WEBVTT

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Game Basics
Game Level Design

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GCC Academy

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Hello everyone

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This is Tak Kwang-wook, in charge of Unity Game Programming

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In this section, we will work on decorating the space,

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focusing on the level design process

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We will learn how to create a 3D model
based on an apartment floor plan,

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apply colors to the 3D model,

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and match lighting to make the space look realistic

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Creating a 3D Space Using a 2D Floor Plan and Applying Materials

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I searched for an apartment floor plan online

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Based on this floor plan,

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I will create a 3D model in Unity

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The floor plan is in millimeters,

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but the unit used in Unity

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is the same as 1 meter

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For example,

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let's look at this number

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A measurement of 1840mm in the floor plan

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will be represented as 10.84m in Unity,

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converted into meters

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Please note this unit conversion

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We will continuously refer to the image

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that we have open for guidance

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If you have a dual monitor setup,

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I recommend displaying this image on the second monitor

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and checking it while working on Unity

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Please notice that

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I have created a new scene

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and saved it as Interior

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Let’s start by creating the apartment in this space

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First, we will create the floor

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The floor is 10.84m in width

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and 4.3m in length

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Let’s create the floor by following these dimensions

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Click the + button to create a 3D Object and choose a Cube

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We will name the cube

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as Ground to represent the floor

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So this cube will be our floor

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When adding any object, I will place it at the origin as a rule

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So it's at the origin

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Looking at the floor plan, the width is 10.84m

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so enter 18,040 for the Z-axis

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and 10.84 for the X-axis

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In Unity, the Z-axis points forward,

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X-axis points to the right, and the Y-axis points upward

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This is likely what you're seeing now

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In Unity,

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Z is the forward direction,

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X is to the right,

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or the red,

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the red arrow pointing to the right

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So this is Right

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The right side

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And the green Y is up,

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so the Y axis is Up

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The upward direction

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So, generally, with the Gizmo,

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the blue arrow faces the front,

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the red arrow points to the right,

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and the green arrow points upward

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When these arrows align as such,
we can consider the direction correct

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Based on this, let’s set the X-axis as the width,
the Z-axis as the depth,

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a nd the Y-axis as the height

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Since the floor plan is a long apartment on the right,

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let’s input 10.84 for the X-axis

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To do this, select the cube,

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or our Ground,

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and enter 10.84 in the Scale X value

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The cube should now stretch horizontally

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For the Z-axis, the value is 4300,

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so we will input 4.3

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4.3 for the Z-axis

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Now the floor is sized correctly, but the height is too thick

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It's a very thick floor

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Typically, walls are about 10cm thick,

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so we will adjust the Y-axis to 0.1

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to represent a 10cm wall thickness

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Done

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We're done with the floor

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Let's move on from the left side

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Next, we will begin with the balcony, bedroom, and kitchen

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We will start by creating the bathroom and bedroom

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and place them on the right side for a natural layout

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That will be the order

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The exact measurements are not the main focus here

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The goal today

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is not to have these exact numbers,

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but is to get the general feel and proportion right

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So we'll proceed with that

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To start, we will create the left wall of the balcony

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Click the + button, select 3D Object, and choose Cube

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This will be the balcony, so let’s name it

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Balcony,

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and since it's the first, Balcony01

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Place it near the correct location

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and adjust the size first

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For the depth, we’ll input 4.3

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the wall thickness is 0.1,

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which is our x-axis,

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the horizontal thickness, so X is 0.1

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and the height is 1 now

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For a regular house, we need at least 2m

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Y-axis will be 2m for human height

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Now, we can move it

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Move it

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Now that the wall is sized, we'll snap it as we learned

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Se the V key to snap it to the correct corner

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by dragging and dropping it to the corner

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For the upper wall, follow the same process

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Let's make a balcony wall

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Click the + button, choose Cube,

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and name it

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Balcony 02 for the wall

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This wall will be used as the top wall,

