WEBVTT 1 00:00:04.544 --> 00:00:10.349 Animation Advanced Action Animating - Movement Detail 2 00:00:10.349 --> 00:00:12.972 GCC Academy 3 00:00:24.280 --> 00:00:25.330 Hello, everyone 4 00:00:25.330 --> 00:00:28.760 I'm Ji-Won Kang, your instructor for the Action Drawing course 5 00:00:28.760 --> 00:00:30.860 Action refers to movement 6 00:00:30.860 --> 00:00:33.060 When actions are connected, they create a situation 7 00:00:33.060 --> 00:00:36.599 when context is added to that situation, it forms a story 8 00:00:36.599 --> 00:00:40.499 In drawing, action enhances the sense of liveliness in an expression 9 00:00:40.499 --> 00:00:43.759 and serves as a medium to convey deeper narratives 10 00:00:43.759 --> 00:00:47.209 In this Action Drawing session, we will focus on movement 11 00:00:47.209 --> 00:00:51.400 and explore various ways to capture it from different perspectives 12 00:00:51.400 --> 00:00:53.541 This course focuses on drawing 13 00:00:53.541 --> 00:00:57.160 to create visuals suited for animation 14 00:00:57.160 --> 00:00:59.760 Therefore, we will concentrate on drawing skills 15 00:00:59.760 --> 00:01:03.799 closely linked to animation's functions 16 00:01:03.799 --> 00:01:07.249 In addition to dynamic drawings essential for animation 17 00:01:07.249 --> 00:01:10.549 we will explore various compositions and framing techniques 18 00:01:10.549 --> 00:01:13.720 that can enhance visual storytelling in video production 19 00:01:13.720 --> 00:01:15.520 For the first lesson in Action Drawing 20 00:01:15.520 --> 00:01:17.120 we will start with Action Animating 21 00:01:17.120 --> 00:01:20.639 using the Walking Cycle 22 00:01:20.639 --> 00:01:22.939 In this session 23 00:01:22.939 --> 00:01:24.939 we will explore movement principles 24 00:01:24.939 --> 00:01:27.320 using animation fundamentals 25 00:01:27.320 --> 00:01:29.670 Additionally, we will learn how to animate 26 00:01:29.670 --> 00:01:33.970 basic human movements such as walking, running, and lifting 27 00:01:33.970 --> 00:01:35.413 by applying animation theories 28 00:01:35.927 --> 00:01:39.488 Principles of Movement 29 00:01:39.953 --> 00:01:43.253 In this session, we will examine 30 00:01:43.253 --> 00:01:46.303 some fundamental principles from 31 00:01:46.303 --> 00:01:48.155 action-focused animation genres 32 00:01:48.155 --> 00:01:50.965 that can be applied to drawing 33 00:01:50.965 --> 00:01:55.065 Among the 12 Principles of Animation, the first concept we will explore 34 00:01:55.065 --> 00:01:57.357 is Arc 35 00:01:57.357 --> 00:02:00.407 An arc refers to the curved path 36 00:02:00.407 --> 00:02:03.639 that movements follow in animation 37 00:02:03.639 --> 00:02:05.639 It's Arc 38 00:02:08.800 --> 00:02:11.000 The illustration shows 39 00:02:11.000 --> 00:02:15.014 how the pendulum swings around a fixed axis 40 00:02:15.014 --> 00:02:17.264 In animation, all movement 41 00:02:17.264 --> 00:02:20.846 is based on this principle 42 00:02:20.846 --> 00:02:23.594 where an object has a pivot point and a center of 43 00:02:23.594 --> 00:02:26.199 mass, creating smooth, curved motion 44 00:02:26.199 --> 00:02:32.403 Natural movement tends to follow curves rather than straight lines 45 00:02:32.403 --> 00:02:38.903 Even when looking at the arms and legs, they move like a pendulum 46 00:02:38.903 --> 00:02:43.953 not in straight paths 47 00:02:43.953 --> 00:02:46.245 but along curved trajectories 48 00:02:46.245 --> 00:02:47.483 Let’s take a look 49 00:02:50.997 --> 00:02:54.343 Imagine this as a shoulder, with the arm 50 00:02:54.343 --> 00:02:56.839 and the hand at the end 51 00:03:00.958 --> 00:03:12.334 The range of motion of the arm naturally forms an arc 52 00:03:16.433 --> 00:03:28.631 If you rotate your arm in a full circle, you can see how it traces a curved path 53 00:03:28.631 --> 00:03:32.691 This happens because most movements, whether humans or animals, are based on a pivot point or axis 54 00:03:34.918 --> 00:03:37.018 Arc is essential because 55 00:03:37.018 --> 00:03:39.718 like most elements in nature, especially living beings 56 00:03:39.718 --> 00:03:42.718 our eyes perceive curved motion 57 00:03:42.718 --> 00:03:45.661 as more natural and realistic 58 00:03:45.661 --> 00:03:48.961 When movement follows an arc 59 00:03:48.961 --> 00:03:51.761 viewers can more easily 60 00:03:51.761 --> 00:03:55.433 predict and understand a character’s actions 61 00:03:55.433 --> 00:04:01.177 Additionally, curves create more dynamic and engaging motion 62 00:04:01.177 --> 00:04:03.403 preventing movements from looking rigid or unnatural 63 00:04:07.007 --> 00:04:10.007 Let’s examine another example 64 00:04:10.007 --> 00:04:15.126 This illustration shows what happens when movement appears linear 65 00:04:17.681 --> 00:04:21.087 Focus on the image labeled "3" in the center 66 00:04:22.710 --> 00:04:29.839 On the left, the motion follows a proper arc 67 00:04:31.938 --> 00:04:34.238 and you can see that the lines 68 00:04:34.238 --> 00:04:42.493 connecting points 1, 3, and 5 on