WEBVTT 1 00:00:03.691 --> 00:00:09.688 Webtoon Advanced Structural Understanding of the Chest and Back 2 00:00:09.688 --> 00:00:12.602 GCC Academy 3 00:00:24.827 --> 00:00:27.002 Hello, I am Webtoon artist Uksoo 4 00:00:27.178 --> 00:00:31.000 The topic we will be discussing today is the anatomy of the torso 5 00:00:31.000 --> 00:00:32.617 There is a saying I like 6 00:00:32.871 --> 00:00:34.420 The background speaks as well 7 00:00:34.805 --> 00:00:38.229 A background scene alone can convey various emotions 8 00:00:38.607 --> 00:00:40.397 So, what about body movements? 9 00:00:40.518 --> 00:00:43.164 Gestures themselves convey a great deal of information 10 00:00:43.239 --> 00:00:44.696 Take a look at this illustration 11 00:00:44.915 --> 00:00:50.009 This comes from a scene in TOON by artist Boichi 12 00:00:50.248 --> 00:00:53.000 In the scene, a great artist 13 00:00:53.000 --> 00:00:57.000 quickly sketches this line and asks 14 00:00:57.000 --> 00:00:59.613 the aspiring comic artist protagonist what it looks like 15 00:00:59.839 --> 00:01:01.530 What do you think it looks like? 16 00:01:01.789 --> 00:01:03.000 Yes, that's correct 17 00:01:03.000 --> 00:01:04.479 It is the silhouette of an arm 18 00:01:04.815 --> 00:01:07.000 Given the delicate lines, 19 00:01:07.000 --> 00:01:08.687 it is likely a woman's arm 20 00:01:08.827 --> 00:01:10.288 Now, here is how it looks internally 21 00:01:10.717 --> 00:01:14.132 Even when drawing just the outline of an arm, 22 00:01:14.132 --> 00:01:17.294 knowledge of anatomy makes a significant difference 23 00:01:17.635 --> 00:01:20.293 Before we dive into the lesson, 24 00:01:20.307 --> 00:01:24.008 let’s briefly go over the names of bones and muscles 25 00:01:24.370 --> 00:01:26.363 In the past, anatomical terms were often written in Chinese characters 26 00:01:26.827 --> 00:01:29.869 A well-known example is the trapezius muscle 27 00:01:30.409 --> 00:01:32.692 It is the muscle that gives prominence to the neck 28 00:01:33.214 --> 00:01:37.049 However, the official term has now changed to triangular back muscle in Korean 29 00:01:37.272 --> 00:01:40.945 As the name suggests, it describes a triangular shape on the back 30 00:01:41.163 --> 00:01:44.901 I will try to use both names where appropriate 31 00:01:45.192 --> 00:01:48.858 But I will primarily use Korean terms whenever possible 32 00:01:49.282 --> 00:01:52.071 That said, familiar names like trapezius 33 00:01:52.071 --> 00:01:54.758 might occasionally slip out 34 00:01:55.108 --> 00:01:59.303 The Bones and Muscles of the Torso 35 00:01:59.608 --> 00:02:01.271 Now, let’s first 36 00:02:01.846 --> 00:02:04.943 divide the body into different skeletal regions 37 00:02:05.464 --> 00:02:09.262 The human body consists of a total of 206 bones 38 00:02:09.632 --> 00:02:11.013 That’s quite an impressive number 39 00:02:11.534 --> 00:02:13.430 First, we categorize the skull, 40 00:02:13.877 --> 00:02:14.672 spine, 41 00:02:14.884 --> 00:02:16.721 and ribcage as part of the torso 42 00:02:17.358 --> 00:02:19.390 Then, the shoulders, collarbone, 43 00:02:19.390 --> 00:02:21.690 upper arms, and forearms are the arm bones 44 00:02:22.057 --> 00:02:26.548 The pelvis, thighs, and shins are leg bones 45 00:02:26.846 --> 00:02:29.314 But the shoulders, collarbone, 46 00:02:29.314 --> 00:02:32.586 and pelvis are technically part of the limbs 47 00:02:33.000 --> 00:02:35.000 We will discuss them today 48 00:02:35.000 --> 00:02:37.136 because they are 49 00:02:37.651 --> 00:02:40.414 key connection points to the torso 50 00:02:40.822 --> 00:02:43.445 Now, let’s examine the bones of the torso 51 00:02:43.947 --> 00:02:47.977 The primary components include the spine, ribcage, and pelvis 52 00:02:48.666 --> 00:02:51.798 The collarbone and shoulder blades are secondary but significant elements 53 00:02:52.135 --> 00:02:57.443 We will explore how these bones affect the body's outline and muscle movement 54 00:02:57.443 --> 00:02:59.600 Then, we will move on to the muscles of the torso, 55 00:02:59.600 --> 00:03:03.461 examining how they attach and function 56 00:03:03.976 --> 00:03:05.271 Finally, 57 00:03:05.271 --> 00:03:07.429 we go to the torso 58 00:03:08.087 --> 00:03:10.532 We will look at practical examples of torso poses 59 00:03:10.532 --> 00:03:13.541 and analyze how muscle lines appear in different positions 60 00:03:14.350 --> 00:03:17.284 Let’s begin with the spine 61 00:03:17.861 --> 00:03:23.300 The term spine actually refers to an individual vertebra 62 00:03:23.672 --> 00:03:26.358 The proper term for the structure as a whole is vertebral column 63 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:29.733 However, since spine is more commonly used, 64 00:03:29.951 --> 00:03:32.684 we will stick with that term 65 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:34.797 As the saying goes, all roads lead to Seoul 66 00:03:35.041 --> 00:03:39.000 The spine acts as a bridge connecting the head to the torso 67 00:03:39.000 --> 00:03:43.000 and serves as a pillar that supports the body's internal organs 68 00:03:43.879 --> 00:03:45.456 It is divided into three main sections 69 00:03:45.697 --> 00:03:50.407 The first seven vertebrae make up the cervical spine 70 00:03:50.899 --> 00:03:55.771 The next 12 vertebrae, from the eighth 71 00:03:55.785 --> 00:03:57.693 to the 19th, form the thoracic spine 72 00:03:58.510 --> 00:04:00.526 This section is where the ribcage is attached 73 00:04:01.372 --> 00:04:03.864 Finally, the last 74 00:04:04.291 --> 00:04:08.751 five vertebrae, from the 19th to the 24th, make up the lumbar spine 75 00:04:09.000 --> 00:04:13.000 Considering that the lumbar spine bears the most weight while maintaining flexibility, 76 00:04:13.000 --> 00:04:15.735 it is surprising that it consists of only five vertebrae 77 00:04:16.349 --> 00:04:18.367 It has even fewer bones than the neck 78 00:04:19.000 --> 00:04:23.321 One key characteristic of the spine is its S-curve 79 00:04:23.773 --> 00:04:24.700 See here 80 00:04:25.000 --> 00:04:26.110 The neck, 81 00:04:27.233 --> 00:04:28.398 the upper back, 82 00:04:29.000 --> 00:04:31.931 and the lower back, each forming a slight C-shape 83 00:04:32.396 --> 00:04:33.924 So we have three parts 84 00:04:34.257 --> 00:04:37.759 that create a smooth S-curve as a whole 85 00:04:38.418 --> 00:04:40.040 Here’s something to note about the ribcage 86 00:04:40.448 --> 00:04:45.043 Its inward curve causes 87 00:04:45.045 --> 00:04:47.909 the thoracic spine to arch backward 88 00:04:47.909 --> 00:04:52.116 Then, the rest compensates by bending in the opposite direction 89 00:04:52.801 --> 00:04:56.474 From the thoracic to the lumbar spine, the dominant structure is the fascia 90 00:04:56.482 --> 00:04:57.500 Remember? 