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so let’s start by creating the width first

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Looking at the floor plan, the width is 1340,

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o it’s best to set 1.34 for the X-axis

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The height is set to 2m,

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which is standard for human height

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We’ve also set the wall thickness

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to 0.1m or 10cm

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Now, let’s move the wall

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Press V

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Snap it into place at the corner

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Move

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Perfect

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Now that the wall is positioned,

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let’s copy the Balcony 2 to use on the floor

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Let's copy Balcony02

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Press Ctrl-D to duplicate

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and rename it as Balcony 3 or 03

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and now Move

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Now, position it in place using the snap feature with the V key,

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and the wall is successfully created

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Next, for the right wall, we’ll use the left wall as a reference

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Duplicate Balcony 1

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by pressing Ctrl-D

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Rename it to Balcony 4 and position it

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That's a simple way of doing this

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Once done, use the V key to snap it into place,

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and the wall will be set

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With this, the Balcony partition is now created

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Next, we will create the right bedroom

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We will start

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by creating the wall on the left side,

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which will divide the balcony and the bedroom

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This can be done using one wall, but

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when we apply materials later,

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we’ll see that

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for different colors and textures,

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objects can only have one color at a time

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To change the color of the object,
we need to use several techniques

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Therefore, we will create one more wall

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to have two walls,

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each with a different color

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Let’s duplicate the wall 4

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So Duplicate the wall at 4

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by pressing Ctrl-D,

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separate it for clarity

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and name it

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Big Room for clarity

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BigRoom01

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This will be

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a very clear name for it

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Use V to snap it on

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This wall will be for the large bedroom

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We will now create the bedroom on the right

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You could create a new object by pressing the plus button,

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but it might be easier to copy the balcony wall on the left like this

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Let’s press Ctrl-D to duplicate it

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and rename it as Big Room 02

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Now, let’s adjust the size

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For the X-axis, the width is 3150

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So, we will set 3.15 for the X-axis,

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and that will be the width of the bedroom

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Since this is a copy of the balcony object,

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there’s no need to adjust the height or thickness

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We will just move it using the snap feature,
and that should be fine

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Now, the wall is positioned properly

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For the bottom part, we will copy the Big Room 02 object

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by pressing Ctrl-D, and quickly move it into place

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Looking at the current Hierarchy,

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we’ve been duplicating

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and moving objects from the balcony,

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but this makes the structure a bit harder to manage

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So, let’s organize the balcony objects separately

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and the big room objects separately

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Now, we will create the bedroom and bathroom
from the other end

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It would be good to copy the Big Room object for this

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Let’s press Ctrl-D to duplicate it and move it

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We’ll move it down

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and name it

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Small Room

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You can adjust the measurements as you like

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As long as the overall feel is similar, it doesn’t need to be exact

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Now, let’s create the bathroom at the end

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Next, let’s create the outer walls

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We’ll make the walls stretch,

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stretch

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along the outside of the apartment

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So that this can be the wall for the entire house

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So for this wall,

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let’s add a new wall

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Press the plus button, select 3D Object,

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and name it Wall

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When we place it, it will protrude at the bottom,

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but we will ignore that for now

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We will copy this outer wall as well,
just like we did with the other one

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This will complete the basic shape of the apartment

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Now, let’s add colors to the walls

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Let's color this house

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Before we start coloring,
let’s review the principles of material expression in 3D space

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Most 3D programs,

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like Unity, Blender, Max, or Maya,

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these 3D programs

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use a similar structure to show objects

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First, there are points, lines, and planes

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to form a mesh that shapes the object

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Then, there are elements like numbers, colors,

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or images to express texture,

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which is material
These two elements

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are what allow us to visually represent a 3D object

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For visual representation, these two elements are essential

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In Unity, there is also a component called collider

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to define areas for collision detection

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There are also other components

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that combine to form a game object

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Now, we will apply materials

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to add colors to the object

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Let’s start by coloring the living room

