WEBVTT 1 00:00:03.831 --> 00:00:09.850 WEBTOON advanced Importance of understanding structure-legs, feet 2 00:00:09.850 --> 00:00:12.487 GCC academy 3 00:00:31.120 --> 00:00:33.688 Hello, this is Webtoon artist Uksoo 4 00:00:33.688 --> 00:00:38.538 Today we're going to cover the anatomy of the lower body, legs, and feet 5 00:00:38.538 --> 00:00:40.560 Legs in Webtoon drawings 6 00:00:40.580 --> 00:00:42.459 is like the back 7 00:00:42.480 --> 00:00:44.720 Actually, it doesn't show that much 8 00:00:44.759 --> 00:00:47.599 If it does appear, there must be a clear intention or purpose 9 00:00:47.619 --> 00:00:50.959 Often requires detailed elements 10 00:00:51.000 --> 00:00:54.240 At the same time, I don't draw much, so I'm not used to drawing 11 00:00:54.279 --> 00:00:56.740 It's something like that 12 00:00:56.779 --> 00:00:59.820 But to me, I like drawing legs 13 00:00:59.840 --> 00:01:02.880 It's much more fun and enjoyable 14 00:01:02.919 --> 00:01:05.120 to express beautiful curves in the lower body than in the upper body 15 00:01:05.160 --> 00:01:07.120 Anyway, today 16 00:01:07.160 --> 00:01:10.260 Let's look at the anatomy of the legs and feet 17 00:01:10.300 --> 00:01:11.554 and when drawing these 18 00:01:11.554 --> 00:01:14.160 Let's see if we can apply it 19 00:01:14.199 --> 00:01:16.199 As before, we start with the bones 20 00:01:16.239 --> 00:01:20.139 We'll cover muscles and other features 21 00:01:20.180 --> 00:01:25.540 However, in the case of the foot, we will not cover the anatomy of the bones and muscles 22 00:01:25.580 --> 00:01:27.379 The feet, rather than about anatomical detail, 23 00:01:27.419 --> 00:01:31.019 I think it's more important to understand the structural form 24 00:01:31.040 --> 00:01:33.660 So let me explain with some examples of feet 25 00:01:33.680 --> 00:01:35.125 and explain the necessary parts 26 00:01:35.844 --> 00:01:42.279 Muscles and bones of the legs 27 00:01:43.160 --> 00:01:46.959 First, let's look at the leg bones 28 00:01:46.959 --> 00:01:50.640 As in the arm area, there were synovial and free bones 29 00:01:50.640 --> 00:01:53.499 The leg bones are also the shin bones 30 00:01:53.499 --> 00:01:56.340 and free leg bones 31 00:01:56.340 --> 00:01:58.981 The pelvic bone is the synovial bone 32 00:01:58.981 --> 00:02:03.820 The free leg bones are specifically the femur, 33 00:02:03.820 --> 00:02:07.379 tibia, fibula, 34 00:02:07.380 --> 00:02:11.471 And here's the cute kneecap (patella) 35 00:02:11.471 --> 00:02:14.380 The legs are somehow simpler than the arms 36 00:02:14.380 --> 00:02:18.169 First of all, the pelvis is the joint of the legs 37 00:02:18.169 --> 00:02:21.379 Because we covered it in the last body section 38 00:02:21.380 --> 00:02:23.608 Let's take a quick look and move on 39 00:02:23.608 --> 00:02:25.558 The pelvic bone is composed of the hip bone 40 00:02:25.558 --> 00:02:28.639 and the sacrum located in the center 41 00:02:28.639 --> 00:02:31.476 These two form a shape similar to 42 00:02:31.476 --> 00:02:33.089 a washbasin 43 00:02:33.089 --> 00:02:36.360 The hollow point on the buttock side of the pelvis 44 00:02:36.369 --> 00:02:41.209 is where the gluteus maximus, the widest part of the hip bone, attaches 45 00:02:41.209 --> 00:02:44.259 This is a point that stands out especially in women 46 00:02:44.279 --> 00:02:48.460 It's a good landmark to depict when emphasizing sexual appeal 47 00:02:48.479 --> 00:02:51.029 Now, let's talk about the free leg bone 48 00:02:51.029 --> 00:02:53.390 Let's take a look at them one by one 49 00:02:53.390 --> 00:02:56.911 Let's look at the femur first 50 00:02:56.911 --> 00:02:59.421 It's often called the femur 51 00:02:59.421 --> 00:03:04.330 The femur is the largest and longest bone in the human body 52 00:03:04.330 --> 00:03:06.660 It is said to have the length About 44cm on average for adults 53 00:03:06.660 --> 00:03:08.599 of about 44cm on average for adults 54 00:03:08.599 --> 00:03:12.359 If a body with only partial bones is found 55 00:03:12.359 --> 00:03:14.849 If you have the femur, using that as a reference 56 00:03:14.849 --> 00:03:17.600 It is said that you can estimate the height while they were alive 57 00:03:17.609 --> 00:03:20.409 In movies, you see primitive people swinging bones 58 00:03:20.409 --> 00:03:22.590 while shouting 59 00:03:22.600 --> 00:03:28.020 In many cases, the bone being held is the thigh of some animal 60 00:03:28.039 --> 00:03:30.219 Because it is the largest and strongest bone 61 00:03:30.220 --> 00:03:34.639 This bone is the foundation of the lower body and supports the weight of the upper body 62 00:03:34.639 --> 00:03:36.889 Because it has to hold on to large muscles responsible 63 00:03:36.889 --> 00:03:38.799 of powerful movements of the lower body 64 00:03:38.799 --> 00:03:41.468 It has become very large in size 65 00:03:41.468 --> 00:03:43.668 The head of the femur 66 00:03:43.668 --> 00:03:47.232 is fitted into the acetabulum of the pelvic bone 67 00:03:47.232 --> 00:03:51.780 Allowing forward, backward, left, right, up and down movement of the legs 68 00:03:51.780 --> 00:03:55.929 In the case of the neck, which connects the body and the head of the femur, 69 00:03:55.929 --> 00:03:59.890 On average, it is bent at around 120 degrees 70 00:03:59.890 --> 00:04:03.191 The bones in a straight line are not directly connected to the joints 71 00:04:03.191 --> 00:04:06.391 A protruding femoral neck 72 00:04:06.391 --> 00:04:09.419 has a structure connected to the head 73 00:04:09.419 --> 00:04:12.929 This is a structure that allows for more diverse maneuvers 74 00:04:12.929 --> 00:04:18.110 At the same time, it is caught between the femur and the pelvic bone 75 00:04:18.110 --> 00:04:20.399 Therefore there may be limitations to exercise 76 