double clicking it

344
00:22:38.772 --> 00:22:41.426
will select the entire skin

345
00:22:41.426 --> 00:22:44.226
All of these vertices

346
00:22:44.226 --> 00:22:48.040
only need to be influenced by neck

347
00:22:48.040 --> 00:22:51.317
So in the Component Editor

348
00:22:51.317 --> 00:22:56.023
enter 0 for all of the joints shown

349
00:22:56.023 --> 00:22:58.297
except for the neck joint

350
00:22:58.297 --> 00:23:00.682
and they will disappear

351
00:23:00.682 --> 00:23:02.248
They lose influence on the head skin

352
00:23:09.604 --> 00:23:12.347
The head looks better now

353
00:23:12.347 --> 00:23:13.634
So this is how you modify skin weights

354
00:23:15.614 --> 00:23:20.307
Weight is a value between 0 and 1

355
00:23:20.307 --> 00:23:22.921
that decides how much

356
00:23:22.921 --> 00:23:25.100
the movement of each joint

357
00:23:25.100 --> 00:23:27.376
influences a certain vertex

358
00:23:27.376 --> 00:23:29.931
compared to other joints

359
00:23:29.931 --> 00:23:31.067
Now the head

360
00:23:31.067 --> 00:23:33.465
should work as intended

361
00:23:40.267 --> 00:23:43.000
Let's try lifting this arm

362
00:23:45.782 --> 00:23:48.634
The body skin follows the arm's movement

363
00:23:48.634 --> 00:23:51.515
The body skin has nothing to do with the arms

364
00:23:51.515 --> 00:23:56.406
Right click to isolate the body

365
00:23:56.406 --> 00:23:58.703
Select the body skin

366
00:23:58.703 --> 00:24:02.446
The body only has to be influenced

367
00:24:02.446 --> 00:24:05.317
by the root, spine, and neck joints

368
00:24:05.317 --> 00:24:10.119
Let's get rid of the arms and legs

369
00:24:13.188 --> 00:24:16.396
Now it acts normally

370
00:24:18.653 --> 00:24:22.188
It's working as intended

371
00:24:26.050 --> 00:24:31.653
Now we have to adjust the arm's skin weight

372
00:24:31.653 --> 00:24:34.446
It's a pain to keep editing weights this way

373
00:24:34.446 --> 00:24:38.059
So let's set a keyframe

374
00:24:38.059 --> 00:24:40.584
for this arm joint

375
00:24:40.584 --> 00:24:43.109
And at frame 20

376
00:24:43.109 --> 00:24:46.119
lift the arm about this much

377
00:24:48.743 --> 00:24:51.407
You can see now

378
00:24:51.407 --> 00:24:52.950
that the arm slightly distorts

379
00:24:52.950 --> 00:24:55.267
That doesn't look good

380
00:24:55.267 --> 00:24:57.386
Let's check the skin weight for this vertex

381
00:24:59.059 --> 00:25:01.941
It has spine as an influence

382
00:25:01.941 --> 00:25:05.030
Root is also

383
00:25:05.030 --> 00:25:06.644
influencing the arm

384
00:25:06.644 --> 00:25:08.099
Let's get rid of this

385
00:25:11.030 --> 00:25:12.089
Now

386
00:25:14.297 --> 00:25:15.650
let's turn the animation on

387
00:25:15.650 --> 00:25:17.356
The arm looks better now

388
00:25:22.663 --> 00:25:25.059
Delete these keyframes

389
00:25:27.406 --> 00:25:31.980
Now let's do the same

390
00:25:35.267 --> 00:25:36.703
with the elbow joint

391
00:25:39.327 --> 00:25:43.287
This looks somewhat unnatural

392
00:25:43.287 --> 00:25:46.604
We're going to adjust the elbow

393
00:25:49.842 --> 00:25:53.970
Hide everything except

394
00:25:55.832 --> 00:25:59.099
the arm joints and model

395
00:25:59.099 --> 00:26:03.149
Now let's select the 'elbow' of the arm

396
00:26:03.149 --> 00:26:06.693
and add a loop

397
00:26:06.693 --> 00:26:07.912
Select a vertex

398
00:26:07.912 --> 00:26:09.750
and double click the one next to it

399
00:26:09.750 --> 00:26:11.257
Now a vertex loop has been selected

400
00:26:13.703 --> 00:26:16.475
If you look at the Component Editor

401
00:26:18.426 --> 00:26:19.557
The joints here

402
00:26:19.557 --> 00:26:23.802