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Materials are created in the Project window

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To organize resources easily,

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we will create a folder

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Right-click on the Assets folder and create a new folder

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Or click on the plus button to select on it

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and create a new folder

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We'll make an Art foler

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to add the Assets here

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Inside this folder,

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right-click

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or press the plus button

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I will choose

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to right-click in the empty space

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Coose Create > Material

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to create a new material

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Let’s name it MAT

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for Material

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MAT_

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We're going to color the living room orange

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So let's say Orange

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for this Material name

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Once the material is created,

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you can see various options
in the Inspector window on the right

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Next, the current state shows two lines extending downward

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If you grab these two lines and move them upward,

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you will be able to see the preview of the Material

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At the top, you’ll notice an option labeled Albedo

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Next to it is a small white square

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Clicking this square will allow you to choose a color

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Let’s click on the orange color here

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The outer circle is where you select the color

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I’ll rotate it towards orange

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and adjust the saturation and brightness
by using the inner square

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Right now, the black circle is set to white,

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which is why no color is appearing

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If I move this circle towards the upper-right corner,

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you will see that orange appears

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You can see it in the preview

270
00:17:32.145 --> 00:17:38.645
So this Material can be thought of as orange-colored paint

271
00:17:40.654 --> 00:17:43.634
Now, let’s apply this Material to the wall

272
00:17:44.334 --> 00:17:47.694
To put it to the wall,

273
00:17:48.174 --> 00:17:50.614
we can either drag and drop the material

274
00:17:50.974 --> 00:17:51.859
onto the wall

275
00:17:51.920 --> 00:17:55.446
or click the wall,

276
00:17:55.934 --> 00:18:02.514
go to the Inspector, and find the Mesh Renderer component

277
00:18:02.734 --> 00:18:05.874
In the Materials section,

278
00:18:07.094 --> 00:18:08.614
you see the menu for it

279
00:18:08.614 --> 00:18:13.514
You can drag and drop the material there as well

280
00:18:13.814 --> 00:18:14.853
They're the same,

281
00:18:14.854 --> 00:18:16.514
either by dragging and dropping

282
00:18:16.514 --> 00:18:20.943
or directly applying it through the Materials section

283
00:18:22.812 --> 00:18:25.781
After that,

284
00:18:25.782 --> 00:18:29.004
when we try to apply it to the interior walls,

285
00:18:29.283 --> 00:18:31.563
you will see that the outer walls,

286
00:18:32.992 --> 00:18:34.532
the exterior

287
00:18:34.533 --> 00:18:36.123
and even the large room

288
00:18:36.432 --> 00:18:39.472
The walls there are also all colored in

289
00:18:39.771 --> 00:18:43.443
Since only one material can be applied to each object,

290
00:18:43.444 --> 00:18:45.863
at least according to the settings now,

291
00:18:46.308 --> 00:18:50.967
both sides of the object will be orange by default

292
00:18:51.492 --> 00:18:53.183
To prevent this,

293
00:18:53.466 --> 00:19:00.485
like the living room and large rooms,

294
00:19:00.716 --> 00:19:03.756
we need to create separate walls for each section,

295
00:19:04.052 --> 00:19:05.723
like inside the wall here,

296
00:19:05.804 --> 00:19:08.929
and this area where it meets the large room,

297
00:19:09.591 --> 00:19:10.591
and then here

298
00:19:11.012 --> 00:19:16.692
We need to make separate walls for all these

299
00:19:19.332 --> 00:19:22.231
I'll do that and come back

300
00:19:24.972 --> 00:19:30.712
After creating the interior wall to match the living room,

301
00:19:30.713 --> 00:19:35.744
I painted it with an orange material

302
00:19:37.911 --> 00:19:44.501
Now, let’s make the large room inside orange as well