the pendulum are even 69 00:04:44.215 --> 00:04:49.015 However, on the right, notice how the line at position 3 70 00:04:49.015 --> 00:04:52.057 is much shorter than on either side 71 00:04:53.720 --> 00:04:57.120 In nature, movement rarely occurs in straight lines 72 00:04:57.120 --> 00:05:01.520 It usually revolves around an axis or pivot point 73 00:05:01.520 --> 00:05:06.320 This is a much easier way to see 74 00:05:06.320 --> 00:05:08.037 the movements that draw an arc 75 00:05:10.740 --> 00:05:13.928 Let’s look at a few more examples of arcs 76 00:05:15.502 --> 00:05:21.252 As mentioned, arms and legs 77 00:05:29.103 --> 00:05:33.153 move in arcs because they pivot from 78 00:05:33.153 --> 00:05:36.057 the shoulders and hips 79 00:05:40.849 --> 00:05:41.799 Also 80 00:05:50.649 --> 00:05:53.499 if you consider the knee a pendulum 81 00:06:04.785 --> 00:06:06.839 its motion will naturally follow an arc 82 00:06:09.601 --> 00:06:14.001 Another example is elastic objects 83 00:06:14.001 --> 00:06:18.401 like a rubber ball 84 00:06:21.243 --> 00:06:22.918 What happens? 85 00:06:22.918 --> 00:06:25.265 It rebounds in an arc 86 00:06:28.833 --> 00:06:29.833 Like this 87 00:06:32.294 --> 00:06:34.944 Throwing a ball to the ground 88 00:06:34.944 --> 00:06:43.789 doesn’t bounce back in a straight line 89 00:06:46.244 --> 00:06:49.601 it follows a curved trajectory 90 00:06:49.601 --> 00:06:55.251 Similarly, throwing an object into the air travels 91 00:06:55.251 --> 00:06:57.641 along a parabolic arc before landing 92 00:06:57.641 --> 00:07:00.769 Now, let’s move on to the second key concept: Timing 93 00:07:00.769 --> 00:07:05.562 Timing refers to the control of movement speed and rhythm 94 00:07:05.562 --> 00:07:10.612 Looking at the example of a pendulum, notice how it starts moving slowly 95 00:07:10.612 --> 00:07:12.412 speeds up in the middle 96 00:07:18.183 --> 00:07:22.175 and then slows down again as it reaches the top 97 00:07:22.175 --> 00:07:23.779 But how can we achieve this effect in animation? 98 00:07:26.165 --> 00:07:28.515 At the start and end frames 99 00:07:28.515 --> 00:07:34.830 the drawings are closely spaced together 100 00:07:34.830 --> 00:07:40.219 frames 1, 2, 3 and, 5, 6, 7 101 00:07:40.219 --> 00:07:44.069 are positioned near each other 102 00:07:44.069 --> 00:07:47.433 while frame 4 in the middle is spaced farther apart 103 00:07:50.482 --> 00:07:55.681 This principle is known as Slow In, Slow Out 104 00:07:58.532 --> 00:08:01.782 Also called Ease In, Ease Out 105 00:08:01.782 --> 00:08:07.682 It follows one of the fundamental animation rules 106 00:08:07.682 --> 00:08:11.413 where motion starts slowly, accelerates in the middle, and slows down at the end 107 00:08:11.413 --> 00:08:17.913 The more frames placed between movements 108 00:08:17.913 --> 00:08:22.363 the slower the motion appears 109 00:08:22.363 --> 00:08:26.663 Conversely, when fewer frames are used in a section 110 00:08:26.663 --> 00:08:29.304 the motion appears faster 111 00:08:29.304 --> 00:08:32.604 Timing is determined by the number of frames 112 00:08:32.604 --> 00:08:38.335 placed between the start and end of a movement 113 00:08:41.097 --> 00:08:50.347 For example, if an action is divided into 12 frames 114 00:08:50.347 --> 00:08:55.197 the way those frames are distributed significantly 115 00:08:55.197 --> 00:09:00.067 affects the movement’s nuance 116 00:09:00.067 --> 00:09:09.167 Or, by adjusting the spacing like this 117 00:09:11.939 --> 00:09:14.239 and omitting some frames 118 00:09:19.179 --> 00:09:25.196 the nuance of the movement can make a huge difference 119 00:09:25.196 --> 00:09:30.446 If all frames are evenly spaced 120 00:09:30.446 --> 00:09:34.018 the motion will appear steady and slow 121 00:09:36.186 --> 00:09:42.147 If the frames are compressed into 6 frames, the action will appear much faster 122 00:09:42.147 --> 00:09:46.923 Timing is also used to depict external physical forces 123 00:09:46.923 --> 00:09:51.107 like gravity and inertia 124 00:09:51.107 --> 00:09:52.857 For instance 125 00:09:52.857 --> 00:09:55.642 the acceleration caused by gravity 126 00:09:55.642 --> 00:09:59.058 can be expressed through timing adjustments 127 00:09:59.058 --> 00:10:02.708 Timing can also convey weight 128 00:10:02.708 --> 00:10:05.968 not just speed changes 129 00:10:05.968 --> 00:10:11.988 Generally, slower movements create a sense of heaviness 130 00:10:11.988 --> 00:10:15.097 When expressing heaviness, the timing will be slow 131 00:10:19.543 --> 00:10:22.664 but the slower the timing, the heavier it feels 132 00:10:22.664 --> 00:10:25.493 regardless of the actual weight 133 00:10:25.493 --> 00:10:29.093 Consider how your steps feel heavier 134 00:10:31.934 --> 00:10:33.404 when you're exhausted 135 00:10:36.454 --> 00:10:42.998 even though your body weight hasn’t changed 136 00:10:42.998 --> 00:10:47.476 By adjusting movement nuances like this 137 00:10:47.476 --> 00:10:51.576 timing can effectively express fatigue, a character’s