91 00:04:58.024 --> 00:04:59.215 The fascia and tendons 92 00:04:59.652 --> 00:05:02.490 They do not grow larger with training 93 00:05:02.964 --> 00:05:05.642 Because of this, the contours of the bones are clearly visible in this region 94 00:05:06.729 --> 00:05:08.192 This creates key anatomical landmarks along the back 95 00:05:09.121 --> 00:05:10.516 Next is the ribcage 96 00:05:10.690 --> 00:05:12.948 The ribcage protects internal organs, 97 00:05:12.948 --> 00:05:15.195 is closely linked to the chest muscles, 98 00:05:15.712 --> 00:05:19.156 and connects to the collarbone and upper arm bones 99 00:05:19.609 --> 00:05:22.281 So arm movement also influences the shape of the chest 100 00:05:22.970 --> 00:05:30.552 The basic shape of the ribcage resembles an upright egg 101 00:05:31.106 --> 00:05:32.775 The inside of the ribcage 102 00:05:33.629 --> 00:05:36.870 cannot simply isolate the organs 103 00:05:36.870 --> 00:05:40.806 It also needs to allow for forward and backward bending 104 00:05:41.234 --> 00:05:44.734 Because of this, the interior is hollow 105 00:05:47.279 --> 00:05:51.148 From the side, its egg-like shape becomes even more apparent 106 00:05:52.672 --> 00:05:57.572 A hollow ribcage alone would not be sufficient to contain the internal organs 107 00:05:58.031 --> 00:05:58.954 For this reason, 108 00:05:58.954 --> 00:06:01.395 the rectus abdominis, 109 00:06:01.395 --> 00:06:08.161 or abdominal straight muscle, provides a firm layer of protection for the internal organs 110 00:06:08.649 --> 00:06:11.356 The sternum, or breastbone, is also an essential structure 111 00:06:12.325 --> 00:06:15.874 It is the tie-shaped bone in the center of the ribcage 112 00:06:17.000 --> 00:06:19.700 This bone connects to the clavicle, 113 00:06:19.700 --> 00:06:22.505 serving as a crucial link between the torso and the arms 114 00:06:23.252 --> 00:06:26.378 You may have heard the expression, my chest is about to burst with frustration 115 00:06:26.643 --> 00:06:30.093 We tend to beat their chests when feeling overwhelmed, 116 00:06:30.463 --> 00:06:34.155 which makes this an accurate description, given the sternum’s location 117 00:06:34.542 --> 00:06:37.000 Earlier, I mentioned featured bones, right? 118 00:06:37.230 --> 00:06:39.753 Those are the clavicle and scapula 119 00:06:40.355 --> 00:06:42.764 We will cover these in more detail in the next session, 120 00:06:42.764 --> 00:06:46.163 but for now, focus on how the clavicle 121 00:06:46.163 --> 00:06:47.863 is attached to the sternum 122 00:06:48.393 --> 00:06:49.523 This breastbone 123 00:06:49.612 --> 00:06:55.602 The clavicle clicks into place right at this central connection point 124 00:06:56.088 --> 00:06:58.799 Beneath it, the large pectoralis major muscle 125 00:06:58.802 --> 00:07:03.000 extends along the clavicle 126 00:07:03.000 --> 00:07:08.745 and continues along the sternum 127 00:07:08.755 --> 00:07:10.476 Understanding this attachment will help you with proportions 128 00:07:11.275 --> 00:07:13.790 One key characteristic of the clavicle 129 00:07:14.098 --> 00:07:18.232 is its role as a reference point for the torso, 130 00:07:19.000 --> 00:07:21.677 just as we used cross guidelines when drawing faces 131 00:07:23.873 --> 00:07:26.376 The clavicle serves as a structural guideline 132 00:07:26.379 --> 00:07:28.602 for proportioning the chest in various angles 133 00:07:28.602 --> 00:07:30.339 That will make it easier to draw it 134 00:07:30.793 --> 00:07:33.412 Its shape is somewhat like bicycle handlebars 135 00:07:33.957 --> 00:07:37.000 Now, let’s briefly look at the scapula, 136 00:07:37.000 --> 00:07:38.405 the next featured bone 137 00:07:38.666 --> 00:07:41.211 The scapula is positioned on the back of the torso 138 00:07:42.304 --> 00:07:43.794 It connects with the trapezius muscle, 139 00:07:43.794 --> 00:07:46.505 also known as the triangular back muscle 140 00:07:47.551 --> 00:07:51.358 This muscle is anchored to this part of the scapula 141 00:07:52.320 --> 00:07:55.181 This ridge on the scapula is known as the scapular spine 142 00:07:55.800 --> 00:07:59.646 It serves as a firm attachment point for the trapezius muscle 143 00:08:00.365 --> 00:08:03.130 The trapezius extends along this ridge, 144 00:08:03.753 --> 00:08:10.671 connecting securely to the scapula 145 00:08:12.381 --> 00:08:15.518 For now, just keeping this in mind should be enough 146 00:08:16.420 --> 00:08:18.676 The pelvis connects the legs to the upper body 147 00:08:18.679 --> 00:08:20.527 while also providing crucial support 148 00:08:20.527 --> 00:08:22.044 to prevent internal organs from collapsing 149 00:08:22.954 --> 00:08:25.000 It is one of the trickiest 150 00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:28.473 bones to visualize in the mind, in my opinion 151 00:08:29.769 --> 00:08:32.455 There is also a distinct difference in shape between male and female pelvises 152 00:08:32.858 --> 00:08:37.790 Fundamentally, the pelvis serves as a structural support for the internal organs 153 00:08:38.720 --> 00:08:41.000 It is tilted at a particular angle, 154 00:08:41.595 --> 00:08:44.000 giving it a basin-like shape 155 00:08:45.132 --> 00:08:47.673 However, this basin must not be completely sealed off 156 00:08:48.615 --> 00:08:50.064 The body must expel waste, 157 00:08:50.064 --> 00:08:54.114 and various muscles, nerves, and blood vessels must also pass through 158 00:08:54.623 --> 00:08:57.796 For this reason, the bottom of the pelvis is open 159 00:08:58.084 --> 00:09:02.456 The pelvis is connected to the lower end of the spine by the sacrum, 160 00:09:02.456 --> 00:09:03.482 which is also called the sacral bone 161 00:09:03.730 --> 00:09:06.556 Structurally, the pelvis can be divided into three main sections 162 00:09:06.820 --> 00:09:11.836 The ilium, the broad, wing-like part of the pelvis 163 00:09:12.104 --> 00:09:13.194 The pubis is at the front 164 00:09:13.605 --> 00:09:16.422 And the ischium is positioned at the back 165 00:09:16.818 --> 00:09:18.310 And the hip bones, 166 00:09:18.668 --> 00:09:21.828 the pubic and sitting bone, respectively 167 00:09:22.443 --> 00:09:23.706 Those are the two 168 00:09:24.069 --> 00:09:28.309 You can see how the ilium supports the internal organs 169 00:09:29.000 --> 00:09:31.432 So what role do the pubis and ischium serve? 