00:04:20.400 --> 00:04:23.350 It is similar to the structure of the shoulder blade and humerus 77 00:04:23.350 --> 00:04:26.950 The way the femur is raised towards the head 78 00:04:26.950 --> 00:04:28.611 is the same with arms 79 00:04:28.611 --> 00:04:31.340 It can't be lifted properly from the side 80 00:04:31.340 --> 00:04:33.720 What did we do when we were to lift our arms all the way up? 81 00:04:33.720 --> 00:04:38.079 Yes, I said to put your arms out in front and then go up 82 00:04:38.079 --> 00:04:40.510 The same goes for the exercise of the femur 83 00:04:40.510 --> 00:04:43.871 To prevent the femoral head from becoming engulfed in a large tubercle 84 00:04:43.871 --> 00:04:47.280 Just put the legs forward and go up 85 00:04:47.280 --> 00:04:49.870 In men, the greater trochanter of the femur 86 00:04:49.870 --> 00:04:52.010 becomes an important landmark 87 00:04:52.010 --> 00:04:54.960 This large protrusion is located at the center of the lateral gluteus maximus 88 00:04:54.960 --> 00:04:56.739 of a sunken shape 89 00:04:56.739 --> 00:04:59.859 This is the part where the bones are relatively exposed 90 00:04:59.859 --> 00:05:03.430 So, it emphasizes well-trained, solid muscles 91 00:05:03.430 --> 00:05:05.930 When you want to express a man's sexual attractiveness 92 00:05:05.930 --> 00:05:08.309 That's a good point to emphasize 93 00:05:08.309 --> 00:05:12.190 Now let's look at the tibia and fibula on the calf side 94 00:05:12.190 --> 00:05:17.091 The shinbone, or tibia, is the bone that connects the ankle and the knee 95 00:05:17.091 --> 00:05:19.929 It supports body weight and absorbs shock 96 00:05:19.929 --> 00:05:22.920 and converts the absorbed shock into the power of a leap 97 00:05:22.920 --> 00:05:25.070 It plays a variety of roles 98 00:05:25.070 --> 00:05:27.942 It can be seen as a key point showing the boundary line 99 00:05:27.942 --> 00:05:31.980 between the flexor and extensor of the calf 100 00:05:31.980 --> 00:05:34.891 The tibia is not buried in the middle of the muscles 101 00:05:34.891 --> 00:05:38.620 It's a structure that is almost completely exposed on the front of the calf 102 00:05:38.620 --> 00:05:40.670 When it comes to so-called joint cracking 103 00:05:40.670 --> 00:05:44.380 You could say it's the bone that's referred to when saying that joint 104 00:05:44.380 --> 00:05:46.930 If you're hit here, the bone will be hit right through 105 00:05:46.930 --> 00:05:48.979 How much would it hurt 106 00:05:48.980 --> 00:05:52.280 Meanwhile, the tibia is responsible for the inner malleolus 107 00:05:52.280 --> 00:05:55.908 Setting limits to lateral ankle motion 108 00:05:55.908 --> 00:05:58.979 In simple terms, it prevents ankle twisting 109 00:05:58.979 --> 00:06:00.760 Next is the calf bone 110 00:06:00.760 --> 00:06:03.080 It's called the fibula 111 00:06:03.080 --> 00:06:05.580 This fibula is next to the tibia 112 00:06:05.580 --> 00:06:07.810 It is a bone that plays an auxiliary role 113 00:06:07.810 --> 00:06:11.880 Unlike the radius and ulna, which are responsible for the rotational movement of the wrist 114 00:06:11.880 --> 00:06:14.180 by pushing forward and backward 115 00:06:14.180 --> 00:06:18.720 The tibia and fibula do not have such a rotational function 116 00:06:18.720 --> 00:06:20.739 If the legs rotate 117 00:06:20.739 --> 00:06:23.239 Only the femur on the thigh side 118 00:06:23.239 --> 00:06:26.640 would just swivel in the pelvis 119 00:06:26.640 --> 00:06:30.340 The fibula is not that thick and its presence is weak 120 00:06:30.340 --> 00:06:32.759 It serves to distribute the load 121 00:06:32.759 --> 00:06:36.250 This part is also something we talked about when dealing with the ulna and radius bones of the arm 122 00:06:36.250 --> 00:06:40.220 The tibia and fibula also have this double bone structure 123 00:06:40.220 --> 00:06:43.720 It disperses the shock received from the ground when landing 124 00:06:43.720 --> 00:06:46.919 Conversely, this can be converted into momentum 125 00:06:46.920 --> 00:06:49.310 The fibula is the opposite side of the tibia 126 00:06:49.310 --> 00:06:52.359 That is, it is in charge of the side malleolus part 127 00:06:52.359 --> 00:06:55.239 It limits the lateral movement of the ankle 128 00:06:55.239 --> 00:06:57.252 The calf area is mostly made up of these two bones 129 00:06:57.252 --> 00:06:59.280 I guess you could say it functions as a set 130 00:06:59.280 --> 00:07:03.280 At this point, I'll summarize the malleolus bones 131 00:07:03.280 --> 00:07:07.460 The malleolus bone is what we call the peach bone 132 00:07:07.460 --> 00:07:09.549 This is the part 133 00:07:09.549 --> 00:07:12.376 It refers to the protruding bone part on the side 134 00:07:12.376 --> 00:07:15.319 and this area on the inside of the ankle joint 135 00:07:15.319 --> 00:07:19.049 It is primarily responsible for the up and down movement of the ankle 136 00:07:19.049 --> 00:07:21.899 They are also performing side operations 137 00:07:21.899 --> 00:07:24.021 Turning your ankle inward or outward 138 00:07:24.021 --> 00:07:27.139 is also possible because of this 139 00:07:27.140 --> 00:07:32.279 But if you look closely, the height of the inner and outer malleoli is different 140 00:07:32.279 --> 00:07:34.819 This is simple to remember 141 00:07:34.820 --> 00:07:38.190 Try bending your ankle right now 142 00:07:38.190 --> 00:07:41.839 Which way does your ankle more? 143 00:07:41.839 --> 00:07:43.259 It's inside 144 00:07:43.260 --> 00:07:47.690 That means the inner malleolus is further up 145 00:07:47.690 --> 00:07:51.839 If you memorize it like this, it will be easier to understand 146 00:07:51.839 --> 00:07:55.639 Lastly, the cute and precious kneecap of the leg 147 00:07:55.639 --> 00:07:58.440 It is also called the patella 148 00:07:58.440 --> 00:08:00.340 It's small so it's easy to ignore 149 00:08:00.340 --> 00:08:03.641 The knee joint itself is by no means something to be ignored 150 00:08:03.641 --> 00:08:08.180 The knee is the largest joint in the human body 151 00:08:08.180 --> 00:08:11.228 While receiving the greatest power 152 00:08:11.228 --> 00:08:13.628 At the same time, as long as we don't stop moving 153 00:08:13.628 --> 00:08:16.149 it is a joint area that is always used 154 00:08:16.149 --> 00:08:19.420 You could also say that it is a part that can easily break down 155 00:08:19.420 --> 00:08:23.589 You could say the kneecap is a bone that's been created 156 00:08:23.589 --> 00:08:25.370 to prevent injuries and functional decline of the knee joint 157 00:08:25.370 --> 00:08:27.591 and at the same time, to deliver power effectively 158 00:08:27.591 --> 00:08:32.440 This bone lies between the joint space of the femur and tibia 159 00:08:32.440 --> 00:08:35.411 It is placed inside the tendon 160 00:08:35.411 --> 00:08:38.460 The kneecap itself is not independently exposed 161 00:08:38.460 --> 00:08:41.560 As mentioned earlier, between the thigh muscles and the tibia 162 00:08:41.560 --> 00:08:44.030 It is wrapped in fascia 163 00:08:44.030 --> 00:08:47.391 If the large muscles of the thigh were to lift the tibia using only the tendons, 164 00:08:47.391 --> 00:08:49.200 It takes a lot of strength 165 00:08:49.200 --> 00:08:54.500 At that time, this knee part gets in the gap between the joints 166 00:08:54.500 --> 00:08:56.400 It plays a role in making things easier 167 00:08:56.400 --> 00:08:58.990 in the transmission of power to thigh muscles 168 00:08:58.990 --> 00:09:03.290 If you look at the picture, you can see the change in the position of the kneecap 169 00:09:03.290 --> 00:09:06.759 Now that you understand the anatomy of the knee, 170 00:09:06.759 --> 00:09:09.381 Then how should we draw it? 171 00:09:09.381 --> 00:09:12.031 The knee joint, like the tibia, is generally 172 00:09:12.031 --> 00:09:14.739 Because the bones are directly exposed to the skin 173 00:09:14.740 --> 00:09:17.679 Understanding the shape of bones makes it easier to depict 174 00:09:17.679 --> 00:09:20.639 There is a kneecap in the center of the femoral joint 175 00:09:20.640 --> 00:09:24.390 Around it are the femoral and tibial joints 176 00:09:24.390 --> 00:09:26.788 in a surrounding shape 177 00:09:26.788 --> 00:09:30.740 And you can draw the protruding part with a line 178 00:09:30.740 --> 00:09:34.380 Or simply, it can be described with these two lines 179 00:09:34.380 --> 00:09:36.430 We looked at the bones of the legs so far, 180 00:09:36.430 --> 00:09:41.420 femur, tibia, fibula, and kneecap 181 00:09:41.420 --> 00:09:43.032 You get the feeling that it has a simple structure 182 00:09:43.032 --> 00:09:45.219 compared to other parts, comparatively 183 00:09:45.219 --> 00:09:49.269 That's because the simpler it is, the easier it is to support great power 184 00:09:49.269 --> 00:09:51.420 and because it breaks down less often 185 00:09:51.420 --> 00:09:53.520 Because the legs support our torso 186 00:09:53.520 --> 00:09:56.119 and it is a valuable part that allows movement 187 00:09:56.120 --> 00:09:58.840 Okay, now let's learn about the leg muscles 188 00:09:58.840 --> 00:10:01.790 The legs are one of the large parts of the body 189 00:10:01.790 --> 00:10:04.510 It plays a pivotal role in our movement 190 00:10:04.510 --> 00:10:07.210 While talking about movement previously, the overall flow 191 00:10:07.210 --> 00:10:10.119 In other words, the continuity of the S line was emphasized 192 00:10:10.119 --> 00:10:14.619 As the flow moves from the bones of the leg to the muscles, 193 00:10:14.619 --> 00:10:17.019 It becomes more and more evident 194 00:10:17.019 --> 00:10:18.769 Before we get into specific muscles, 195 00:10:18.769 --> 00:10:21.720 Let's go over the overall flow of the leg 196 00:10:21.720 --> 00:10:23.920 The part you should pay close attention to is 197 00:10:23.920 --> 00:10:27.291 the flow that deviates diagonally from each joint 198 00:10:27.291 --> 00:10:32.110 The flow of the knee bends in the opposite direction from the flow of the ankle 199 00:10:32.110 --> 00:10:37.200 This flow also matches the split flow of the quadriceps femoris muscle 200 00:10:37.200 --> 00:10:41.600 And then again going up, the angle of the femoral neck 201 00:10:41.600 --> 00:10:44.170 Bends at the opposite angle to the knee 202 00:10:44.170 --> 00:10:47.170 Through this changing flow, the leg 203 00:10:47.170 --> 00:10:49.979 Creates a fun S-line 204 00:10:49.980 --> 00:10:51.859 The side is the same 205 00:10:51.860 --> 00:10:54.010 The leg that you might have thought would fall straight down 206 00:10:54.010 --> 00:10:58.300 While the massive thigh muscle, an extensor muscle, protrudes from the upper part 207 00:10:58.300 --> 00:11:00.650 In the calf is a pulling muscle 208 00:11:00.650 --> 00:11:03.779 which protrudes to the back and shows its presence 209 00:11:03.779 --> 00:11:07.099 This creates a true S-line 210 00:11:07.099 --> 00:11:10.049 If you know this flow, that would be a great help 211 00:11:10.049 --> 00:11:12.139 when you draw the outline 212 00:11:12.139 --> 00:11:13.989 Okay, now let's get into 213 00:11:13.989 --> 00:11:17.420 how each muscle in the leg is connected to the bone, 214 00:11:17.420 --> 00:11:20.370 How they exercise, and finally 215 00:11:20.370 --> 00:11:23.451 which line they fall in 216 00:11:23.451 --> 00:11:26.399 First, let's look at the muscles on the front of the thigh 217 00:11:26.399 --> 00:11:30.249 The main muscles are the quadriceps femoris and the sartorius muscle 218 00:11:30.249 --> 00:11:33.080 And then there's the adductor muscles 219 00:11:33.080 --> 00:11:37.160 First