303
00:19:45.451 --> 00:19:48.282
You might want to do it like this

304
00:19:48.283 --> 00:19:50.203
Drag and drop,

305
00:19:50.517 --> 00:19:54.297
change the material’s color to orange

306
00:19:54.651 --> 00:19:57.771
This could be your thought process

307
00:19:57.888 --> 00:19:59.808
What happens is,

308
00:20:00.411 --> 00:20:05.603
the material on the interior of the living room,

309
00:20:06.739 --> 00:20:10.139
which was orange, also changes to yellow

310
00:20:10.252 --> 00:20:17.252
You can see that the material asset in the project window
is shared across the scene view

311
00:20:17.252 --> 00:20:21.592
Therefore, if you want to make it yellow here,

312
00:20:21.911 --> 00:20:25.091
you’ll need to create a new material of a different color

313
00:20:26.051 --> 00:20:27.052
Now, let’s switch back,

314
00:20:27.445 --> 00:20:31.745
create a new material

315
00:20:31.745 --> 00:20:32.430
by right-clicking

316
00:20:32.632 --> 00:20:33.393
Create

317
00:20:33.913 --> 00:20:34.608
Material

318
00:20:35.033 --> 00:20:39.033
I'll name it MAT_YELLOW

319
00:20:39.033 --> 00:20:43.820
Click on the Albedo white square,
change the color to yellow,

320
00:20:43.821 --> 00:20:47.123
then drag and drop the new color onto the large room’s wall

321
00:20:47.843 --> 00:20:53.192
Now, the large room will be painted yellow

322
00:20:54.412 --> 00:20:57.292
Thus, we see that materials

323
00:20:57.972 --> 00:21:01.853
are composed of a single texture in Unity

324
00:21:02.466 --> 00:21:08.266
Now, we will create new materials for each room,

325
00:21:09.945 --> 00:21:13.231
and apply different colors to each

326
00:21:14.211 --> 00:21:18.591
You’ll see various options in the Inspector window

327
00:21:18.996 --> 00:21:20.896
We’ve only changed the color for now

328
00:21:22.171 --> 00:21:25.213
But there are other options you can adjust

329
00:21:25.538 --> 00:21:26.838
Let’s now explore

330
00:21:26.938 --> 00:21:29.209
some basic concepts of materials

331
00:21:29.412 --> 00:21:32.772
Let's learn about the theory behind materials

332
00:21:33.682 --> 00:21:36.582
Looking at the Inspector,

333
00:21:36.772 --> 00:21:43.112
you’ll see the name we created at the top,

334
00:21:43.629 --> 00:21:46.828
and below that, the Shader section

335
00:21:46.828 --> 00:21:48.572
Right now, it’s set to Standard

336
00:21:48.573 --> 00:21:51.353
So let’s take a look at this shader

337
00:21:52.332 --> 00:21:55.673
A shader is a formula or function

338
00:21:55.673 --> 00:21:58.930
that decides how something will look

339
00:21:58.930 --> 00:22:00.699
It's like a function

340
00:22:01.305 --> 00:22:04.172
For example, it can make an object look like liquid,

341
00:22:04.173 --> 00:22:05.522
cartoonish,

342
00:22:06.117 --> 00:22:07.577
translucent,

343
00:22:08.404 --> 00:22:10.744
or make the outline visible

344
00:22:10.745 --> 00:22:16.641
This is a formula for various visual effects

345
00:22:17.241 --> 00:22:24.931
The basic formula for this shader is the PBR system

346
00:22:24.931 --> 00:22:28.311
Unity uses the PBR system

347
00:22:31.892 --> 00:22:33.413
So what is it?