170 00:09:32.376 --> 00:09:35.365 In quadrupedal animals like dogs and cats, 171 00:09:35.365 --> 00:09:37.898 when they sit, their abdomen rests on the ground 172 00:09:38.036 --> 00:09:41.731 Because of this, their internal organs are supported by the surface beneath them 173 00:09:41.907 --> 00:09:46.670 Since their upper body weight is spread over a broad area, the pressure isn’t as significant 174 00:09:47.464 --> 00:09:49.791 However, humans sit with only their buttocks touching the ground 175 00:09:50.526 --> 00:09:53.384 This means that all upper body weight is concentrated in this area, 176 00:09:53.384 --> 00:09:55.404 requiring additional structural support 177 00:09:55.645 --> 00:09:59.697 That’s where the pubis and ischium come in 178 00:10:00.325 --> 00:10:05.168 The pubis is the attachment point for the inguinal ligament, connecting the abdomen to the legs 179 00:10:05.441 --> 00:10:09.000 This line extends from the ilium 180 00:10:10.852 --> 00:10:13.000 to the pubic bone 181 00:10:14.144 --> 00:10:16.068 It will appear frequently in future discussions 182 00:10:16.068 --> 00:10:20.364 The inguinal ligament is a key structural landmark when drawing the lower body 183 00:10:20.812 --> 00:10:21.838 We will cover it in more detail later 184 00:10:23.124 --> 00:10:25.857 Now, let’s take another look at the entire skeletal structure 185 00:10:26.674 --> 00:10:27.200 How is it? 186 00:10:27.201 --> 00:10:28.331 Does it look a bit different now? 187 00:10:29.000 --> 00:10:30.306 Let's summarize 188 00:10:30.654 --> 00:10:33.769 The spine follows an S-curve 189 00:10:35.472 --> 00:10:39.510 The ribcage has an upright egg shape 190 00:10:39.757 --> 00:10:41.000 The sternum 191 00:10:43.349 --> 00:10:47.306 resembles a tie in both shape and position 192 00:10:47.717 --> 00:10:52.299 Above it, the clavicle 193 00:10:57.209 --> 00:11:00.385 is securely connected 194 00:11:00.682 --> 00:11:02.995 The clavicle serves as a reference line for the torso 195 00:11:03.514 --> 00:11:10.086 The pelvis has a basin-like structure 196 00:11:14.648 --> 00:11:18.227 And the inguinal ligament forms a key dividing line 197 00:11:20.520 --> 00:11:23.596 between the torso and the legs 198 00:11:24.899 --> 00:11:26.672 That’s all for bones 199 00:11:26.685 --> 00:11:28.379 Now, let’s move on to muscles 200 00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:31.000 Wow, this is getting complicated 201 00:11:31.440 --> 00:11:33.253 But actually, what you see here 202 00:11:33.360 --> 00:11:37.113 is just the surface layer of muscles 203 00:11:37.725 --> 00:11:41.417 Muscles are layered, at least two, sometimes up to four or five layers deep 204 00:11:42.111 --> 00:11:44.670 This intricate layering evolved 205 00:11:44.984 --> 00:11:46.634 to allow for complex movement 206 00:11:47.525 --> 00:11:49.582 But we’re not going to dive into every detail 207 00:11:49.777 --> 00:11:52.416 To understand why the body's contours appear as they do, 208 00:11:52.419 --> 00:11:54.184 you don’t need to memorize every single muscle 209 00:11:54.595 --> 00:11:55.728 So, let’s break it down step by step 210 00:11:56.337 --> 00:11:58.409 Neck muscles first 211 00:11:58.906 --> 00:12:01.994 The neck is the closest connection between the face and torso, 212 00:12:02.004 --> 00:12:04.372 so it’s one of the most commonly drawn areas 213 00:12:05.098 --> 00:12:06.519 A key landmark here is 214 00:12:06.519 --> 00:12:07.427 the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) 215 00:12:09.890 --> 00:12:14.058 This muscle runs along the side of the neck 216 00:12:14.069 --> 00:12:17.606 It plays a crucial role in bending and rotating the neck 217 00:12:18.443 --> 00:12:20.468 You're familiar with cylinders, right? 218 00:12:20.804 --> 00:12:25.348 Think of two cylinders moving organically together, 219 00:12:25.348 --> 00:12:27.780 creating three-dimensional motion 220 00:12:28.153 --> 00:12:29.474 At a glance, you might think 221 00:12:29.474 --> 00:12:35.000 the SCM muscle starts from the transition between the face and neck, 222 00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:40.017 but it actually originates behind the ear, 223 00:12:41.188 --> 00:12:43.992 extending down toward the clavicle 224 00:12:44.716 --> 00:12:47.953 Rather than being a single rope-like structure, 225 00:12:48.121 --> 00:12:52.158 it's more like a broad, slightly twisted sheet, like fen haozi noodles 226 00:12:53.000 --> 00:12:54.035 Take a look here 227 00:12:54.327 --> 00:12:55.832 See how it's not a simple line? 228 00:12:57.961 --> 00:13:01.323 It flattens and fans out, attaching along the clavicle 229 00:13:03.149 --> 00:13:04.181 Rather than just a contour, 230 00:13:04.186 --> 00:13:09.169 it's a layered, three-dimensional shape 231 00:13:10.301 --> 00:13:13.000 If you want to add more detail to your depiction of the SCM, 232 00:13:13.000 --> 00:13:14.350 notice how 233 00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:16.154 these additional lines 234 00:13:17.992 --> 00:13:20.123 are there, aside from the main line, 235 00:13:20.823 --> 00:13:22.159 creating a subtle sunken effect 236 00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:27.000 At the bottom, the edges of the muscle also form visible ridges 237 00:13:28.670 --> 00:13:30.321 Now, let’s talk about another key feature, the Adam’s apple 238 00:13:30.566 --> 00:13:34.609 The thyroid cartilage acts as the gatekeeper of the throat, forming a protective structure around the larynx 239 00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:40.596 This cartilage extends forward to create the laryngeal prominence, 240 00:13:41.231 --> 00:13:43.553 commonly known as the Adam’s apple 241 00:13:44.564 --> 00:13:47.564 appearing as a noticeable bump below the jaw 242 00:13:47.996 --> 00:13:49.798 This feature is much more pronounced in men, 243 00:13:50.034 --> 00:13:54.243 creating a distinct protrusion just below the jawline 244 00:13:55.000 --> 00:13:59.501 In contrast, in women, the prominence is much less visible, 245 00:13:59.850 --> 00:14:01.977 resulting in a smoother, uninterrupted neck contour 246 00:14:03.302 --> 00:14:05.915 When drawing the Adam’s apple, keep in mind 247 00:14:07.009 --> 00:14:11.477 that it isn’t just a random bump on the neck 248 00:14:11.485 --> 00:14:15.000 It aligns directly under the jaw 249 