are named arm1_Left, arm2_Left, and arm3_Left

403
00:26:23.802 --> 00:26:26.209
arm1 and arm2

404
00:26:26.209 --> 00:26:29.307
should have 0.5 weight each

405
00:26:30.733 --> 00:26:32.713
arm3 shouldn't be an influence

406
00:26:34.178 --> 00:26:38.911
And for the loop

407
00:26:38.911 --> 00:26:42.238
that is right above the elbow loop

408
00:26:42.238 --> 00:26:44.723
arm1 should have 0.8 weight

409
00:26:48.465 --> 00:26:52.228
and arm2 about 0.2

410
00:26:52.228 --> 00:26:54.331
The lower loop is the reverse

411
00:26:54.331 --> 00:26:58.027
arm1 is 0.2, and arm2 is 0.8

412
00:26:58.027 --> 00:27:01.366
arm3 shouldn't have any weight

413
00:27:01.366 --> 00:27:03.347
The other vertices

414
00:27:08.505 --> 00:27:14.317
that are on the upper part of the arm

415
00:27:14.317 --> 00:27:18.188
should be weighted completely on arm1

416
00:27:18.188 --> 00:27:19.776
But if you try to select them

417
00:27:21.905 --> 00:27:23.931
it doesn't work

418
00:27:23.931 --> 00:27:28.500
because in Maya, joints are selected

419
00:27:28.500 --> 00:27:31.693
by a higher priority than modeled skins

420
00:27:31.693 --> 00:27:32.703
To solve this

421
00:27:34.980 --> 00:27:37.766
first select the skin

422
00:27:37.766 --> 00:27:39.549
and turn off isolation

423
00:27:39.549 --> 00:27:42.505
Turning it on again will show only the skin

424
00:27:42.505 --> 00:27:45.376
Now that the vertices can be selected

425
00:27:45.376 --> 00:27:46.792
enter 1 for arm1

426
00:27:50.574 --> 00:27:54.040
I think for this loop

427
00:27:54.040 --> 00:27:56.426
0.9 will make it look better

428
00:27:56.426 --> 00:27:59.366
The distal part as well

429
00:27:59.366 --> 00:28:03.218
Enter 1 for arm2's weight

430
00:28:03.218 --> 00:28:07.069
This loop should be weighted 0.1 to 0.9 as well

431
00:28:17.188 --> 00:28:19.212
Now if we press 3

432
00:28:19.212 --> 00:28:20.663
The arm looks better now

433
00:28:22.871 --> 00:28:24.188
I think this part

434
00:28:26.941 --> 00:28:30.763
should also receive some influence

435
00:28:30.763 --> 00:28:33.772
from arm1, about 0.02

436
00:28:33.772 --> 00:28:37.872
Let's do 0.03 instead

437
00:28:39.822 --> 00:28:40.752
arm2 has 0.7 weight

438
00:28:42.257 --> 00:28:48.450
Having a very slight amount of weight

439
00:28:48.450 --> 00:28:53.218
on arm2_Left, for example about 0.03

440
00:28:53.218 --> 00:28:55.376
makes the arm look better

441
00:28:55.376 --> 00:28:56.050
Cute

442
00:29:00.812 --> 00:29:06.000
Let's get rid of the keyframes again

443
00:29:06.000 --> 00:29:09.040
And do the same thing again for the legs

444
00:29:11.624 --> 00:29:15.446
Let's try lifting this leg

445
00:29:17.644 --> 00:29:20.099
It looks unnatural

446
00:29:20.099 --> 00:29:27.139
This is because the leg skin is also being influenced

447
00:29:27.139 --> 00:29:32.653
by the root joint

448
00:29:32.653 --> 00:29:34.259
and the joints

449
00:29:34.259 --> 00:29:40.020
on the other side, the right leg

450
00:29:40.020 --> 00:29:44.733
Leave only the left leg joints

451
00:29:48.802 --> 00:29:52.842
Now, let's remove

452
00:29:56.782 --> 00:30:00.297
all of the keyframes for this upper joint

453
00:30:00.297 --> 00:30:01.950
and select the knee joint

454
00:30:01.950 --> 00:30:07.881
Give a keyframe at 0 frames

455
00:30:11.208 --> 00:30:15.564
The legs are thicker

456
00:30:15.564 --> 00:30:17.158
so it's harder to weight the legs properly

457
00:30:17.158 --> 00:30:18.356
But let's try it anyway

458
00:30:20.802 --> 00:30:23.788
Select the vertex loop

459
00:30:23.788 --> 00:30:26.277
at the same height as the knee

460
00:30:26.277 --> 00:30:31.119
The foot joint doesn't need to be an influence here