348
00:22:33.981 --> 00:22:36.841
PBR stands

349
00:22:37.752 --> 00:22:40.553
for Physically Based Rendering

350
00:22:40.554 --> 00:22:47.195
In the real world, light reflects off the surface of objects
and this reflection is what our eyes recognize as the object

351
00:22:47.452 --> 00:22:52.752
In 3D spaces, Unity mimics this real-world phenomenon

352
00:22:53.724 --> 00:22:59.403
Light is shot towards an object,

353
00:22:59.743 --> 00:23:03.832
and when it hits the surface, the material shader
computes it using complex physics formulas

354
00:23:03.968 --> 00:23:07.368
The camera then captures this reflected light,

355
00:23:07.572 --> 00:23:10.722
allowing us to recognize the material of the object

356
00:23:11.861 --> 00:23:14.200
By simulating reality,

357
00:23:14.201 --> 00:23:17.210
we can achieve realistic, lifelike visuals

358
00:23:17.211 --> 00:23:19.971
In the past, complex physical calculations

359
00:23:19.971 --> 00:23:22.022
weren’t feasible for real-time engines,

360
00:23:22.335 --> 00:23:28.654
so they were mostly used in 3D rendering software
like 3ds Max, Maya, or Blender.

361
00:23:28.771 --> 00:23:31.133
However, with advancements in computer performance,

362
00:23:31.214 --> 00:23:37.453
By adding certain properties to the existing
physical calculations and reclassifying several parameters,

363
00:23:37.453 --> 00:23:41.992
we can now achieve near-photorealistic results
in real-time engines

364
00:23:42.352 --> 00:23:49.011
Another big advantage of the PBR system is that

365
00:23:49.011 --> 00:23:51.053
with just one shader,

366
00:23:51.053 --> 00:23:54.925
we can express everyday materials we use in life

367
00:23:55.572 --> 00:23:59.592
In the material instance window,

368
00:23:59.988 --> 00:24:02.647
by adjusting these values,

369
00:24:02.972 --> 00:24:08.215
you can create materials that resemble plastic, wood,
stone, and more

370
00:24:08.849 --> 00:24:13.889
In the past, different shaders were required
to represent various materials,

371
00:24:14.051 --> 00:24:17.013
and each shader had

372
00:24:17.014 --> 00:24:18.844
unique parameters,

373
00:24:19.194 --> 00:24:21.374
such as numbers, colors,

374
00:24:21.375 --> 00:24:23.254
and coordinates

375
00:24:23.412 --> 00:24:26.362
These are examples of parameters

376
00:24:26.548 --> 00:24:29.828
These parameters needed to be adjusted individually

377
00:24:29.829 --> 00:24:31.371
Even for the same material,

378
00:24:31.538 --> 00:24:36.377
you often had to input parameters differently
depending on the situation

379
00:24:36.377 --> 00:24:37.952
It was not efficient

380
00:24:38.154 --> 00:24:42.074
However, with the introduction of the PBR System,

381
00:24:42.361 --> 00:24:45.901
it became possible to create
and express various materials

382
00:24:46.051 --> 00:24:49.092
in a unified way using a single shader,

383
00:24:49.158 --> 00:24:53.038
significantly improving content quality

384
00:24:53.211 --> 00:24:57.312
Even by simply modifying a few key properties of the shader,

385
00:24:57.413 --> 00:24:59.613
it’s possible to create a variety of materials

386
00:25:00.252 --> 00:25:05.373
Here, Albedo, Metallic, and Smoothness

387
00:25:05.373 --> 00:25:11.150
are examples of what can create such textures

388
00:25:11.371 --> 00:25:14.283
Keys to this PBR System

389
00:25:15.164 --> 00:25:17.904
are Albedo, Metallic, and Smoothness

390
00:25:18.352 --> 00:25:25.472
And we'll also learn about one more commonly used parameter

391
00:25:25.532 --> 00:25:29.112
First, Albedo, you’ve likely already experienced it,

392
00:25:29.243 --> 00:25:30.984
as we used the color picker

393
00:25:30.984 --> 00:25:37.443
on the right to change colors earlier

394
00:25:37.583 --> 00:25:41.372
Albedo represents the inherent color

395
00:25:41.769 --> 00:25:43.889
of the material

396
00:25:43.972 --> 00:25:48.871
You might have already noticed this change
in the preview window when you adjusted it earlier