00:14:15.709 --> 00:14:17.599 At the back of the neck, 250 00:14:17.997 --> 00:14:20.000 the trapezius plays a crucial role in shaping the upper body 251 00:14:20.766 --> 00:14:22.230 This broad, triangular muscle 252 00:14:23.950 --> 00:14:26.141 extends from the base of the skull, 253 00:14:27.635 --> 00:14:29.635 runs down along the spine, 254 00:14:33.651 --> 00:14:36.314 and spreads out over the shoulders 255 00:14:37.152 --> 00:14:41.795 It is more commonly emphasized in depictions of masculine physiques 256 00:14:42.109 --> 00:14:43.980 As this muscle develops, 257 00:14:43.980 --> 00:14:46.301 it creates a thick and sturdy neck, 258 00:14:46.791 --> 00:14:49.094 reinforcing the impression of strength and power 259 00:14:50.228 --> 00:14:52.789 For a delicate or slender look 260 00:14:53.071 --> 00:14:55.071 minimizing the prominence of the trapezius is key 261 00:14:55.665 --> 00:14:58.549 Now, let’s move on to the chest 262 00:14:59.676 --> 00:15:01.000 The pectoralis major 263 00:15:01.384 --> 00:15:04.492 is the most noticeable muscle in this region, 264 00:15:04.492 --> 00:15:06.841 but it contributes more to arm movement than to torso structure 265 00:15:07.325 --> 00:15:09.801 There are two key muscles here 266 00:15:10.424 --> 00:15:12.224 Serratus anterior 267 00:15:13.311 --> 00:15:15.345 And pectoralis major 268 00:15:15.348 --> 00:15:16.643 as the next one 269 00:15:16.773 --> 00:15:18.002 These are the two types 270 00:15:18.663 --> 00:15:23.186 The serratus anterior is located beneath the pectoral muscles, 271 00:15:24.091 --> 00:15:26.604 attaching along the ribs 272 00:15:26.604 --> 00:15:30.810 in a saw-like pattern 273 00:15:31.670 --> 00:15:36.995 Notice how it is attached along the ribs here too 274 00:15:37.558 --> 00:15:42.263 When we do push-ups, it plays a key role 275 00:15:43.211 --> 00:15:46.226 in pulling the shoulder blades forward 276 00:15:46.843 --> 00:15:50.948 Although it’s often hidden beneath the pectoralis major, 277 00:15:51.256 --> 00:15:53.412 understanding its placement 278 00:15:53.975 --> 00:15:56.438 is important because 279 00:15:56.438 --> 00:16:01.614 it interacts closely with the external oblique muscles 280 00:16:01.864 --> 00:16:05.178 I will delve into it later 281 00:16:05.429 --> 00:16:08.028 Now, the alpha and omega of the upper body, 282 00:16:08.028 --> 00:16:08.901 the chest muscles 283 00:16:09.400 --> 00:16:11.295 Let's take a look at the pectoralis major 284 00:16:12.806 --> 00:16:18.731 It originates from the clavicle and the sternum 285 00:16:18.887 --> 00:16:20.354 Remember the tie-shaped bone? 286 00:16:21.812 --> 00:16:23.758 It extends from there, 287 00:16:26.237 --> 00:16:27.718 moving downward 288 00:16:27.718 --> 00:16:28.483 and on 289 00:16:31.273 --> 00:16:32.158 Here, 290 00:16:34.648 --> 00:16:37.684 it spreads in three sections before attaching to the humerus 291 00:16:42.762 --> 00:16:44.047 Isn't this surprising? 292 00:16:44.194 --> 00:16:45.889 When I first learned this, I thought, 293 00:16:46.041 --> 00:16:48.975 Why does the chest muscle attach to the arm? 294 00:16:50.825 --> 00:16:54.891 Even though this muscle connects to the arm bone, 295 00:16:54.891 --> 00:16:56.561 it doesn't make the arm look shorter 296 00:16:56.561 --> 00:16:58.037 That was my impression 297 00:16:58.437 --> 00:17:00.631 But the pectoralis major 298 00:17:00.631 --> 00:17:03.553 is responsible for pushing movements, 299 00:17:03.559 --> 00:17:06.108 like in push-ups 300 00:17:06.406 --> 00:17:09.000 So, naturally, it needs to be connected to the arm bone 301 00:17:09.643 --> 00:17:13.000 Pay attention to how the pectoralis major shifts when the arm is raised 302 00:17:13.640 --> 00:17:15.846 When the arm lifts, 303 00:17:16.792 --> 00:17:18.145 the muscle twists 304 00:17:18.145 --> 00:17:21.447 and tucks in at the end of the bone, 305 00:17:22.556 --> 00:17:28.842 following the contours of the raised arm 306 00:17:29.285 --> 00:17:32.084 Observing these shape changes 307 00:17:32.084 --> 00:17:35.188 will help deepen your understanding of chest muscles 308 00:17:35.499 --> 00:17:39.015 Now, let's take a look at the abdominal muscles 309 00:17:39.300 --> 00:17:41.000 You all like six-pack abs, right? 310 00:17:41.294 --> 00:17:43.294 Has anyone here successfully uncovered theirs? 311 00:17:44.037 --> 00:17:44.973 I really envy you if you have 312 00:17:45.376 --> 00:17:47.972 Personally, I've never managed to reveal mine 313 00:17:48.639 --> 00:17:50.887 Instead, I've packed my belly with plenty of warmth 314 00:17:51.192 --> 00:17:54.985 The abdominal muscles play a crucial role in moving the upper body forward 315 00:17:54.985 --> 00:17:57.861 and side to side while also supporting respiration 316 00:17:58.416 --> 00:17:59.512 Rectus abdominis, 317 00:17:59.512 --> 00:18:00.491 is also known as the six-pack muscle 318 00:18:00.685 --> 00:18:02.259 External oblique 319 00:18:02.504 --> 00:18:03.406 is also called the outer abdominal muscle 320 00:18:03.406 --> 00:18:06.644 These are the key muscles 321 00:18:08.182 --> 00:18:10.771 Here, you can see the rectus abdominis 322 00:18:11.111 --> 00:18:14.080 and the external oblique 323 00:18:16.086 --> 00:18:17.597 First, the rectus abdominis 324 00:18:17.946 --> 00:18:21.383 This is the muscle responsible for that six-pack look 325 00:18:22.090 --> 00:18:25.000 When developed, it makes the front of the torso stand out 326 00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:28.401 and is activated in intense abdominal contractions like sit-ups 327 00:18:29.949 --> 00:18:31.966 It starts from the sternum, the chest bone 328 00:18:32.461 --> 00:18:37.000 and extends downward, connecting to the pelvis and pubic bone 329 00:18:38.831 --> 00:18:41.031 Earlier, when I talked about the chest bone, 330 00:18:41.409 --> 00:18:44.164 I mentioned how this muscle prevents the internal organs from spilling out 331 00:18:45.577 --> 00:18:51.177 The reason the rectus abdominis has this distinct bulging, segmented appearance 332 00:18:51.684 --> 00:18:54.158 is to efficiently distribute muscle mass over a broad area 333 00:18:54.746 --> 00:18:57.736 Remember this from last session? 