461
00:30:31.119 --> 00:30:34.059
Give 0.5 to leg1 and leg2

462
00:30:38.099 --> 00:30:42.693
Get rid of foot_Left as well

463
00:30:42.693 --> 00:30:46.792
0.2 to leg1_Left and 0.8 to leg2_Left

464
00:30:52.554 --> 00:30:54.535
That seems to work

465
00:30:58.851 --> 00:31:05.129
The same for the loop above the knee

466
00:31:05.129 --> 00:31:06.792
Set foot_Left's weight to 0

467
00:31:06.792 --> 00:31:11.069
0.75 to leg1, 0.25 to leg2

468
00:31:21.703 --> 00:31:27.406
1 to leg1, 0 to leg2

469
00:31:27.406 --> 00:31:30.406
Now group select the lower vertices

470
00:31:38.851 --> 00:31:41.386
and get rid of the foot joints

471
00:31:44.109 --> 00:31:51.317
1 to leg2, and 0 to leg1

472
00:31:51.317 --> 00:31:54.861
toe_Left also gets zero weight

473
00:31:59.436 --> 00:32:02.419
If we look at the way it moves now

474
00:32:02.419 --> 00:32:04.277
it still looks somewhat awkward

475
00:32:07.644 --> 00:32:09.967
If we look at the loop here

476
00:32:09.967 --> 00:32:12.238
Oops

477
00:32:16.792 --> 00:32:18.158
leg2 has all of the weight

478
00:32:22.030 --> 00:32:25.292
Entering these values one by one

479
00:32:25.292 --> 00:32:27.752
takes way too much time

480
00:32:27.752 --> 00:32:31.416
Especially because this model is round overall

481
00:32:31.416 --> 00:32:33.673
looking at the numbers doesn't tell you much

482
00:32:33.673 --> 00:32:36.432
In that case, right click

483
00:32:36.432 --> 00:32:39.881
and select the Paint Skin Weights Tool

484
00:32:39.881 --> 00:32:42.807
You can see all of the joints

485
00:32:42.807 --> 00:32:45.624
that are influencing this skin

486
00:32:45.624 --> 00:32:47.784
Areas with heavy influence are colored white

487
00:32:47.784 --> 00:32:50.515
and areas with little influence black

488
00:32:50.515 --> 00:32:51.752
So that's how the weight map works

489
00:32:54.614 --> 00:32:57.168
Right now, we should select Smooth

490
00:32:59.139 --> 00:33:00.525
with Opacity at 0.5

491
00:33:04.723 --> 00:33:09.337
Let's decrease the brush size a bit

492
00:33:09.337 --> 00:33:14.010
Now paint while holding B to paint with a smooth brush