of all, let's talk about the quadriceps femoris muscle 220 00:11:37.160 --> 00:11:41.079 It's very sturdy 221 00:11:41.079 --> 00:11:44.879 The quadriceps femoris is activated when we sit down and stand up 222 00:11:44.879 --> 00:11:46.629 Also like when you climb stairs 223 00:11:46.629 --> 00:11:50.170 It plays a pivotal role in leg extension exercises 224 00:11:50.170 --> 00:11:53.720 This muscle is attached to the femur 225 00:11:53.720 --> 00:11:57.331 It is responsible for the extension movement of the knee joint 226 00:11:57.331 --> 00:11:59.258 As its name suggests, the quadriceps femoris 227 00:11:59.258 --> 00:12:01.329 consists of four muscles 228 00:12:01.329 --> 00:12:06.360 There are the vastus medialis and lateralis muscle on the left and right respectively 229 00:12:06.360 --> 00:12:10.570 The rectus femoris muscle crosses the middle of it 230 00:12:10.570 --> 00:12:13.451 If there are four branches, why do I only say three? 231 00:12:13.451 --> 00:12:17.611 The vastus intermedius muscle is hidden behind the rectus femoris 232 00:12:17.611 --> 00:12:22.040 This muscle is responsible for the presence of the front of the thigh 233 00:12:22.040 --> 00:12:25.640 As I mentioned earlier, due to the difference in height between the inside and the outside 234 00:12:25.640 --> 00:12:29.159 This is where the interesting diagonal flow is created 235 00:12:29.159 --> 00:12:32.309 When this muscle is developed, similar to the biceps and triceps of the arm 236 00:12:32.309 --> 00:12:35.481 It may give the impression of a muscular lower body 237 00:12:35.481 --> 00:12:39.131 Next, let's talk about 238 00:12:39.131 --> 00:12:40.720 the sartorius muscle 239 00:12:40.720 --> 00:12:45.701 The sartorius muscles is the thin, long muscle located on the inner thigh 240 00:12:45.701 --> 00:12:47.601 This muscle is slightly laterally 241 00:12:47.601 --> 00:12:50.420 curved to wrap around the thigh 242 00:12:50.420 --> 00:12:53.520 And it extends to the inside of the knee 243 00:12:53.520 --> 00:12:56.020 It is mainly responsible for the movement of 244 00:12:56.020 --> 00:13:00.209 bending the legs inward 245 00:13:00.209 --> 00:13:02.870 Guys, remember this muscle 246 00:13:02.870 --> 00:13:05.370 The sartorius muscle is one of the main points 247 00:13:05.370 --> 00:13:07.980 used to depict the thigh 248 00:13:07.980 --> 00:13:11.360 The adductor muscles are located inside this muscle 249 00:13:11.360 --> 00:13:15.840 There are several muscles on the lateral side that are extensors 250 00:13:15.840 --> 00:13:18.990 And also on the inner thigh contour 251 00:13:18.990 --> 00:13:23.721 The sartorius muscle plays a crucial role in holding the curve 252 00:13:23.721 --> 00:13:29.660 And inside the border, it has a relatively flat three-dimensional feel 253 00:13:29.660 --> 00:13:32.395 The outer side shows a sturdy and protruding shape 254 00:13:32.395 --> 00:13:36.020 of the quadriceps femoris muscle 255 00:13:36.020 --> 00:13:38.910 It shows the boundary between these two 256 00:13:38.910 --> 00:13:42.610 The muscles located on the inner side of the sartorius muscle are called 257 00:13:42.610 --> 00:13:45.420 the adductor group 258 00:13:45.420 --> 00:13:49.791 The adductor group is largely made up of four major muscles 259 00:13:49.791 --> 00:13:52.420 adductor magnus muscle, gracilis muscle, 260 00:13:52.420 --> 00:13:56.861 adductor brevis muscle and pectineus muscle are those 261 00:13:56.861 --> 00:14:00.679 This muscle group primarily performs leg-pull movements 262 00:14:00.680 --> 00:14:05.731 The part worth noting is the gracilis muscle 263 00:14:05.731 --> 00:14:09.931 Starting from the pubic bone of the pelvis, 264 00:14:09.931 --> 00:14:14.380 It goes inside the knee like the sartorius muscle 265 00:14:14.380 --> 00:14:18.670 This is the muscle that reveals its presence when the legs are spread 266 00:14:18.670 --> 00:14:23.400 Next, let's learn about the muscles on the side and back of the thigh 267 00:14:23.400 --> 00:14:26.671 The rectus femoris muscle, or hamstring 268 00:14:26.671 --> 00:14:31.070 is the main muscle that describes the back of the thigh 269 00:14:31.070 --> 00:14:34.691 It is a muscle that is mainly responsible for the flexion movement of the calf 270 00:14:34.691 --> 00:14:39.900 It consists of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles 271 00:14:39.900 --> 00:14:43.471 These muscles each originate from the ischial tuberosity 272 00:14:43.471 --> 00:14:48.310 Each is divided into the left and right calf joints and connected 273 00:14:48.310 --> 00:14:53.730 The combination of these muscles forms the hamstring at the ankle joint 274 00:14:53.730 --> 00:14:57.872 This part is sunken only with muscle 275 00:14:57.872 --> 00:15:00.415 By filling this with fat 276 00:15:00.415 --> 00:15:04.280 The hamstring that we know behind the knee is completed 277 00:15:04.280 --> 00:15:07.960 Now let's move on to the muscles on the side of the thigh 278 00:15:07.960 --> 00:15:14.520 Here are the tensor fasciae latae and the iliotibial band 279 00:15:14.520 --> 00:15:18.120 Also the small, middle, and large gluteus muscles 280 00:15:18.120 --> 00:15:21.560 That is, the gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and gluteus maximus muscles are located there 281 00:15:21.560 --> 00:15:24.280 Simply put, it's the buttock muscles 282 00:15:24.280 --> 00:15:26.920 It would be easier to understand it as the gluteal muscle 283 00:15:26.920 --> 00:15:29.120 Actually, this part, the gluteus maximus 284 00:15:29.120 --> 00:15:34.080 covers a wide area of ​​the buttocks 285 00:15:34.080 --> 00:15:37.680 so the rear area is also included rather than just the side 286 00:15:37.680 --> 00:15:41.480 These muscles are mainly used to spread the legs or stand, 287 