emotional state 138 00:10:51.576 --> 00:10:55.830 personality, or even the mood of a scene 139 00:10:55.830 --> 00:10:59.330 Even in static drawings, like comics 140 00:10:59.330 --> 00:11:04.230 choosing which moment of an action to depict 141 00:11:04.230 --> 00:11:08.325 can be considered a use of timing 142 00:11:08.325 --> 00:11:12.315 The third concept we will learn is Squash and Stretch 143 00:11:12.315 --> 00:11:14.415 Among today's topics 144 00:11:14.415 --> 00:11:18.064 this is the most crucial principle in drawing for animation 145 00:11:18.064 --> 00:11:21.214 Squash and Stretch refers to 146 00:11:21.214 --> 00:11:24.602 how an object’s shape deforms as it moves 147 00:11:24.602 --> 00:11:28.256 Squash occurs when an object is compressed 148 00:11:32.840 --> 00:11:36.820 For example, when a ball hits the ground 149 00:11:45.266 --> 00:11:48.616 it flattens and widens 150 00:11:48.616 --> 00:11:51.632 creating a squashed effect 151 00:11:53.840 --> 00:11:58.345 Stretch happens when an object elongates 152 00:11:58.345 --> 00:12:02.545 This often appears in dynamic motion 153 00:12:02.545 --> 00:12:05.645 such as when a ball bounces back into the air 154 00:12:05.645 --> 00:12:08.622 stretching vertically as it moves 155 00:12:08.622 --> 00:12:14.345 Take a look at the bouncing ball example 156 00:12:14.345 --> 00:12:20.018 The squash occurs when the ball 157 00:12:20.018 --> 00:12:23.667 hits the ground and flattens increasing its horizontal width 158 00:12:23.667 --> 00:12:26.711 The lowest point where the ball 159 00:12:26.711 --> 00:12:29.157 is most compressed represents squash 160 00:12:29.157 --> 00:12:37.107 Stretch happens just before and after impact 161 00:12:37.107 --> 00:12:41.097 notice how the ball elongates vertically as it moves 162 00:12:41.097 --> 00:12:49.139 Whether it’s stretching before hitting the ground or after bouncing upward 163 00:12:49.139 --> 00:12:54.018 these deformations create a sense of motion 164 00:12:54.018 --> 00:13:00.368 So, squash is mainly expressed in physical 165 00:13:00.368 --> 00:13:03.513 or preparatory situations right before exercise 166 00:13:03.513 --> 00:13:09.363 Stretch is now the part that stretches in the direction 167 00:13:09.363 --> 00:13:14.413 of the exercise when force is applied 168 00:13:14.413 --> 00:13:17.256 and the exercise is about to begin 169 00:13:17.256 --> 00:13:22.256 These two expressions can be seen as the essence of cartoon drawing 170 00:13:22.256 --> 00:13:28.562 Also, an important point in this concept is the change in the center of gravity 171 00:13:28.562 --> 00:13:30.312 This concept where weight and flexibility 172 00:13:30.312 --> 00:13:33.662 are expressed through shape transformation 173 00:13:33.662 --> 00:13:39.671 is because the volume and center of gravity are maintained constant 174 00:13:39.671 --> 00:13:49.121 even if the shape is exaggerated in this way 175 00:13:49.121 --> 00:13:52.454 so the movement looks natural 176 00:13:52.454 --> 00:13:56.504 So, in the case of this bouncing ball 177 00:13:56.504 --> 00:13:59.654 when the squash occurs on the floor 178 00:13:59.654 --> 00:14:01.754 hat is when it is pressed flat 179 00:14:01.754 --> 00:14:04.054 it doesn't feel like it's pressed flat 180 00:14:04.054 --> 00:14:06.804 but rather like the object has sunk 181 00:14:06.804 --> 00:14:09.751 or shrunk, right? 182 00:14:09.751 --> 00:14:12.610 Similarly, when it stretches 183 00:14:16.501 --> 00:14:19.051 it feels like the object has stretched out for a while 184 00:14:19.051 --> 00:14:23.127 but it doesn't feel like the volume has increased this much 185 00:14:23.127 --> 00:14:27.227 So, the important thing is that the volume 186 00:14:27.227 --> 00:14:29.860 shouldn't change much based on the visible area 187 00:14:29.860 --> 00:14:35.910 For example, if it has doubled horizontally 188 00:14:35.910 --> 00:14:40.414 it should be reduced vertically by twice as much 189 00:14:40.414 --> 00:14:47.068 Also, the center of gravity is always located and maintained at the center of gravity 190 00:14:50.998 --> 00:14:54.048 If it's shaking left and right 191 00:14:54.048 --> 00:15:04.857 like when you bend your arms back 192 00:15:10.757 --> 00:15:13.058 and stretch them forward 193 00:15:31.017 --> 00:15:38.345 the body will be the axis, right? 