334 00:18:58.636 --> 00:19:00.678 If it were structured like arm muscles, 335 00:19:00.678 --> 00:19:03.000 with fibers running continuously in a single direction, 336 00:19:03.000 --> 00:19:05.493 it would be too long and inefficient for movement, 337 00:19:06.050 --> 00:19:08.294 if not the sit-ups at all 338 00:19:09.000 --> 00:19:12.078 That's why tendinous intersections divide it into segments, 339 00:19:13.168 --> 00:19:16.081 creating the six-pack shape 340 00:19:17.404 --> 00:19:19.043 Now, let’s look at the external oblique muscle 341 00:19:19.460 --> 00:19:24.019 This muscle is responsible for the rotation and lateral bending of the torso 342 00:19:24.707 --> 00:19:29.032 It starts at the lower ribs and, similar to the rectus abdominis, 343 00:19:29.239 --> 00:19:32.134 follows a boundary as it moves downward 344 00:19:32.573 --> 00:19:36.148 It attaches near the abdomen and continues to the fascia 345 00:19:37.894 --> 00:19:40.666 As mentioned earlier, this area is important 346 00:19:41.385 --> 00:19:45.017 because it works with the serratus anterio to define the muscle structure of the upper body 347 00:19:46.011 --> 00:19:48.497 The external oblique 348 00:19:50.274 --> 00:19:54.260 overlaps with the serratus anterior, 349 00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:56.234 like this, 350 00:19:57.161 --> 00:19:58.339 creating a layered effect 351 00:19:59.894 --> 00:20:04.080 Behind them, we have the latissimus dorsi, 352 00:20:04.080 --> 00:20:08.339 and in front of that, the pectoralis major 353 00:20:08.946 --> 00:20:10.601 These are some details you can have 354 00:20:11.624 --> 00:20:14.308 with these overlapping layers of muscle 355 00:20:16.291 --> 00:20:19.487 And behind it, there is always the latissimus dorsi 356 00:20:20.438 --> 00:20:24.283 And then behind that, there is the large back muscle 357 00:20:25.275 --> 00:20:26.512 And in front of that, 358 00:20:28.828 --> 00:20:29.922 there is the rectus abdominis 359 00:20:30.599 --> 00:20:34.568 When you draw the front part, try drawing this section as well 360 00:20:35.313 --> 00:20:39.000 Once you draw it, you’ll likely find it enjoyable 361 00:20:39.566 --> 00:20:42.327 This was the muscle of the torso for the front view 362 00:20:42.627 --> 00:20:45.417 Now, let’s look at the back muscles 363 00:20:45.595 --> 00:20:48.056 What does it mean when we show the back in a scene? 364 00:20:48.487 --> 00:20:51.210 Depending on the situation, it can convey various nuances 365 00:20:51.629 --> 00:20:54.113 It could be the image of someone coldly leaving, showing their back 366 00:20:54.113 --> 00:20:56.100 It could also show the developed back muscles, 367 00:20:56.100 --> 00:20:59.053 symbolizing a strong, protective guardian 368 00:20:59.341 --> 00:21:02.266 Or it might give off a mysterious or sexy vibe 369 00:21:03.023 --> 00:21:07.610 Actually, I haven’t shown the back much in my works either 370 00:21:08.089 --> 00:21:10.490 When it does appear, it’s usually with clothing 371 00:21:11.000 --> 00:21:14.187 But when necessary, impactful scenes often require 372 00:21:14.208 --> 00:21:17.780 detailed depictions of the human body 373 00:21:18.056 --> 00:21:19.000 What am I trying to say? 374 00:21:19.501 --> 00:21:21.000 It’s something you still need to know 375 00:21:21.900 --> 00:21:23.385 Now, let’s move on to the back muscles 376 00:21:23.691 --> 00:21:27.872 The primary muscles include the latissimus dorsi and the teres major 377 00:21:28.320 --> 00:21:32.135 Also mentioned earlier, we have the trapezius 378 00:21:32.201 --> 00:21:33.771 or the triangular back muscle 379 00:21:34.062 --> 00:21:37.000 Let’s start with the latissimus dorsi 380 00:21:37.392 --> 00:21:39.712 You might be more familiar with the term lat 381 00:21:40.303 --> 00:21:44.238 This muscle is the widest in the back 382 00:21:44.238 --> 00:21:46.405 and is responsible for moving the arms and shoulders 383 00:21:47.101 --> 00:21:48.349 Are you familiar with pull-ups? 384 00:21:48.638 --> 00:21:52.156 Many people think that pull-ups are done by arm strength, 385 00:21:52.156 --> 00:21:56.619 but in reality, you can’t do them without developing this latissimus dorsi 386 00:21:57.206 --> 00:22:01.000 The latissimus dorsi starts around the middle of the spine 387 00:22:02.222 --> 00:22:04.822 and stretches down to the sacral bone 388 00:22:05.280 --> 00:22:07.311 It continues upward and forms 389 00:22:07.311 --> 00:22:10.582 a wing-like shape connecting to the upper arm bone, 390 00:22:10.724 --> 00:22:14.027 specifically the humerus 391 00:22:17.216 --> 00:22:20.943 When depicting male figures, this wide triangular shape is often used to express masculinity 392 00:22:21.113 --> 00:22:25.806 This triangular shape forms the major silhouette of the back 393 00:22:26.446 --> 00:22:27.854 It’s the same for the front view too 394 00:22:28.247 --> 00:22:33.049 You might think that the large chest muscles define the silhouette, 395 00:22:33.049 --> 00:22:33.709 but that’s not true 396 00:22:34.064 --> 00:22:35.000 Right behind them, 397 00:22:36.201 --> 00:22:38.938 the latissimus dorsi has to make its presence known 398 00:22:39.186 --> 00:22:43.000 to truly complete the wide chest of a man 399 00:22:43.963 --> 00:22:46.737 Similar to the chest muscles, 400 00:22:46.737 --> 00:22:49.000 this muscle is also attached to the upper arm bone in a crosswise fashion 401 00:22:49.289 --> 00:22:51.000 It attaches to the front part of the upper arm bone 402 00:22:51.764 --> 00:22:59.000 So, the line from the latissimus dorsi, which starts from the bottom, attaches to the upper arm bone 403 00:23:00.147 --> 00:23:07.153 And conversely, the line of the latissimus dorsi that attaches from the top connects like this 404 00:23:08.113 --> 00:23:09.153 It’s the crossing point 405 00:23:09.732 --> 00:23:11.222 When viewed from the side, 406 00:23:11.495 --> 00:23:15.543 the latissimus dorsi aligns with the position of the serratus anterior 407 00:23:16.263 --> 00:23:19.239 It overlaps with the upper layer at that location 408 00:23:20.209 --> 00:23:22.743 If we draw the line, it would look like this 409 00:23:23.568 --> 00:23:27.220 And above that, the pectoralis major covers it 410 00:23:27.744 --> 00:23:29.728 Now, let’s look at the trapezius 411 00:23:30.095 --> 00:23:30.940 The trapezius 412 00:23:31.307 --> 00:23:34.086 This is the muscle we already discussed when talking about the neck 413 00:23:34.267 --> 00:23:37.000 But here, we will examine its overall silhouette 414 00:23:37.652 --> 00:23:39.944 As I mentioned before, 415 00:23:39.944 --> 00:23:45.497 the upper part of the trapezius starts from the back of the skull, 416 00:23:46.003 --> 00:23:47.174 extending to the shoulder blade 417 00:23:47.913 --> 00:23:49.069 The spine of the