00:15:41.480 --> 00:15:45.639 or to walk while maintaining that posture 288 00:15:45.639 --> 00:15:54.040 The iliotibial band binds the tensor fasciae latae and the gluteus maximus 289 00:15:54.040 --> 00:15:59.040 It is a band of muscles that provides volume to the sides and back of the pelvis 290 00:15:59.040 --> 00:16:02.540 This band has the quadriceps femoris muscle on the front 291 00:16:02.540 --> 00:16:04.990 In the back is the hamstrings 292 00:16:04.990 --> 00:16:07.040 which makes it the boudary of these two 293 00:16:07.040 --> 00:16:09.480 Now let's move to the back 294 00:16:09.480 --> 00:16:13.800 I mentioned the gluteus maximus a little while ago 295 00:16:13.800 --> 00:16:19.559 This is the muscle that depicts the protruding volume in the buttocks area 296 00:16:19.559 --> 00:16:22.480 I told you that the greater trochanter of the femur in men 297 00:16:22.480 --> 00:16:24.730 is what shapes the hollow part 298 00:16:24.730 --> 00:16:27.040 on the side of the thigh 299 00:16:27.040 --> 00:16:31.190 This point is where the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus 300 00:16:31.190 --> 00:16:33.839 gather to meet the fascia 301 00:16:33.839 --> 00:16:36.278 So it has a 302 00:16:36.278 --> 00:16:39.000 relatively sunken shape 303 00:16:39.000 --> 00:16:41.500 If you look at it with muscle on 304 00:16:41.500 --> 00:16:44.680 You can see that part definitely standing out 305 00:16:44.680 --> 00:16:48.320 Okay, now let's go down to the calves 306 00:16:48.320 --> 00:16:51.040 It is the frontal muscle of the calf 307 00:16:51.040 --> 00:16:53.840 This part consists of the anterior tibialis, the fibularis muscles, 308 00:16:53.840 --> 00:16:56.760 and the extensor digitorum muscle 309 00:16:56.760 --> 00:16:59.210 These muscles are mainly in charge of lifting the top of the foot 310 00:16:59.210 --> 00:17:01.559 and the toes 311 00:17:01.559 --> 00:17:03.559 The anterior tibialis starts just below the knee 312 00:17:03.559 --> 00:17:05.959 from the beginning of the tibia 313 00:17:05.959 --> 00:17:08.520 and falls towards the big toe 314 00:17:08.520 --> 00:17:12.420 And this muscle, along with the extensor digitorum 315 00:17:12.420 --> 00:17:16.479 Creates a gentle protrusion on the front of the calf 316 00:17:16.479 --> 00:17:20.879 At the same time, lifting the top of the foot activates this muscle 317 00:17:20.879 --> 00:17:23.759 The front of the calf becomes more prominent 318 00:17:23.759 --> 00:17:28.159 On the other hand, the fubularis is divided into three types 319 00:17:28.159 --> 00:17:30.600 which are fibularis longus, brevis, and tertitus 320 00:17:30.600 --> 00:17:33.720 All starting from the back of the tibia 321 00:17:33.720 --> 00:17:37.440 extend down the heel bone 322 00:17:37.440 --> 00:17:42.160 Lastly, the extensor digitorum also starts from the upper part of the tibia 323 00:17:42.160 --> 00:17:44.560 Each one sits towards the toes 324 00:17:44.560 --> 00:17:47.919 and performs its function when you spread your toes 325 00:17:47.919 --> 00:17:51.369 Like the sartorius muscle of the thigh, the front of the calf 326 00:17:51.369 --> 00:17:54.119 The tibia plays that role 327 00:17:54.119 --> 00:17:58.440 The inner side of the tibia is the extensor muscles of the toes, 328 00:17:58.440 --> 00:18:01.800 and the lateral side is where the flexor muscles are located 329 00:18:01.800 --> 00:18:05.000 Finally, let's look at the back muscles of the calf 330 00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:07.750 The main muscles are 331 00:18:07.750 --> 00:18:10.440 the triceps surae muscle 332 00:18:10.440 --> 00:18:14.790 A strong tendon runs from the end of those muscles to the heel 333 00:18:14.790 --> 00:18:17.039 is the calcaneal tendon 334 00:18:17.039 --> 00:18:19.320 The Achilles tendon is connected 335 00:18:19.320 --> 00:18:21.120 First of all, the triceps surae muscle 336 00:18:21.120 --> 00:18:24.639 are the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles 337 00:18:24.639 --> 00:18:29.080 It is separated like this and has two layers 338 00:18:29.080 --> 00:18:32.960 First, the soleus muscle is located in the inner layer below 339 00:18:32.960 --> 00:18:37.399 Above it, the gastrocnemius muscle wraps around it 340 00:18:37.399 --> 00:18:40.349 Also, a famous fascia at the end of the gastrocnemius muscle 341 00:18:40.349 --> 00:18:43.199 extends all the way to the heel 342 00:18:43.199 --> 00:18:45.520 It's the Achilles heel 343 00:18:45.520 --> 00:18:49.759 These tendons allow us to walk and run 344 00:18:49.759 --> 00:18:52.960 If you look closely, the inside is empty 345 00:18:52.960 --> 00:18:57.000 So it's filled with many blood vessels and flesh 346 00:18:57.000 --> 00:19:00.050 The two muscle masses split in this gastrocnemius muscle 347 00:19:00.050 --> 00:19:02.919 gives a great silhouette to the back of the calf 348 00:19:02.919 --> 00:19:05.819 The long Achilles tendon extending below it 349 00:19:05.819 --> 00:19:09.720 Adds a three-dimensional feel to the concave part of the ankle 350 00:19:09.720 --> 00:19:12.360 So far we have looked at the muscles of the legs 351 00:19:12.360 --> 00:19:16.760 Just like arms, legs are also made up of many different layers 352 00:19:16.760 --> 00:19:19.660 Now let's take another look at it these complex layers 353 00:19:19.660 --> 00:19:22.399 as a group 354 00:19:22.399 --> 00:19:25.239 First, let's look at the legs from the front 355 00:19:25.239 --> 00:19:27.841 From the front view, you can see the 356 00:19:27.841 --> 00:19:30.691 border beginning at the iliac crest 357 00:19:30.691 --> 00:19:32.871 connecting to the inguinal ligament 358 00:19:32.871 --> 00:19:37.271 As mentioned earlier, you could say that this boundary 359 00:19:37.271 --> 00:19:39.640 is the basic line