194 00:15:38.345 --> 00:15:41.145 The body is in the middle 195 00:15:41.145 --> 00:15:43.850 so the center of gravity functions as an axis 196 00:15:43.860 --> 00:15:47.960 If the center of gravity is deformed, it is out of orbit 197 00:15:47.960 --> 00:15:49.681 so it must be protected 198 00:15:51.711 --> 00:15:57.561 If it is deformed to this extent 199 00:16:01.204 --> 00:16:04.860 we feel like we leaned back and then stretched forward 200 00:16:04.860 --> 00:16:08.860 However, if the center of gravity is not here 201 00:16:08.860 --> 00:16:11.910 but moved more to the side 202 00:16:11.910 --> 00:16:14.602 t will also move to the side 203 00:16:14.602 --> 00:16:21.528 Then, we feel that we have moved our body 204 00:16:21.528 --> 00:16:25.563 so this body has stepped forward 205 00:16:25.563 --> 00:16:29.196 This does not fit the concept of squash and stretch 206 00:16:29.196 --> 00:16:32.305 So, the center of gravity must be protected 207 00:16:35.236 --> 00:16:37.886 Also, squash and stretch are used 208 00:16:37.886 --> 00:16:42.771 when the center of gravity moves, such as jumping or falling 209 00:16:42.771 --> 00:16:44.871 For example 210 00:16:44.871 --> 00:16:47.271 in this movement of lowering the body 211 00:16:47.271 --> 00:16:52.071 the center of gravity moves downward as the body 212 00:16:56.951 --> 00:17:00.959 is compressed through squash 213 00:17:04.355 --> 00:17:11.524 When the center of gravity moves upward while jumping 214 00:17:14.346 --> 00:17:16.296 stretch occurs 215 00:17:20.783 --> 00:17:25.562 and the movement is naturally connected 216 00:17:32.089 --> 00:17:36.139 In this way, the center of gravity 217 00:17:36.139 --> 00:17:37.572 must move in the middle of the core 218 00:17:40.512 --> 00:17:42.762 And you can also express weight 219 00:17:42.762 --> 00:17:45.364 with squash and stretch 220 00:17:45.364 --> 00:17:49.764 The heavier the object, the more the squash-pressing expression 221 00:17:49.764 --> 00:17:53.334 appears and the more distinct the center of gravity is 222 00:17:53.334 --> 00:17:56.992 You can feel this when you think of a light rubber ball 223 00:17:56.992 --> 00:17:58.413 and a water balloon 224 00:18:00.512 --> 00:18:04.275 Here is a rubber ball and a water balloon 225 00:18:08.502 --> 00:18:14.802 Or, in the case of a ping-pong ball or a hard rubber ball 226 00:18:14.802 --> 00:18:19.839 if it falls to the floor and collides like this 227 00:18:24.244 --> 00:18:29.844 it is pressed slightly like this 228 00:18:29.844 --> 00:18:34.494 and bounces back quickly like this 229 00:18:34.494 --> 00:18:40.894 However, when a water balloon is pressed 230 00:18:40.894 --> 00:18:47.076 it is pressed and squashed like this 231 00:18:47.076 --> 00:18:51.364 And it will expand like this for both sides 232 00:18:51.364 --> 00:18:54.614 The more the process of being pressed 233 00:18:54.614 --> 00:18:57.671 the more frames there are 234 00:19:02.156 --> 00:19:04.956 We learned this concept earlier 235 00:19:04.956 --> 00:19:06.656 so the more frames there are 236 00:19:06.656 --> 00:19:09.839 the slower and heavier it can feel 237 00:19:17.522 --> 00:19:21.599 Also, since the area touching the floor 238 00:19:21.599 --> 00:19:23.649 is much wider as it is pressed 239 00:19:26.599 --> 00:19:32.502 the center of gravity feels closer to the floor 240 00:19:32.502 --> 00:19:37.302 When you add a lot of these things, you can create 241 00:19:37.302 --> 00:19:43.482 a lively expression that feels like a movement, even when drawing a still picture 242 00:19:44.654 --> 00:19:48.317 Fundamental Movements of the Human Body 243 00:19:50.106 --> 00:19:53.106 We will learn three simple movements 244 00:19:53.106 --> 00:19:56.571 used in basic human body animation 245 00:19:56.571 --> 00:19:58.771 Walking, running, and lifting 246 00:19:58.771 --> 00:20:02.344 We will learn the three most basic movements 247 00:20:02.344 --> 00:20:05.144 All three of these are affected by 248 00:20:05.144 --> 00:20:09.320 gravity or other external forces 249 00:20:09.320 --> 00:20:13.470 Gravity acts on everyone equally 250 00:20:13.470 --> 00:20:16.360 so there are these immutable laws 251 00:20:16.360 --> 00:20:18.704 Let's look at the stages of walking one by one 252 00:20:18.704 --> 00:20:23.604 First is the contact stage 253 00:20:23.604 --> 00:20:25.054 This is the beginning 254 00:20:25.054 --> 00:20:27.904 The moment the front heel touches the front 255 00:20:27.904 --> 00:20:32.439 the moment this part touches 256 00:20:32.439 --> 00:20:37.747 the back foot pushes forward 257 00:20:42.480 --> 00:20:48.384 This is the movement of pushing the body forward 258 00:20:48.384 --> 00:20:53.000 The stage starts and progresses based on 259 00:20:53.000 --> 00:20:57.250 the moment when a new step begins 260 00:20:57.250 --> 00:21:02.197 and the area of ​​the front foot touches like this 261 00:21:02.197 --> 00:21:07.057 Next, the body goes down a bit 262 00:21:09.639 --> 00:21:18.125 The front knee bends, and the center of gravity moves slightly forward 263 00:21:18.125 --> 00:21:20.575 The center of gravity that was here before 264 00:21:20.575 --> 00:21:26.213 has now moved a little closer to the front foot 265 00:21:26.213 --> 00:21:29.663 The back foot is completely pushed off 266 00:21:29.663 --> 00:21:32.919 and almost off the ground 267 00:21:32.919 --> 00:21:38.720 Now, the center of gravity is not working on the back foot 268 00:21:38.720 --> 00:21:41.447 And the third is the passing pose 269 00:21:45.833 --> 00:21:49.983 Now, the back foot is moving forward 270 00:21:49.983 --> 00:21:54.279 and crossing the front foot, called the passing pose 271 00:21:54.279 --> 00:22:00.279 The center of gravity is completely on the front foot behind first 272 00:22:00.279 --> 00:22:00.955 Right? 