scapula 418 00:23:49.273 --> 00:23:52.298 And it connects all the way to the scapular spine 419 00:23:53.983 --> 00:23:57.475 And it attaches along the ridge of the clavicle 420 00:23:57.922 --> 00:24:01.323 Then, it continues in this direction 421 00:24:01.900 --> 00:24:06.924 It forms a shape that drops from the shoulder blade area towards the spine 422 00:24:09.439 --> 00:24:12.752 f you look again, here’s the scapula 423 00:24:12.754 --> 00:24:15.842 This structure shows the clavicle connecting forward from the neck 424 00:24:15.845 --> 00:24:17.331 It connects like this 425 00:24:17.954 --> 00:24:21.000 As you can see, the structure of the trapezius muscle is, 426 00:24:21.250 --> 00:24:22.686 simply put, 427 00:24:22.686 --> 00:24:26.537 a structure where two triangles attach symmetrically 428 00:24:27.139 --> 00:24:31.000 What you should focus on in the trapezius muscle is the muscle part and the fascia part 429 00:24:31.426 --> 00:24:33.163 For the efficiency of movement, 430 00:24:33.646 --> 00:24:37.000 like the rectus abdominis muscle, this muscle is also divided by fascia, 431 00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:39.499 dividing the muscle into two parts 432 00:24:40.355 --> 00:24:43.236 The fascia also forms a diamond shape 433 00:24:43.956 --> 00:24:49.256 As you can see, the fascia forms a diamond shape 434 00:24:49.629 --> 00:24:52.827 Therefore, the more you develop the trapezius muscle, 435 00:24:52.827 --> 00:24:56.788 the more prominent the gap between the muscle and fascia will become 436 00:24:57.121 --> 00:25:00.335 If you understand and describe this part, you’ll be able to better emphasize 437 00:25:00.335 --> 00:25:03.105 the presence of the back muscles in your drawing 438 00:25:03.698 --> 00:25:10.466 Oh, and earlier I mentioned that this part is fascia 439 00:25:10.491 --> 00:25:11.226 Tendons 440 00:25:12.208 --> 00:25:18.834 The protruding part of the seventh cervical vertebra appears here 441 00:25:19.527 --> 00:25:22.005 Looking from the neck, the back of the head looks like this 442 00:25:24.889 --> 00:25:28.417 And the part that drops is located here 443 00:25:30.083 --> 00:25:32.117 Please also refer to this part 444 00:25:32.553 --> 00:25:35.514 Now, we’ve finished with the bones and muscles of the torso 445 00:25:36.217 --> 00:25:39.072 Now, let’s look at a few more details 446 00:25:39.597 --> 00:25:43.539 Understanding the Other Torso Structures and Describing Poses 447 00:25:44.157 --> 00:25:47.575 First, we’ve only focused on the muscles among the body’s outline 448 00:25:47.578 --> 00:25:48.851 It feels incomplete 449 00:25:48.851 --> 00:25:50.174 What might be missing? 450 00:25:50.184 --> 00:25:51.420 Yes, that’s right 451 00:25:51.420 --> 00:25:53.764 Our friend, fat 452 00:25:54.037 --> 00:25:57.000 Most importantly, we haven’t covered the breasts in women 453 00:25:57.000 --> 00:25:58.004 Let’s take a look 454 00:25:58.644 --> 00:26:01.371 Women’s breasts are mainly made up of fat 455 00:26:01.412 --> 00:26:04.194 While the shape and size vary from person to person, 456 00:26:04.194 --> 00:26:07.112 let’s first go over the basic shape 457 00:26:07.480 --> 00:26:11.000 The breast starts at the center of the large pectoral muscle, 458 00:26:11.507 --> 00:26:12.195 like this 459 00:26:14.092 --> 00:26:18.117 It attaches all over in a circular shape 460 00:26:18.340 --> 00:26:21.000 o easily understand the outline of the breast, 461 00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:23.000 think of a water pouch 462 00:26:23.291 --> 00:26:26.409 And the opening of the pouch is like this, 463 00:26:27.321 --> 00:26:30.777 it’s closely attached to the large pectoral muscle 464 00:26:32.065 --> 00:26:35.000 The liquid inside, being a fluid, is affected by gravity 465 00:26:37.869 --> 00:26:41.913 Therefore, depending on its position or interference, the shape changes freely 466 00:26:42.264 --> 00:26:43.663 Let’s look at the breasts when standing 467 00:26:44.149 --> 00:26:45.240 This is the breast 468 00:26:46.907 --> 00:26:48.462 This position does not change 469 00:26:49.000 --> 00:26:50.756 What about when lying down? 470 00:26:51.240 --> 00:26:52.319 It’s the same 471 00:26:52.812 --> 00:26:56.080 First, we establish the fixed position of the breast 472 00:26:56.629 --> 00:26:57.627 It will be the pectoralis major 473 00:26:59.000 --> 00:27:03.299 The breast starts from the pectoralis major 474 00:27:03.973 --> 00:27:07.306 And the water pouch of the breast, 475 00:27:07.307 --> 00:27:10.047 imagine that it stays in that position 476 00:27:10.540 --> 00:27:11.752 If that’s the case, 477 00:27:13.308 --> 00:27:17.000 The breasts will spread out like this, 478 00:27:17.000 --> 00:27:19.454 retaining that shape from the spread 479 00:27:19.825 --> 00:27:23.000 In this way, a woman’s breast 480 00:27:23.000 --> 00:27:25.000 is, first of all, 481 00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:26.616 a suspended water pouch 482 00:27:26.621 --> 00:27:29.759 And second, 483 00:27:29.763 --> 00:27:33.000 that water pouch is affected by gravity 484 00:27:33.000 --> 00:27:36.640 If you understand these two points as the focus, 485 00:27:36.640 --> 00:27:39.498 I think you won’t have much difficulty in drawing 486 00:27:40.233 --> 00:27:42.071 Next, we move on to the pelvic bone 487 00:27:42.775 --> 00:27:44.792 We covered this earlier, so why bring it up again? 488 00:27:46.488 --> 00:27:49.804 The pelvic bone has a significant difference between males and females 489 00:27:50.212 --> 00:27:52.666 Therefore, the key landmarks are different as well 490 00:27:52.924 --> 00:27:53.543 Take a look 491 00:27:54.433 --> 00:27:56.159 Here are the pelvic bones of males and females 492 00:27:56.711 --> 00:27:58.267 What stands out the most? 493 00:27:58.521 --> 00:28:01.347 Yes, the sizes are different relative to the torso 494 00:28:02.742 --> 00:28:06.664 In men, the pelvic bones are more narrow compared to women 495 00:28:07.265 --> 00:28:13.000 On the other hand, women have the last bone, the sacrum, that drops from the spine 496 00:28:14.625 --> 00:28:19.278 Unlike men, women’s pelvic bones are wider and more expansive 497 00:28:20.063 --> 00:28:22.332 Therefore, the femur of the thigh, 498 00:28:23.000 --> 00:28:24.357 which is the femur, 499 00:28:25.168 --> 00:28:28.012 the length of its neck in that area also differs 500 00:28:30.797 --> 00:28:34.187 The reason for this difference is because women have a uterus 