that separates the legs and the torso 360 00:19:39.640 --> 00:19:42.079 This part is tied together 361 00:19:42.079 --> 00:19:45.529 In the thigh area, the sartorius muscle becomes the standard 362 00:19:45.529 --> 00:19:50.239 The border between the quadriceps femoris and the adductor muscles is clearly visible 363 00:19:50.239 --> 00:19:53.160 Let's lump these two areas together like this 364 00:19:53.160 --> 00:19:57.679 And on the outermost front and back 365 00:19:57.679 --> 00:20:01.679 The tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus are tied together 366 00:20:01.679 --> 00:20:05.160 to form the iliotibial band 367 00:20:05.160 --> 00:20:07.880 This is the muscle that lifts the leg to the side 368 00:20:07.880 --> 00:20:10.839 So it's on the outside 369 00:20:10.839 --> 00:20:14.760 Let's look at this muscle group again 370 00:20:14.760 --> 00:20:17.260 I have already explained a lot about the knee area before 371 00:20:17.260 --> 00:20:20.559 Let's move on by grouping them together 372 00:20:20.559 --> 00:20:24.600 If you go towards the calf, the tibia becomes the standard 373 00:20:24.600 --> 00:20:28.100 In the case of the front, in the inside is the triceps surae muscle 374 00:20:28.100 --> 00:20:30.239 mainly located at the back 375 00:20:30.239 --> 00:20:31.559 It's a group 376 00:20:31.559 --> 00:20:34.696 And on the side, there are the ankle 377 00:20:34.696 --> 00:20:36.000 and toe extensor muscles 378 00:20:36.000 --> 00:20:37.839 This is also one group 379 00:20:37.839 --> 00:20:39.239 Let's look at the back 380 00:20:39.239 --> 00:20:42.359 The first thing that stands out is the gluteus muscles 381 00:20:42.359 --> 00:20:43.600 It's a group 382 00:20:43.600 --> 00:20:46.950 Below that are the hamstrings 383 00:20:46.950 --> 00:20:48.959 which come down to the popliteal fossa 384 00:20:48.959 --> 00:20:50.359 This is also one group 385 00:20:50.359 --> 00:20:54.440 You didn't forget the iliotibial band on the side, right? 386 00:20:54.440 --> 00:20:56.559 Already included in a group 387 00:20:56.559 --> 00:20:58.440 And inside 388 00:20:58.440 --> 00:21:02.440 The adductor muscles on the inside and the triceps femoris below it 389 00:21:02.440 --> 00:21:05.160 were also grouped already 390 00:21:05.160 --> 00:21:07.239 Below that is the popliteal fossa 391 00:21:07.239 --> 00:21:08.720 Going down 392 00:21:08.720 --> 00:21:12.799 There is also triceps surae muscle group 393 00:21:12.799 --> 00:21:15.399 Okay, now we've divided all the areas 394 00:21:15.399 --> 00:21:17.679 Based on these areas 395 00:21:17.679 --> 00:21:19.629 I think you can see the leg area 396 00:21:19.629 --> 00:21:21.959 a little more easily 397 00:21:21.959 --> 00:21:24.559 So far we have covered all the anatomy of the leg 398 00:21:24.559 --> 00:21:25.920 Thank you for your hard work 399 00:21:25.920 --> 00:21:27.679 Now it's time to move on to the feet 400 00:21:27.679 --> 00:21:30.029 Before that, like the carrying angle, 401 00:21:30.029 --> 00:21:32.480 Did you know that there are differences in the leg based on gender? 402 00:21:32.480 --> 00:21:34.630 The Q angle of the leg or 403 00:21:34.630 --> 00:21:38.799 the quadriceps angle 404 00:21:38.799 --> 00:21:42.320 Strictly speaking, it refers to the difference in angle between men and women 405 00:21:42.320 --> 00:21:45.420 This angle is an important anatomical point that deals with the degree 406 00:21:45.420 --> 00:21:47.440 to which the femur and knee are bent 407 00:21:47.440 --> 00:21:50.279 It is mainly understood based on the quadriceps femoris muscle 408 00:21:50.279 --> 00:21:54.559 The English initials of that muscle are taken to call it the Q angle 409 00:21:54.559 --> 00:21:56.409 This angle also caused by the difference in size and shape of 410 00:21:56.409 --> 00:21:58.679 the pelvis of men and women 411 00:21:58.679 --> 00:22:00.779 Because of women's wide pelvis 412 00:22:00.779 --> 00:22:04.760 The femurs are spread apart more in women than in men 413 00:22:04.760 --> 00:22:08.519 However, the position of the knees does not differ much between men and women 414 00:22:08.519 --> 00:22:12.040 This is where the difference in angles comes into play 415 00:22:12.040 --> 00:22:15.390 For men, the fall is relatively straight from the pelvis 416 00:22:15.390 --> 00:22:17.440 having an 11-character shape 417 00:22:17.440 --> 00:22:19.790 For women, because the bending of the femur 418 00:22:19.790 --> 00:22:22.200 down to the knees is large 419 00:22:22.200 --> 00:22:24.760 It will show a Y shape 420 00:22:24.760 --> 00:22:26.710 In a standing position, the Q angle of a woman is usually 421 00:22:26.710 --> 00:22:29.679 around 15 to 20 degrees 422 00:22:29.679 --> 00:22:33.200 Men are said to show around 10 to 15 degrees 423 00:22:33.200 --> 00:22:35.700 Due to this Q angle, women often appears as a shape with legs together 424 00:22:35.700 --> 00:22:39.600 compared to men 425 00:22:39.600 --> 00:22:41.600 The interesting part is the Q angle's 426 00:22:41.600 --> 00:22:44.959 Effects on leg joint movement 427 00:22:44.959 --> 00:22:49.399 As you can see, men fold their legs closer together in a straight line 428 00:22:49.399 --> 00:22:52.099 Women have calves that go to the outer thighs 429 00:22:52.099 --> 00:22:54.760 So you can see the tendency to go out 430 00:22:54.760 --> 00:22:57.160 In this case, in terms of efficient transmission of power 431 00:22:57.160 --> 00:23:00.119 Women are at a disadvantage 432 00:23:00.119 --> 00:23:02.369 Because the legs move in a direction that deviates 433 00:23:02.369 --> 00:23:03.959 from the direction they want to go 434 00:23:03.959 --> 00:23:06.959 You can see this difference even when you do squats 435 00:23:06.959 --> 00:23:10.600 Men have a relatively small Q angle