273 00:22:04.355 --> 00:22:07.228 Next is up 274 00:22:07.228 --> 00:22:10.446 This is where the front foot pushes off the ground 275 00:22:15.720 --> 00:22:19.070 and goes up slightly like this 276 00:22:19.070 --> 00:22:21.800 This is the section where the body position is the highest 277 00:22:21.800 --> 00:22:26.240 As you can see, the center of gravity is unstable 278 00:22:26.240 --> 00:22:30.759 No foot is standing in the middle of this center of gravity 279 00:22:30.759 --> 00:22:33.609 This back foot is behind 280 00:22:33.609 --> 00:22:40.040 so it is a very momentary situation where it is supported only by the heel 281 00:22:40.040 --> 00:22:42.628 Finally, contact again 282 00:22:42.628 --> 00:22:47.340 The red opposite foot moving forward 283 00:22:47.340 --> 00:22:50.440 has completely moved forward 284 00:22:50.440 --> 00:22:53.340 When the back foot has completely moved forward 285 00:22:53.340 --> 00:22:56.247 and the heel touches again 286 00:22:59.425 --> 00:23:03.175 this is the end of the first contact 287 00:23:03.175 --> 00:23:06.707 and the beginning of the other side 288 00:23:11.639 --> 00:23:15.496 These five steps above are called the walking cycle 289 00:23:21.199 --> 00:23:22.864 If you just follow these five steps 290 00:23:22.864 --> 00:23:26.639 the key pose of the animation will be completely completed 291 00:23:26.639 --> 00:23:31.800 Let's fix the center of gravity in these movements and connect them 292 00:23:31.800 --> 00:23:39.080 The contact part and the down, the body goes down 293 00:23:39.080 --> 00:23:43.930 Then, in the passing pose, you move forward 294 00:23:43.930 --> 00:23:47.980 and in the full-up, you push the body completely forward 295 00:23:47.980 --> 00:23:52.580 You finish by taking the last step on the opposite foot 296 00:23:52.580 --> 00:23:56.130 Even though it's only five frames, the animation 297 00:23:56.130 --> 00:23:58.520 that feels like walking has been completed 298 00:23:58.520 --> 00:24:02.670 As such, these five movements are very important keys 299 00:24:02.670 --> 00:24:07.440 Next, let's learn the running motion 300 00:24:07.440 --> 00:24:10.290 Running motion is faster than walking 301 00:24:10.290 --> 00:24:12.414 and requires dynamic drawing 302 00:24:15.240 --> 00:24:22.421 The legs are stretched more 303 00:24:22.421 --> 00:24:27.959 and the knees are raised much higher 304 00:24:27.959 --> 00:24:30.259 The arms are not drawn here 305 00:24:30.259 --> 00:24:32.309 but when we sprint 306 00:24:32.309 --> 00:24:36.467 they are raised very high based on the hands or elbows 307 00:24:44.387 --> 00:24:48.837 Since it is a dynamic posture 308 00:24:48.837 --> 00:24:51.600 we can run in an attention posture 309 00:24:51.600 --> 00:24:57.232 but making the motion bigger 310 00:24:57.232 --> 00:25:00.336 suits the nuance of this running motion better 311 00:25:06.127 --> 00:25:09.277 Also, a flight phase is added 312 00:25:09.277 --> 00:25:14.880 where both feet are lifted off the ground at the same time 313 00:25:14.880 --> 00:25:20.602 This up phase becomes the flight phas 314 00:25:20.602 --> 00:25:23.802 This is quite different from walking 315 00:25:23.802 --> 00:25:25.184 The body's center 316 00:25:27.626 --> 00:25:29.836 is also tilted much further forward 317 00:25:34.241 --> 00:25:36.057 than in the walking motion 318 00:25:37.591 --> 00:25:41.200 If it were original, it would have been like this 319 00:25:41.200 --> 00:25:42.116 Because 320 00:25:47.200 --> 00:25:50.572 the width is wide before falling forward 321 00:25:50.572 --> 00:25:55.816 you can quickly extend your feet to support yourself 322 00:25:58.359 --> 00:26:01.777 The more the body leans forward 323 00:26:04.640 --> 00:26:09.390 the more directional momentum is added 324 00:26:09.390 --> 00:26:12.679 so the nuance of running can be emphasized more 325 00:26:12.679 --> 00:26:15.067 Let's take a look at this 326 00:26:17.119 --> 00:26:20.669 First, it starts with the same contact phase 327 00:26:20.669 --> 00:26:22.880 It starts a little more dynamically 328 00:26:22.880 --> 00:26:26.157 Since the center of gravity in jumping 329 00:26:28.519 --> 00:26:32.719 is greater than the downward gravity 330 00:26:32.719 --> 00:26:37.200 the vertical center of gravity is as important as the horizontal center of gravity 331 00:26:37.200 --> 00:26:43.679 Right now, the center of gravity is low and unstable in the middle 332 00:26:43.679 --> 00:26:47.087 Then, the next posture comes out just like that 333 00:26:47.087 --> 00:26:53.137 The center of gravity is completely transferred to the feet 334 00:26:53.137 --> 00:26:55.495 This can be considered the only stable posture 335 00:26:55.495 --> 00:26:57.705 in the walking cycle of jumping 336 00:27:00.959 --> 00:27:07.519 The legs absorb the shock when they hit the ground 337 00:27:07.519 --> 00:27:12.135 and now they bend their knees slightly 338 00:27:12.135 --> 00:27:15.600 to prepare for the forward propulsion 339 00:27:15.600 --> 00:27:19.000 The leg coming out from behind like this 340 00:27:19.000 --> 00:27:20.825 continues to come forward 341 00:27:20.825 --> 00:27:23.527 Next is the passing pose 342 00:27:25.920 --> 00:27:29.570 This intermediate phase is completely crossed 343 00:27:29.570 --> 00:27:32.359 so the front foot is extended forward 344 00:27:32.359 --> 00:27:35.909 And the back foot is completely pushing the ground 345 00:27:35.909 --> 00:27:37.816 and launching 346 00:27:41.945 --> 00:27:45.546 What is launching? It would be good for a stretch to occur, right? 