493
00:33:16.040 --> 00:33:20.040
Do the same for leg2_Left

494
00:33:38.584 --> 00:33:41.564
and that's about it for the legs

495
00:33:41.564 --> 00:33:42.911
The leg looks nice now

496
00:33:46.386 --> 00:33:49.079
Now for the final part of the leg

497
00:33:49.079 --> 00:33:54.703
We have to adjust the foots' weights again

498
00:33:54.703 --> 00:33:58.109
I just deleted all the influence

499
00:33:58.118 --> 00:34:00.939
from the foot joints

500
00:34:00.939 --> 00:34:03.238
and now moving the joint doesn't do anything

501
00:34:03.238 --> 00:34:05.970
You can also see from the Component Editor

502
00:34:05.970 --> 00:34:08.871
that whatever vertex you select

503
00:34:08.871 --> 00:34:14.752
it doesn't have foot_Left as an influence

504
00:34:14.752 --> 00:34:16.550
Let's select

505
00:34:16.550 --> 00:34:19.287
Paint Skin Weights Tool again

506
00:34:19.287 --> 00:34:21.812
and select foot_Left

507
00:34:21.812 --> 00:34:26.040
Set Opacity to about 0.2

508
00:34:26.040 --> 00:34:29.980
and also set Value to 0.2

509
00:34:29.980 --> 00:34:32.950
and paint the foot

510
00:34:32.950 --> 00:34:36.059
Shape the weight map

511
00:34:36.059 --> 00:34:39.168
by carefully painting

512
00:34:39.168 --> 00:34:41.109
only on the places

513
00:34:41.109 --> 00:34:43.099
where you want the skin

514
00:34:43.099 --> 00:34:44.832
to follow this joint's movement

515
00:34:55.188 --> 00:34:57.881
Once you're finished

516
00:34:57.881 --> 00:35:01.297
give a finishing touch with Smooth

517
00:35:11.079 --> 00:35:12.564
Now, if I press 3

518
00:35:16.149 --> 00:35:17.634
it looks pretty good

519
00:35:23.416 --> 00:35:28.931
Now let's select a vertex

520
00:35:28.931 --> 00:35:30.218
Good, foot_left is there

521
00:35:30.218 --> 00:35:32.891
0.5, 0.5, and 1

522
00:35:32.891 --> 00:35:35.010
But this one, unfortunately

523
00:35:35.010 --> 00:35:36.644
ended up having a weight total of 1.208

524
00:35:36.644 --> 00:35:40.099
instead of 1

525
00:35:40.099 --> 00:35:42.030
Most of the other vertices are probably like this

526
00:35:42.030 --> 00:35:43.748
The total value of weights

527
00:35:43.748 --> 00:35:45.179
must add up to 1

528
00:35:45.179 --> 00:35:47.960
So we should go to

529
00:35:50.248 --> 00:35:56.980
[Skin]-[Normalize Weights]

530
00:35:56.980 --> 00:36:00.317
and click Enable Weight Normalization

531
00:36:00.317 --> 00:36:02.436
Huh?

532
00:36:02.436 --> 00:36:05.743
The skin now receives

533
00:36:05.743 --> 00:36:08.733
a weight total of more than 1

534
00:36:08.733 --> 00:36:11.970
Within Maya, the program will adjust for the weight total

535
00:36:11.970 --> 00:36:14.752
if it is larger than 1, so the original shape can be maintained

536
00:36:14.752 --> 00:36:17.446
But if you export the weight map to another program