when doing squats 436 00:23:10.600 --> 00:23:14.239 So stable exercise of the quadriceps femoris is possible 437 00:23:14.239 --> 00:23:16.739 On the other hand, in the case of women, due to the Q angle 438 00:23:16.739 --> 00:23:18.880 To do a straight squat 439 00:23:18.880 --> 00:23:21.330 The knee receives more force from the outside 440 00:23:21.330 --> 00:23:23.040 which will make them face difficulties 441 00:23:23.040 --> 00:23:26.119 This Q angle also creates differences in the poses of men and women 442 00:23:26.119 --> 00:23:28.869 Especially for women, when running or standing 443 00:23:28.869 --> 00:23:31.369 There are many cases of posing 444 00:23:31.369 --> 00:23:33.719 with the thighs together and calves turned outward 445 00:23:33.719 --> 00:23:35.769 Sitting in a W position 446 00:23:35.769 --> 00:23:38.400 is also used as a pose of women sitting 447 00:23:38.400 --> 00:23:41.479 This Q angle, similar to carrying angle 448 00:23:41.479 --> 00:23:44.159 I guess you could say it's a depiction point based on biological differences 449 00:23:44.981 --> 00:23:52.713 Shape of the foot 450 00:23:53.080 --> 00:23:55.919 Okay, now it's the last stop of real anatomy 451 00:23:55.919 --> 00:23:57.400 Foot 452 00:23:57.400 --> 00:23:58.840 Let's take a look at the feet 453 00:23:58.840 --> 00:24:02.280 Feet are the part that we really don't draw much 454 00:24:02.280 --> 00:24:06.280 When drawing a full body, most people wear shoes 455 00:24:06.280 --> 00:24:11.840 Even though they are barefoot characters, they are often captured from far away 456 00:24:11.840 --> 00:24:14.960 Detailed descriptions of feet are often abbreviated 457 00:24:14.960 --> 00:24:18.880 Out of sight, out of mind, that's it 458 00:24:18.880 --> 00:24:20.930 It's familiar to us, but 459 00:24:20.930 --> 00:24:24.320 feet are not at all friendly for drawing 460 00:24:24.320 --> 00:24:26.119 The shape of the foot is so complex 461 00:24:26.119 --> 00:24:29.760 because our feet bear the weight of our body 462 00:24:29.760 --> 00:24:34.760 and because not only the function of standing upright but also walking, 463 00:24:34.760 --> 00:24:37.110 a difficult task on a completely different level from that of quadruped animals, 464 00:24:37.110 --> 00:24:38.880 is given to it 465 00:24:38.880 --> 00:24:41.980 Basically, tt will be easy to understand if you look at the shape of the foot 466 00:24:41.980 --> 00:24:43.960 as a complex arch shape 467 00:24:43.960 --> 00:24:46.760 The front part has toes 468 00:24:46.760 --> 00:24:51.479 The outside of the foot touches the ground in an arch-like shape, then a dome-like shape 469 00:24:51.479 --> 00:24:54.960 And a heel at the back 470 00:24:54.960 --> 00:24:56.660 How did it turn out like this? 471 00:24:56.660 --> 00:24:58.719 Let's go into more detail 472 00:24:58.719 --> 00:25:01.080 Memorization will also become easier 473 00:25:01.080 --> 00:25:03.320 We are animals that walk on two feet 474 00:25:03.320 --> 00:25:04.920 If you just stand there 475 00:25:04.920 --> 00:25:08.200 Flat feet wouldn't be bad either 476 00:25:08.200 --> 00:25:12.640 But the problem lies in walking and running 477 00:25:12.640 --> 00:25:16.320 The ground we move on isn't just flat 478 00:25:16.320 --> 00:25:19.640 It's full of all kinds of difficult obstacles and slopes 479 00:25:19.640 --> 00:25:21.640 In such cases, flat feet rather 480 00:25:21.640 --> 00:25:23.390 give us trouble to deal with various types 481 00:25:23.390 --> 00:25:25.640 of surfaces 482 00:25:25.640 --> 00:25:27.290 So we have an arch shaped 483 00:25:27.290 --> 00:25:29.640 miraculous design that we evolved into 484 00:25:29.640 --> 00:25:31.290 By evolving in this way, 485 00:25:31.290 --> 00:25:34.239 Not only can we respond to various surfaces, 486 00:25:34.239 --> 00:25:35.889 Due to the nature of the arch structure 487 00:25:35.889 --> 00:25:39.559 we also get additional spring-like jumping power 488 00:25:39.559 --> 00:25:41.599 It's commonly called flat feet 489 00:25:41.599 --> 00:25:44.159 It's not for nothing that these people have a hard time running 490 00:25:44.159 --> 00:25:46.309 There are all these ergonomic reasons for this 491 00:25:46.309 --> 00:25:48.479 It's actually hard to run 492 00:25:48.479 --> 00:25:51.039 And for a stable upright position 493 00:25:51.039 --> 00:25:56.520 The outer part evolves into a semi-dome shape that touches the ground 494 00:25:56.520 --> 00:25:59.640 As the area touching the ground on the sides increases, 495 00:25:59.640 --> 00:26:01.240 When standing on two feet 496 00:26:01.240 --> 00:26:03.760 we have become able to stand without shaking 497 00:26:03.760 --> 00:26:08.080 The shape of the arch is the same even when viewed from the front 498 00:26:08.080 --> 00:26:10.479 The toes will stick along this line 499 00:26:10.479 --> 00:26:12.080 And the heel 500 00:26:12.080 --> 00:26:15.080 As the feet are in a forward position overall, 501 00:26:15.080 --> 00:26:17.320 we need something to support it 502 00:26:17.320 --> 00:26:19.440 That's the heel 503 00:26:19.440 --> 00:26:22.599 Although it is in charge of the back of the arch 504 00:26:22.599 --> 00:26:25.549 When drawing a standing foot, the stability of the entire foot 505 00:26:25.549 --> 00:26:27.760 lies here 506 00:26:27.760 --> 00:26:30.310 So I actually tend to draw 507 00:26:30.310 --> 00:26:32.440 the degree of protrusion of the heel from the ankle 508 00:26:32.440 --> 00:26:35.359 a little more exaggerated than it actually is 509 00:26:35.359 --> 00:26:37.059 The heel is like this at the back of the foot 510 00:26:37.059 --> 00:26:39.320 It is in the area that is tilted to the side 511 00:26:39.320 --> 00:26:40.719 Now the toes 512 00:26:40.719 --> 00:26:42.519 It is also the area that needs to support our center of gravity 513 00:26:42.519 --> 00:26:45.200 the most when we stand upright, too 514 00:26:45.200 --> 00:26:48.200 First of all, how should we draw the toes themselves? 