347 00:27:49.519 --> 00:27:53.959 At this time, it would be good to give the back leg a stretch like this 348 00:27:53.959 --> 00:27:56.759 If you think of it as a stretchwhere it's just straight out 349 00:27:56.759 --> 00:28:00.909 and a squash where a slightly bent contraction occurs 350 00:28:00.909 --> 00:28:04.760 it's easy to apply 351 00:28:04.760 --> 00:28:08.093 It's especially useful in dynamic movements 352 00:28:08.093 --> 00:28:10.519 like this jumping motion 353 00:28:10.519 --> 00:28:13.469 Next is the flight phase 354 00:28:13.469 --> 00:28:16.119 Did you notice that a slightly different phase was added? 355 00:28:16.119 --> 00:28:19.226 It's a posture where both feet come off the ground 356 00:28:19.226 --> 00:28:23.079 and you're floating in the air like this 357 00:28:23.079 --> 00:28:26.507 Since the center of gravity is now above 358 00:28:32.193 --> 00:28:40.293 only the center of gravity above and below is meaningful 359 00:28:40.293 --> 00:28:42.960 not left and right 360 00:28:42.960 --> 00:28:46.360 If you look at the pendulum I showed you in the timing 361 00:28:46.360 --> 00:28:50.876 you can see it as the 4th phase completely in the middle 362 00:28:53.039 --> 00:28:57.039 So it's a part that passes by in an instant 363 00:28:57.039 --> 00:29:00.559 The last contact phase begins again 364 00:29:00.559 --> 00:29:03.959 When the heel of the forward leg touches the ground 365 00:29:03.959 --> 00:29:07.760 it will be the next contact phase 366 00:29:07.760 --> 00:29:12.559 If we draw a still picture of running 367 00:29:12.559 --> 00:29:16.159 it would be good to express a passing pose or a posture 368 00:29:16.159 --> 00:29:20.858 in the flight phase with enhanced dynamics and directionality 369 00:29:20.858 --> 00:29:23.760 The last movement to learn is lifting 370 00:29:23.760 --> 00:29:27.917 The most important thing to draw for lifting is the backbone 371 00:29:32.000 --> 00:29:36.000 and the next thing to pay attention to is expressing weight 372 00:29:36.000 --> 00:29:41.440 To express weight, focus on the squash when lowering the body 373 00:29:41.440 --> 00:29:45.290 before lifting an object and the stretch when lifting 374 00:29:45.290 --> 00:29:46.794 You can focus on this 375 00:29:50.407 --> 00:29:56.001 The more the center of gravity is concentrated on the object, the more weight is felt 376 00:29:56.001 --> 00:30:00.101 The more you bend your knees and extend your arms toward the object 377 00:30:00.101 --> 00:30:03.189 the more the center of gravity moves from the person to the object 378 00:30:03.189 --> 00:30:05.318 Then, shall we look at each movement? 379 00:30:05.318 --> 00:30:08.764 First, there is an object like that and a person like that 380 00:30:08.764 --> 00:30:13.546 Do you see the red line on the back? 381 00:30:13.546 --> 00:30:17.146 That represents the line of the backbone 382 00:30:17.146 --> 00:30:20.239 Please pay attention to how the backbone bends 383 00:30:20.239 --> 00:30:23.556 and how it works when you apply force 384 00:30:23.556 --> 00:30:25.239 You can focus on that 385 00:30:25.239 --> 00:30:27.239 Now, shall we take a closer look? 386 00:30:27.239 --> 00:30:29.239 First preparatory movement 387 00:30:29.239 --> 00:30:32.388 You bend your body slightly to lift the object 388 00:30:37.862 --> 00:30:41.762 Lower your body, bend your knees 389 00:30:41.762 --> 00:30:44.001 and extend your arms towards the object 390 00:30:44.001 --> 00:30:48.853 Your back straightens and arches inward 391 00:30:48.853 --> 00:30:53.153 When the object is not bigv 392 00:30:53.153 --> 00:30:56.179 and heavy, this movement is 393 00:30:56.179 --> 00:30:59.979 often completed by holding it as is 394 00:30:59.979 --> 00:31:03.140 and extending your arms to straighten your back 395 00:31:06.615 --> 00:31:07.586 Like this 396 00:31:11.665 --> 00:31:13.239 Second stage of preparation 397 00:31:17.328 --> 00:31:21.328 While sticking the object to your body as much as possible 398 00:31:21.328 --> 00:31:24.684 bend your back toward the object's outline 399 00:31:24.684 --> 00:31:28.284 By sticking your body as tightly as possible to the object 400 00:31:28.284 --> 00:31:31.239 you are expressing that the object is heavy 401 00:31:31.239 --> 00:31:37.625 As the center of gravity sticks, it moves from your body to the object 402 00:31:37.625 --> 00:31:41.239 Since the object is heavy 403 00:31:41.239 --> 00:31:43.539 if the center of gravity is far from your body 404 00:31:43.539 --> 00:31:45.655 it will be difficult to support yourself and stand 405 00:31:45.655 --> 00:31:47.769 That is why you express that the center of gravity 406 00:31:47.769 --> 00:31:50.803 is as close to the object as possible 407 00:31:50.803 --> 00:31:52.848 Also, while sticking to your body 408 00:31:52.848 --> 00:31:56.863 through this preparation movement 409 00:31:56.863 --> 00:31:59.051 Back is bent, right? 