397
00:25:49.651 --> 00:25:51.163
Next is Metallic

398
00:25:51.605 --> 00:25:54.685
Metallic represents

399
00:25:55.120 --> 00:25:57.119
whether the material is metallic or not

400
00:25:57.218 --> 00:26:00.718
If the value is 0, it’s non-metallic; if it’s 1, it’s metallic

401
00:26:01.012 --> 00:26:04.143
For instance, setting the slider
to 0 represents a non-metal material like rubber,

402
00:26:05.241 --> 00:26:08.021
and setting it to 1 changes it

403
00:26:08.022 --> 00:26:09.722
to a metallic material like gold

404
00:26:09.722 --> 00:26:10.872
0 for non-metal,

405
00:26:11.514 --> 00:26:12.674
1 for metal

406
00:26:12.815 --> 00:26:17.135
You can observe the change in the preview window below

407
00:26:18.211 --> 00:26:21.572
When set to 0, it looks like a rubber texture

408
00:26:21.573 --> 00:26:23.089
Like rubber

409
00:26:23.252 --> 00:26:26.013
When set to 1, it resembles gold

410
00:26:26.014 --> 00:26:27.761
Now, Smoothness

411
00:26:27.762 --> 00:26:32.711
Smoothness refers to the surface smoothness of the material

412
00:26:32.711 --> 00:26:35.553
If the surface is highly smooth and polished,

413
00:26:35.798 --> 00:26:37.899
it reflects surrounding light directly,

414
00:26:37.899 --> 00:26:40.598
like a mirror, with a shiny surface

415
00:26:40.598 --> 00:26:42.182
Conversely, if the surface is rough,

416
00:26:42.183 --> 00:26:46.385
it diffuses light and diffuses the surrounding objects,

417
00:26:46.824 --> 00:26:51.064
resulting in a blurred appearance

418
00:26:51.064 --> 00:26:55.413
Setting Smoothness to 0 makes the surface rough

419
00:26:56.346 --> 00:26:58.266
and matte,

420
00:26:58.267 --> 00:27:00.406
making it look blurry

421
00:27:00.652 --> 00:27:02.242
Setting it to 1

422
00:27:02.445 --> 00:27:04.025
makes it highly polished

423
00:27:04.026 --> 00:27:08.447
and reflective, which gives us

424
00:27:08.448 --> 00:27:12.514
the impression of it being very crisp and clear

425
00:27:13.171 --> 00:27:16.371
Currently, the reflected material

426
00:27:16.858 --> 00:27:19.018
shows the default environment,

427
00:27:19.291 --> 00:27:21.614
as you can see on top,

428
00:27:21.614 --> 00:27:24.653
such as the gray ground,

429
00:27:24.654 --> 00:27:25.894
horizon,

430
00:27:25.895 --> 00:27:29.457
and sky seen in the scene view

431
00:27:29.457 --> 00:27:30.351
Like this

432
00:27:30.601 --> 00:27:33.811
This is the reflection this is makeing

433
00:27:33.811 --> 00:27:36.633
For example, because the Smoothness is set to 1
and Metallic is set to 1,

434
00:27:36.634 --> 00:27:38.571
the material

435
00:27:39.096 --> 00:27:43.336
looks like shiny gold

436
00:27:43.638 --> 00:27:51.051
If we look at the yellow wall applied in the scene,

437
00:27:51.052 --> 00:27:53.714
it reflects the sky above smoothly,

438
00:27:53.971 --> 00:27:56.751
this color of the sky above,

439
00:27:56.752 --> 00:27:59.572
acting almost like a mirror

440
00:27:59.731 --> 00:28:03.533
By adjusting Albedo, Metallic,

441
00:28:03.533 --> 00:28:06.073
and Smoothness,

442
00:28:06.772 --> 00:28:09.931
you can create countless material variations

443
00:28:10.291 --> 00:28:13.391
For the yellow wall, because it isn’t metallic,