515 00:26:48.200 --> 00:26:53.039 Do you remember the last joint of your finger on the arm? 516 00:26:53.039 --> 00:26:55.805 The toes will be easier to understand 517 00:26:55.805 --> 00:26:57.640 if you think the last joint of the fingers 518 00:26:57.640 --> 00:27:00.200 are cut off and pasted 519 00:27:00.200 --> 00:27:03.679 However, toenails are smaller than fingernails 520 00:27:03.679 --> 00:27:05.880 Keep that part in mind a little more 521 00:27:05.880 --> 00:27:08.159 For the big toe 522 00:27:08.159 --> 00:27:09.709 Compared to the other four toes 523 00:27:09.709 --> 00:27:12.919 I think it would be better to draw it much bigger and with more volume 524 00:27:12.919 --> 00:27:16.359 Next, let's look at the flow of the toe positions 525 00:27:16.359 --> 00:27:20.440 I said that the flow of the toes when viewed from the front is in the shape of an arch 526 00:27:20.440 --> 00:27:24.280 So what about the flow of the toes seen from above? 527 00:27:24.280 --> 00:27:27.080 S-line including the big toe 528 00:27:27.080 --> 00:27:30.919 and the branches that extend out along the flow become your four toes 529 00:27:30.919 --> 00:27:35.080 If you look at this flow, you can see the overall line of the foot 530 00:27:35.080 --> 00:27:38.479 The heel is tilted to the side 531 00:27:38.479 --> 00:27:43.320 The void in the arch, and the flow of the toes 532 00:27:43.320 --> 00:27:46.359 We have been looking at the movement of the feet so far 533 00:27:46.359 --> 00:27:49.640 How is it? Isn't the movement really amazing? 534 00:27:49.640 --> 00:27:52.080 As I mentioned earlier, in the case of feet 535 00:27:52.080 --> 00:27:55.520 I won't go into specifics about bones and muscles 536 00:27:55.520 --> 00:27:58.080 Let me explain the necessary parts 537 00:27:58.080 --> 00:28:00.400 by explaining several examples 538 00:28:00.400 --> 00:28:03.799 First, here is the foot from the side, viewed from the inside 539 00:28:03.799 --> 00:28:06.440 It moves forward from the ankle to the instep 540 00:28:06.440 --> 00:28:08.640 And then there's the big toe 541 00:28:08.640 --> 00:28:11.119 At this angle, if you draw up to the big toe, 542 00:28:11.119 --> 00:28:13.599 You can consider it almost finished 543 00:28:13.599 --> 00:28:15.760 The heel also sticks out 544 00:28:15.760 --> 00:28:17.799 This concave part is 545 00:28:17.799 --> 00:28:20.679 the empty space where the Achilles tendon passes, 546 00:28:20.679 --> 00:28:23.520 a heel tendon descending from the gastrocnemius muscle 547 00:28:23.520 --> 00:28:26.214 The contour of the sole 548 00:28:26.214 --> 00:28:28.080 is a hollow arch 549 00:28:28.080 --> 00:28:31.119 There is a curve where the adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis muscles 550 00:28:31.119 --> 00:28:33.039 combine in the big toe 551 00:28:33.039 --> 00:28:37.559 There is also a protruding curvature of the plantar tendon at the heel 552 00:28:37.559 --> 00:28:40.640 In between, a concave arch is created 553 00:28:40.640 --> 00:28:43.080 This is the foot viewed from the outside 554 00:28:43.080 --> 00:28:45.119 The overall silhouette is the same, right? 555 00:28:45.119 --> 00:28:47.719 However, since it is the sole that supports the ground, 556 00:28:47.719 --> 00:28:51.400 The sole of the foot takes on a flatter appearance than the inside 557 00:28:51.400 --> 00:28:53.479 And starting from the little toe 558 00:28:53.479 --> 00:28:56.479 You have to draw the overlapping toes up to the big toe 559 00:28:56.479 --> 00:28:59.559 The depiction of the Achilles tendon on the heel is still there 560 00:28:59.559 --> 00:29:02.400 I've covered everything about the lower body 561 00:29:02.400 --> 00:29:05.919 It was a simpler structure than the arm, but it was by no means easy 562 00:29:05.919 --> 00:29:09.359 You've all worked really hard so far 563 00:29:09.359 --> 00:29:12.559 Next time is finally the last lecture 564 00:29:12.559 --> 00:29:14.840 Let's take some time to assemble each part of the body 565 00:29:14.840 --> 00:29:17.559 we have looked at so far 566 00:29:17.559 --> 00:29:22.200 And at the same time, we will look at several other tips 567 00:29:22.200 --> 00:29:24.039 Thank you for your hard work 568 00:29:24.039 --> 00:29:24.782 Thank you 569 00:29:25.714 --> 00:29:27.814 Bones and muscles of the leg The femur is large because it supports the weight of the upper body and is responsible for movement of the lower body 570 00:29:27.814 --> 00:29:29.814 The tibia is mostly exposed at the front of the calf Though thin, it helps distribute the load 571 00:29:29.814 --> 00:29:31.814 The malleolus protrudes on both sides of the joint The kneecap sits in the joint space, surrounded by the femur and tibia 572 00:29:31.814 --> 00:29:34.014 The quadriceps femoris muscle of the leg attaches to the femur and is responsible for flexing the knee joint 573 00:29:34.014 --> 00:29:36.164 The sartorius muscle is a thin, long inner thigh muscle that shapes the thigh contour and divides the adductor area 574 00:29:36.164 --> 00:29:38.314 The hamstrings flex the calf and shape the thigh’s back The iliotibial band links muscles, adding volume to the pelvis 575 00:29:38.314 --> 00:29:40.511 Front calf muscles: tibialis anterior, posterior, extensor digitorum Back calf muscles: triceps surae muscle linked to Achilles tendon 576 00:29:40.511 --> 00:29:48.011 For stable standing, the foot forms an arch or dome, with the heel providing overall stability 577 00:29:48.011 --> 00:29:55.526 The heel tilts laterally at the back, while the toes form an arch, following an S-line flow from the big toe