410 00:31:59.051 --> 00:32:02.901 Being bent means your body is stuck to the object 411 00:32:02.901 --> 00:32:05.397 and contracted 412 00:32:05.397 --> 00:32:07.338 which causes squash 413 00:32:07.338 --> 00:32:11.338 That is why your body is compressed as much as possible 414 00:32:11.338 --> 00:32:13.988 Also, since you will be stretching later 415 00:32:13.988 --> 00:32:17.140 by applying force in the opposite direction 416 00:32:17.140 --> 00:32:21.490 sticking as close as possible to the bottom 417 00:32:24.460 --> 00:32:25.750 as 418 00:32:29.832 --> 00:32:31.992 a preparation movement is better 419 00:32:38.001 --> 00:32:39.001 Like this 420 00:32:46.982 --> 00:32:49.397 Next is the lifting movement 421 00:32:49.397 --> 00:32:57.239 As you lift the object while slightly straightening your legs 422 00:32:57.239 --> 00:33:01.704 the center of gravity also goes up, right? 423 00:33:04.833 --> 00:33:10.239 The top goes up, but the legs stay slightly apart 424 00:33:10.239 --> 00:33:14.239 And the back, the back is not completely straightened 425 00:33:14.239 --> 00:33:19.407 but slowly goes back, and the curve gradually becomes gentler 426 00:33:21.992 --> 00:33:24.239 You can see that the force 427 00:33:28.071 --> 00:33:30.871 is applied upwards, or in this case, to the upper right 428 00:33:30.871 --> 00:33:33.764 as much as possible 429 00:33:33.764 --> 00:33:38.813 Since you are applying a tremendous amount of force from here, the hand is heavy 430 00:33:38.813 --> 00:33:42.239 so the weight is now going down due to gravity 431 00:33:42.239 --> 00:33:46.744 and the shoulder is going up because it is trying to lift 432 00:33:46.744 --> 00:33:47.981 Then what happens? 433 00:33:47.981 --> 00:33:50.140 The arm will be pulled tight 434 00:33:50.140 --> 00:33:52.833 Then, the arm part will also stretch 435 00:33:58.645 --> 00:34:03.645 Here is the second lifting posture 436 00:34:03.645 --> 00:34:05.932 When you try to lift it higher 437 00:34:05.932 --> 00:34:12.377 you exert more force once more 438 00:34:12.377 --> 00:34:15.813 and instead of holding it back and upwards like before 439 00:34:15.813 --> 00:34:18.496 you exert a lot of force very suddenly 440 00:34:18.496 --> 00:34:24.239 and your bent upper body will turn in the opposite direction 441 00:34:24.239 --> 00:34:25.615 As you exert all your strength 442 00:34:28.467 --> 00:34:31.585 your waist will bend in the opposite direction 443 00:34:33.249 --> 00:34:37.714 Your chest will also expand like this, and you can’t see your stomach 444 00:34:39.486 --> 00:34:44.585 but your upper body will move backward, and your arms will be pulled in more 445 00:34:44.585 --> 00:34:47.328 It will stretch much more than before 446 00:34:47.328 --> 00:34:50.882 In cartoonish terms, if you express your arms a little longer than before 447 00:34:50.882 --> 00:34:55.120 and make them thinner, as if they are stretched like rubber bands 448 00:34:55.120 --> 00:34:58.377 you will feel a better stretch 449 00:34:58.377 --> 00:35:01.595 Stretching backward and upward is a movement 450 00:35:01.595 --> 00:35:04.962 that is often expressed even when exerting all your strength 451 00:35:06.467 --> 00:35:10.080 Next is the carrying phase 452 00:35:10.080 --> 00:35:12.457 The first phase of carrying 453 00:35:12.457 --> 00:35:15.734 Now, you have completely lifted the object to your chest 454 00:35:15.734 --> 00:35:18.229 You can see that your chest is much more open than before 455 00:35:20.863 --> 00:35:24.744 and unlike before, your stomach is much more protruded 456 00:35:24.744 --> 00:35:28.595 and raised from the front line of your body 457 00:35:31.091 --> 00:35:35.645 Because if you stick your stomach out, your back will also bend much more 458 00:35:35.645 --> 00:35:37.615 which will cause a back injury 459 00:35:40.655 --> 00:35:42.655 This should not happen 460 00:35:45.684 --> 00:35:49.922 Also, since the center of gravity is higher in the picture 461 00:35:49.922 --> 00:35:54.031 all the strength should be concentrated on the upper part 462 00:35:54.031 --> 00:35:58.288 In the second carrying posture 463 00:35:58.288 --> 00:36:01.932 you can see that your entire body is more firmly extended 464 00:36:01.932 --> 00:36:05.032 and your spine is firmly extended 465 00:36:05.032 --> 00:36:07.061 You can see that 466 00:36:07.061 --> 00:36:09.061 This is not a squash or a stretch 467 00:36:09.061 --> 00:36:11.714 but a stiff, straight line 468 00:36:11.714 --> 00:36:14.239 When we lift heavy objects 469 00:36:14.239 --> 