501 00:28:34.519 --> 00:28:38.778 Not only the internal organs, but also the need to create space for a growing babㅛ 502 00:28:38.787 --> 00:28:40.787 impacts the pelvic bones 503 00:28:41.213 --> 00:28:45.918 The part in front of the pelvis is called the anterior superior iliac spine 504 00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:48.889 This part is definitely pushed forward, 505 00:28:48.889 --> 00:28:49.738 for the women 506 00:28:50.656 --> 00:28:56.059 On the other hand, in men, it is slightly inward compared to a woman’s pelvis 507 00:28:56.349 --> 00:28:59.958 It feels as though it rotates inward 508 00:29:01.120 --> 00:29:03.519 While the iliac crest retreats further in men than in women, 509 00:29:04.443 --> 00:29:05.416 the pubic bones, 510 00:29:05.790 --> 00:29:07.000 which is this area, 511 00:29:07.215 --> 00:29:10.331 extends more forward 512 00:29:11.102 --> 00:29:14.070 So, when drawing the female pelvis, 513 00:29:14.070 --> 00:29:16.185 the line that starts from the iliac crest 514 00:29:17.602 --> 00:29:20.738 and drops towards the inguinal ligament is the key point 515 00:29:25.351 --> 00:29:26.672 This is how it looks 516 00:29:28.369 --> 00:29:31.431 To summarize, in the case of the female pelvis, 517 00:29:31.775 --> 00:29:37.000 it is much wider and expands more horizontally than the male pelvis 518 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:38.343 And as you can see here, 519 00:29:38.343 --> 00:29:43.479 to reiterate, the iliac crest is much more prominent than in men 520 00:29:45.427 --> 00:29:49.630 When you draw the female pelvis, if you depict this bone part, 521 00:29:49.651 --> 00:29:55.578 you can achieve a more accurate depiction of the pelvic area 522 00:29:57.110 --> 00:30:00.496 Now, let’s examine the muscles of the torso based on different poses 523 00:30:01.172 --> 00:30:04.213 First, let’s look at a pose with the arms raised, seen from the front 524 00:30:05.327 --> 00:30:08.111 Let’s start with the neck 525 00:30:08.477 --> 00:30:12.615 Here, we see the SCM muscle descending 526 00:30:15.801 --> 00:30:20.189 Normally, the SCM falls in a straight line like this 527 00:30:20.189 --> 00:30:21.272 Shall we add some details? 528 00:30:21.722 --> 00:30:25.381 As mentioned, it bends and enters here 529 00:30:26.137 --> 00:30:29.323 If we connect it to the collarbone like this, 530 00:30:31.342 --> 00:30:32.948 the SCM muscle is complete 531 00:30:34.626 --> 00:30:37.292 Behind it, the trapezius muscle is positioned like this 532 00:30:39.322 --> 00:30:42.271 Next, focusing on the collarbone muscle, 533 00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:45.651 and along the breastbone, 534 00:30:47.227 --> 00:30:50.294 the pectoralis major muscle connects like this 535 00:30:51.410 --> 00:30:54.018 Do you remember the T-shape I mentioned earlier? 536 00:30:54.689 --> 00:30:59.000 Now, if you think of the raised arm on this side, 537 00:30:59.000 --> 00:31:01.000 as I mentioned earlier, 538 00:31:01.000 --> 00:31:08.496 the pectoralis muscles intersect and attach to the upper arm bone 539 00:31:08.778 --> 00:31:10.831 That’s why the pectoral muscles extend like this 540 00:31:11.741 --> 00:31:15.000 And the wide back muscles that came from behind 541 00:31:15.161 --> 00:31:16.597 occupy the back like this 542 00:31:17.000 --> 00:31:21.176 And the serratus anterior and external obliques 543 00:31:21.176 --> 00:31:23.000 depict the crossing points of these muscles 544 00:31:24.172 --> 00:31:25.210 Next, 545 00:31:27.882 --> 00:31:31.206 the rectus abdominis is present like this 546 00:31:32.283 --> 00:31:34.368 Finally, let’s look at the pelvic area 547 00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:38.527 In males, due to the difference in muscle mass, 548 00:31:38.527 --> 00:31:40.868 the side of the torso can protrude like this 549 00:31:41.185 --> 00:31:47.289 Along that line, the pelvic crest protrudes like this 550 00:31:48.350 --> 00:31:50.413 This is different compared to female pelvis 551 00:31:52.111 --> 00:31:54.252 For women, it feels like the bone is protruding, 552 00:31:54.252 --> 00:31:57.036 whereas for men, it feels like the muscle is folded 553 00:31:57.771 --> 00:31:59.751 By doing this, you can depict this area 554 00:32:01.140 --> 00:32:04.509 With that, the front view depiction is complete 555 00:32:05.712 --> 00:32:10.635 Now, let’s move on to drawing the back view of the previous pose 556 00:32:11.403 --> 00:32:13.067 First, let’s take a look at the trapezius muscle 557 00:32:13.801 --> 00:32:18.687 The trapezius muscle, which runs from the back of the head downwards 558 00:32:19.700 --> 00:32:23.000 Here, you can see the shoulder blade spine 559 00:32:23.000 --> 00:32:24.532 Following the spine of the shoulder blade, 560 00:32:24.767 --> 00:32:28.045 as I mentioned earlier, it wraps around like this 561 00:32:30.278 --> 00:32:33.000 It follows and connects to the spine 562 00:32:34.686 --> 00:32:36.728 And this is the trapezius muscle 563 00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:38.299 You should already know this 564 00:32:38.655 --> 00:32:42.780 When divided, the trapezius muscle 565 00:32:42.783 --> 00:32:47.193 has a diamond-shaped fascia at the center, as I mentioned 566 00:32:47.502 --> 00:32:48.966 This is the fascia 567 00:32:49.044 --> 00:32:54.280 And in the center, there’s the protrusion of the seventh cervical vertebra 568 00:32:54.705 --> 00:32:56.145 Below that, what do we have? 569 00:32:56.361 --> 00:32:58.333 Yes, we have the latissimus dorsi 570 00:32:58.333 --> 00:33:00.327 It pushes upwards like this 571 00:33:01.596 --> 00:33:02.773 Everyone, 572 00:33:03.000 --> 00:33:04.986 as you saw in the previous pose, 573 00:33:05.254 --> 00:33:07.494 in this pose, one arm is raised 574 00:33:08.422 --> 00:33:11.952 That’s why, as mentioned earlier, the large pectoral muscle 575 00:33:13.078 --> 00:33:15.371 changes shape to follow the arm 576 00:33:15.854 --> 00:33:19.656 And the wide back muscles are also attached to the arm, 577 00:33:19.661 --> 00:33:22.061 which is why they curve and attach like this 578 00:33:22.063 --> 00:33:23.868 They follow this upward curve 579 00:33:25.381 --> 00:33:29.192 Draw the line of the latissimus dorsi for this part 580 00:33:30.629 --> 00:33:34.127 And finally, 581 00:33:35.140 --> 00:33:36.257 the line of the back 582 00:33:36.257 --> 00:33:39.000 The back is mostly 583 00:33:39.000 --> 00:33:41.800 made with tendon and