537
00:36:17.446 --> 00:36:20.059
the model will end up like this

538
00:36:20.059 --> 00:36:22.564
Selecting Normalize Weights

539
00:36:22.564 --> 00:36:24.891
lets the program

540
00:36:24.891 --> 00:36:27.832
automatically adjust the weight total to 1

541
00:36:30.554 --> 00:36:33.545
Now whichever vertex you select here

542
00:36:33.545 --> 00:36:36.010
the total value will be 1

543
00:36:39.554 --> 00:36:41.861
The legs look nice and adorable

544
00:36:45.861 --> 00:36:47.782
So do the arms

545
00:36:49.238 --> 00:36:52.327
And the head

546
00:36:52.327 --> 00:36:53.594
The last thing to do

547
00:36:53.594 --> 00:36:59.248
is adjust the waist

548
00:36:59.248 --> 00:37:00.471
But now that I look at it

549
00:37:00.471 --> 00:37:02.436
there's not much to adjust here

550
00:37:06.208 --> 00:37:09.475
But just in case

551
00:37:09.475 --> 00:37:13.149
let's try moving the waist joint

552
00:37:15.446 --> 00:37:19.564
Now that I move it like this

553
00:37:19.564 --> 00:37:22.713
I can see that something is off

554
00:37:22.713 --> 00:37:24.733
Select the waist

555
00:37:28.158 --> 00:37:30.515
First let's select

556
00:37:30.515 --> 00:37:34.733
the vertices where the joint is

557
00:37:34.733 --> 00:37:37.040
and weight each influence by 0.5

558
00:37:42.277 --> 00:37:44.515
For the loop below that

559
00:37:47.455 --> 00:37:50.228
0.8 and 0.2

560
00:37:51.495 --> 00:37:53.564
And the loop below that

561
00:37:55.525 --> 00:37:57.624
1 for the root joint

562
00:38:00.149 --> 00:38:03.594
And you can do the opposite for the upper loop

563
00:38:03.594 --> 00:38:08.099
0.2 for root and 0.8 for spine

564
00:38:08.099 --> 00:38:09.347
The topmost loop

565
00:38:12.089 --> 00:38:16.010
we can just enter 1 for spine

566
00:38:16.010 --> 00:38:19.723
This should look good enough

567
00:38:27.822 --> 00:38:30.475
Let's get rid of the keyframes

568
00:38:30.475 --> 00:38:33.693
You don't need to weight the tail

569
00:38:36.941 --> 00:38:39.634
Now apply what we did

570
00:38:39.634 --> 00:38:44.475
to the left arm and leg, to the right

571
00:38:44.475 --> 00:38:48.485
Think of it as a review session

572
00:38:48.485 --> 00:38:55.178
Now we have finished

573
00:38:55.178 --> 00:38:58.911
basic skinning

574
00:38:58.911 --> 00:39:00.950
for a simple model

575
00:39:03.436 --> 00:39:08.634
But these joints are not enough

576
00:39:08.634 --> 00:39:10.743
to animate a character

577
00:39:10.743 --> 00:39:12.861
It's not impossible

578
00:39:12.861 --> 00:39:15.446
but there is a method

579
00:39:15.446 --> 00:39:17.812
that makes the animating process much easier

580
00:39:17.812 --> 00:39:21.535
so that's what we will do next time

581
00:39:21.535 --> 00:39:24.376
It's called rigging

582
00:39:24.376 --> 00:39:30.782
What we did this time is also a part of the rigging process

583
00:39:30.782 --> 00:39:34.842
but we also have to add controllers

584
00:39:34.842 --> 00:39:36.515
in order to make

585
00:39:36.515 --> 00:39:37.970
the joints easy to control for the animator

586
00:39:44.970 --> 00:39:49.168
Let's go over what we learned today

587
00:39:49.168 --> 00:39:51.614
We created a skeleton

588
00:39:51.614 --> 00:39:53.475
and attached it to our model

589
00:39:53.475 --> 00:39:56.564
using a function called Smooth Binding

590
00:39:56.564 --> 00:39:58.327
We also learned two ways

591
00:39:58.327 --> 00:40:01.762
of adjusting the weight values

592
00:40:01.762 --> 00:40:05.248
Next time, you will learn how to put controllers on the skeleton

593
00:40:05.248 --> 00:40:08.426
so that the character can be controlled intuitively

594
00:40:09.435 --> 00:40:10.438
Creating a Basic Skeleton
Head skeleton
Change radius to adjust joint size
Place root joint at model's center
Scale model to adjust size

595
00:40:10.438 --> 00:40:11.741
[Modeling]-[Mesh Display Reverse] to reverse vertices
Copy & paste joints to quickly place joints

596
00:40:11.741 --> 00:40:12.858
Ctrl+D to copy & paste joints; rename joint root1 to spine, and root2 to neck

597
00:40:12.858 --> 00:40:14.089
Ctrl+D and Ctrl+G, enter -1 for Scale X

598
00:40:14.089 --> 00:40:15.629
Leg skeleton
Click [Skeleton]-[Create Joints] to create leg joints
Ctrl+D to copy & paste to other leg

599
00:40:15.629 --> 00:40:16.908
 Select neck joint and copy & paste to head
Select arm joints & connect to spine, connect leg joints to root

600
00:40:16.908 --> 00:40:18.227
Select root, then click bearGR while holding Shift
[Skeleton]-[Create Joints] to create tail joint

601
00:40:18.227 --> 00:40:19.079
Select tail and root, press P to parent tail

602
00:40:19.079 --> 00:40:20.331
Binding & Weighting a Model
Adjusting head weights
Select vertex, [Windows]-[General Editors]-[Component Editor]-[Smooth Skins]

603
00:40:20.331 --> 00:40:21.640
 Setting an influence's weight to 1 removes all other influences
Enter 0 for all other influences except neck

604
00:40:21.640 --> 00:40:22.840
Adjusting arm & leg weights
Set keyframe at 0 frames, lift arm at 20 frames
Removing influence from spine & root adjusts weight

605
00:40:22.840 --> 00:40:24.012
 Select loop at where elbow is
Left leg should only be influenced by leg1, leg2, foot, and toe_Left

606
00:40:24.019 --> 00:40:25.875
Adjusting foot weight
Select Paint Skin Weights Tool, select foot_Left

607
00:40:25.875 --> 00:40:27.610
 Paint vertices where foot joint should be an influence
Use Smooth to smooth out weight map, make sure Total value is 1

608
00:40:27.610 --> 00:40:28.920
Use Normalize Weights to adjust all vertices' weight total to 1