00:36:18.239 if our backs are bent or curved like before, we get hurt 470 00:36:21.358 --> 00:36:24.298 To fully support the weight and apply force 471 00:36:24.298 --> 00:36:27.833 the bones of our back, or to be precise, the muscles that support the bones 472 00:36:27.833 --> 00:36:31.764 must be tense and tensed 473 00:36:31.764 --> 00:36:34.595 so that they are in a state like a rigid bar 474 00:36:34.595 --> 00:36:37.244 A straight line is more suitable 475 00:36:37.244 --> 00:36:40.595 than a curved line 476 00:36:40.595 --> 00:36:43.095 Only after holding the muscles in this stable manner 477 00:36:43.095 --> 00:36:46.744 can we carry it 478 00:36:46.744 --> 00:36:48.001 Putting down posture 479 00:36:50.962 --> 00:36:55.962 When you put down the object, your body 480 00:36:55.962 --> 00:36:58.665 will surely go down 481 00:36:58.665 --> 00:37:03.942 At the same time, the spine that was pulled tight or stretched out again 482 00:37:03.942 --> 00:37:06.742 that is, the overall line of the body 483 00:37:06.742 --> 00:37:09.298 if it was like this before 484 00:37:09.298 --> 00:37:14.773 will bend inward and squash 485 00:37:14.773 --> 00:37:18.249 The stretched line will squash again 486 00:37:18.249 --> 00:37:25.922 As the tension in the body is completely released, the taut arms and body lines 487 00:37:25.922 --> 00:37:30.546 can now be expressed as a curved line 488 00:37:30.546 --> 00:37:32.477 Slightly bent 489 00:37:32.477 --> 00:37:35.239 All the techniques expressed in lifting 490 00:37:35.239 --> 00:37:37.489 as I explained several times earlier 491 00:37:37.489 --> 00:37:40.536 can be applied not only to lifting heavy objects 492 00:37:40.536 --> 00:37:45.368 but also to all movements that require strength 493 00:37:45.368 --> 00:37:47.568 When you draw like this in the future 494 00:37:47.568 --> 00:37:50.081 for example, when lifting a heavy object 495 00:37:50.081 --> 00:37:53.942 don't draw it in a dry pose 496 00:37:53.942 --> 00:37:58.742 with a hand at the end of the object 497 00:37:58.742 --> 00:38:01.239 and it is just being held like this 498 00:38:01.239 --> 00:38:04.039 If you draw it while using the nuances of the curve 499 00:38:04.039 --> 00:38:07.239 and the sense of weight 500 00:38:07.239 --> 00:38:09.665 you can express it vividly 501 00:38:09.665 --> 00:38:13.278 Let's summarize what we learned in this lesson 502 00:38:13.278 --> 00:38:15.228 First, we learned about the principles of 503 00:38:15.228 --> 00:38:18.130 movement using the walking cycle 504 00:38:18.130 --> 00:38:20.880 We also learned about the animation methods for 505 00:38:20.880 --> 00:38:24.031 walking, running, and lifting 506 00:38:24.031 --> 00:38:25.675 Thank you 507 00:38:26.851 --> 00:38:28.051 Principles of movement Understanding movement using shapes 508 00:38:28.051 --> 00:38:29.251 Arc: Movement in animation moves along an arc, and the audience can understand the character's actions more easily in the curved movement that draws an arc 509 00:38:29.251 --> 00:38:30.451 Timing: Controlling the speed and rhythm of movement, determined by how many frames are inserted between the start and end of the movement 510 00:38:30.451 --> 00:38:31.682 Squash & Stretch Squash: An expression of the shape widening as the ball flattens when it hits the ground Stretch: Refers to when an object stretches and becomes longer 511 00:38:31.682 --> 00:38:32.932 Basic movements of the human body Walking Contact (start): The moment the front heel touches the ground, the back foot pushes forward Down: The body goes down slightly, and the back foot pushes off the ground and comes off 512 00:38:32.932 --> 00:38:34.182 Passing pose (middle): The back foot moves forward and intersects the front foot Up: The front foot pushes off the ground and rises slightly Contact (end): When the back foot moves completely forward, it returns to step 1 (contact) 513 00:38:34.182 --> 00:38:35.432 Running Contact: The front of the foot, not the heel, touches the ground Down: The center of gravity Transfer to the foot that touched the ground Passing pose: Extend the back leg and strongly press the ground 514 00:38:35.432 --> 00:38:36.685 Up (flight): Both feet are lifted off the ground and are in the air Contact: The heel of the forward leg touches the ground and leads to the next step (contact) 515 00:38:36.685 --> 00:38:38.335 Lifting Preparation 1: Lower the body to lift the object, bend the knees and extend the arms toward the object Preparation 2: Close the body to the object as much as possible and bend the back in the opposite direction 516 00:38:38.335 --> 00:38:39.985 Lifting 1: Lift the object while straightening the legs and raising the center of gravity Lifting 2: When trying to lift a little higher, the bent back bends in the opposite direction as the force is applied backwards and upwards 517 00:38:39.985 --> 00:38:41.605 Carrying: Chest rises more than the stomach to support the object Putting down: Lowering the object and squashing the body again as the body lowers