fascia 584 00:33:41.805 --> 00:33:44.130 As I mentioned, that’s why the line is more visible 585 00:33:44.130 --> 00:33:45.655 This is how you depict the line 586 00:33:46.233 --> 00:33:48.947 By doing so, ultimately, 587 00:33:50.139 --> 00:33:53.000 you will be able to draw the outer contour 588 00:33:53.773 --> 00:33:55.043 This is the final example 589 00:33:55.797 --> 00:33:58.969 This pose is a mix of contrapposto 590 00:33:59.362 --> 00:34:02.003 and twist 591 00:34:03.017 --> 00:34:05.236 The arm is covering the torso 592 00:34:06.134 --> 00:34:07.458 But this doesn't mean 593 00:34:07.636 --> 00:34:08.629 that we can't draw it 594 00:34:08.630 --> 00:34:09.630 because we can't see it 595 00:34:10.806 --> 00:34:12.232 Let’s use our imagination 596 00:34:12.232 --> 00:34:14.739 to figure out what goes where 597 00:34:15.489 --> 00:34:17.333 First, let’s draw the torso 598 00:34:17.773 --> 00:34:20.563 Let’s start with the parts covered by the arm 599 00:34:22.126 --> 00:34:25.334 You’ll see the sternocleidomastoid muscle descending here 600 00:34:25.526 --> 00:34:29.888 And the trapezius muscle will be going backwards 601 00:34:29.894 --> 00:34:31.629 It will descend like this 602 00:34:32.747 --> 00:34:34.239 However, because she is female, the size of the muscles 603 00:34:34.529 --> 00:34:39.339 is being depicted a little smaller compared to the previous model 604 00:34:40.339 --> 00:34:41.560 The pectoralis major muscle 605 00:34:42.388 --> 00:34:43.887 does not show at all here 606 00:34:43.887 --> 00:34:49.530 Because the collarbone and arm joints are not visible, 607 00:34:50.734 --> 00:34:52.859 the starting point of the chest muscle is not visible 608 00:34:53.185 --> 00:34:57.153 But we can still see that the chest muscles continue like this 609 00:34:58.613 --> 00:35:01.695 And below that, there are shoulder blade muscles, 610 00:35:01.708 --> 00:35:03.190 but we haven’t addressed them yet 611 00:35:03.343 --> 00:35:04.486 Below that, we have 612 00:35:06.160 --> 00:35:10.237 the latissimus dorsi, which rises from the back 613 00:35:10.539 --> 00:35:13.144 that dives toward the armpit like this 614 00:35:13.841 --> 00:35:17.007 At the same time, in the middle here, 615 00:35:19.904 --> 00:35:21.911 is the rectus abdominis 616 00:35:23.275 --> 00:35:24.302 It's the straight abdominal muscle 617 00:35:25.171 --> 00:35:25.980 And now, 618 00:35:26.514 --> 00:35:28.992 there is the navel at about the third joint 619 00:35:29.399 --> 00:35:30.796 Please depict the navel 620 00:35:31.399 --> 00:35:32.998 And finally, 621 00:35:33.005 --> 00:35:36.447 tthe serratus anterior and external oblique 622 00:35:36.447 --> 00:35:39.719 can be depicted like this 623 00:35:40.003 --> 00:35:41.764 However, be gentle 624 00:35:41.764 --> 00:35:43.350 Don't make it too intense 625 00:35:44.018 --> 00:35:47.000 Just depict its existence, but don't overdo it 626 00:35:49.164 --> 00:35:51.000 With that, 627 00:35:51.000 --> 00:35:57.515 the twist pose for women is complete 628 00:35:58.101 --> 00:35:59.327 There is one thing I missed 629 00:35:59.976 --> 00:36:00.952 It is important 630 00:36:01.210 --> 00:36:01.960 It's the pelvis 631 00:36:02.611 --> 00:36:06.371 As I mentioned earlier, there is the iliac crest 632 00:36:07.221 --> 00:36:09.081 We can’t leave out the iliac crest 633 00:36:11.191 --> 00:36:11.964 From here, 634 00:36:13.890 --> 00:36:17.642 the crest protrudes and reveals its presence 635 00:36:19.287 --> 00:36:21.452 And as I mentioned before, the inguinal ligament, 636 00:36:21.819 --> 00:36:25.000 this ligament crosses over, 637 00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:27.033 and that line is visible on the skin 638 00:36:27.905 --> 00:36:31.000 In this direction as well, 639 00:36:32.031 --> 00:36:34.049 the iliac crest is visible, 640 00:36:35.731 --> 00:36:37.816 and it connects with the inguinal ligament like this 641 00:36:39.538 --> 00:36:42.476 With that, the depiction is complete 642 00:36:43.122 --> 00:36:46.306 We have now covered the anatomy of the torso 643 00:36:46.564 --> 00:36:48.625 It feels like we’ve been powering through it 644 00:36:49.210 --> 00:36:50.652 I’m a bit exhausted too 645 00:36:51.000 --> 00:36:53.000 Great job today, everyone 646 00:36:54.375 --> 00:36:55.240 Thank you 647 00:36:56.000 --> 00:36:57.239 Understanding the Bones and Muscles The Structure of the Human Body A total of 206 bones The shoulder, clavicle, and pelvis each belong to the limbs 648 00:36:57.239 --> 00:36:58.553 Vertebral bones: Connect the head and torso, support the torso with the organs Rib bones: Protect the organs, connected to chest muscles 649 00:36:58.553 --> 00:36:59.890 Xiphoid process: Connects the clavicle, between torso and the arms Scapula: Securely attaching the trapezius to the spine 650 00:36:59.891 --> 00:37:00.802 Pelvic bone: Connects the legs and torso, supports the organs Pubic bone: Connects the inguinal ligament, separating the abdomen and legs 651 00:37:00.802 --> 00:37:02.272 Clavicle: Baseline for the torso Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle: Extends the side of neck to the shoulder, or bending or turning the neck 652 00:37:02.273 --> 00:37:03.273 Serratus anterior: Attached in a serrated pattern along the upper chest bones Abdominal muscles: Forward and lateral movements of the torso 653 00:37:03.274 --> 00:37:04.274 Rectus abdominis: When developed, visible and performs strong contraction movements External oblique: Rotating and bending the torso 654 00:37:04.275 --> 00:37:05.712 Latssimus dorsi: Broadest muscle in the back, for moving arms and shoulders Trapezius: Two triangular muscles symmetrically attached 655 00:37:05.712 --> 00:37:07.220 Other Torso Structures and Pose Depiction The breasts: Attached to the central part of the pectoral's major in a circle pattern 656 00:37:07.221 --> 00:37:08.221 The pelvic bone differs in size The femur also differs in length Female pelvis: From the lilac crest and to the inguinal ligament 657 00:37:08.222 --> 00:37:09.222 Depicting Various Poses SCM muscle: connect the form from the clavicle The chest muscles: Three strands on the upper arm Men: protruding sides 658 00:37:09.223 --> 00:37:10.223 The latissimus dorsi is also attached to the arms, rising along the arm The back, with fascia, has its lines highlighted 659 00:37:10.223 --> 00:37:10.867 When the arms are covering the torso, the SCM muscle should fall away, while the trapezius is descending along