444
00:28:13.391 --> 00:28:14.912
the Metallic value should be set to 0

445
00:28:15.971 --> 00:28:21.572
Additionally, walls typically aren’t fully shiny or entirely rough

446
00:28:21.572 --> 00:28:23.653
By adjusting the Smoothness

447
00:28:23.654 --> 00:28:29.193
to about 0.3,

448
00:28:29.472 --> 00:28:33.791
you can create a rough texture with a slightly glossy appearance,
resembling a realistic wallpaper

449
00:28:34.491 --> 00:28:39.372
Similarly, the orange color can be adjusted
to a similar nuance

450
00:28:39.372 --> 00:28:40.617
Like this

451
00:28:41.692 --> 00:28:43.711
You can also change the metallic property in a similar manner

452
00:28:45.491 --> 00:28:47.852
For instance, setting it to 0.3 creates this kind of effect

453
00:28:51.092 --> 00:28:56.931
The combination of Albedo, Metallic, and Smoothness
forms the most basic elements for representing materials

454
00:28:57.171 --> 00:29:02.111
Among the additional commonly used elements
is something called a Normal Map

455
00:29:02.572 --> 00:29:03.371
Normal Map

456
00:29:03.372 --> 00:29:07.410
A Normal Map refers to an image texture

457
00:29:07.410 --> 00:29:08.512
Image texture

458
00:29:08.753 --> 00:29:10.172
Let’s search for it on the internet

459
00:29:10.172 --> 00:29:12.351
When you search for Normal Map

460
00:29:13.411 --> 00:29:16.452
on Google, like this,

461
00:29:16.452 --> 00:29:20.731
you’ll see images with a bluish tint appearing like this

462
00:29:20.731 --> 00:29:22.211
These images

463
00:29:22.212 --> 00:29:25.816
are special textures used to make flat meshes

464
00:29:26.171 --> 00:29:31.771
appear as though they have a complex and detailed surface

465
00:29:32.371 --> 00:29:36.513
If there are more polygons, or rectangles or triangles

466
00:29:36.513 --> 00:29:38.133
forming the surface,

467
00:29:39.452 --> 00:29:40.852
it’s easier to represent curves

468
00:29:40.852 --> 00:29:43.312
and details

469
00:29:43.731 --> 00:29:47.711
However, the more polygons there are,

470
00:29:47.712 --> 00:29:50.057
the more data the system needs to process,

471
00:29:50.057 --> 00:29:52.692
which can degrade performance

472
00:29:52.692 --> 00:29:55.652
Thus, many high-quality games

473
00:29:55.793 --> 00:29:59.133
use Normal Map data to make materials

474
00:29:59.133 --> 00:30:04.772
appear detailed without increasing the polygon count

475
00:30:04.772 --> 00:30:06.251
Let’s apply it

476
00:30:07.171 --> 00:30:09.592
I’ll download an image of bricks

477
00:30:09.772 --> 00:30:13.231
by right-clicking and saving it

478
00:30:17.491 --> 00:30:20.132
Once downloaded,

479
00:30:20.132 --> 00:30:24.012
we can bring the image into the Unity project

480
00:30:24.012 --> 00:30:26.772
by drag and drop

481
00:30:26.772 --> 00:30:35.171
Now, the Normal Map data imported
from Google is in the Unity project

482
00:30:35.172 --> 00:30:35.945
Simple, right?

483
00:30:36.491 --> 00:30:38.511
Let’s apply this image to

484
00:30:38.512 --> 00:30:41.952
the yellow material

485
00:30:41.952 --> 00:30:43.431
that we’ve been working

486
00:30:43.931 --> 00:30:45.913
Drag and drop it

487
00:30:45.913 --> 00:30:49.163
into the square checkbox next to the Normal Map option

488
00:30:49.163 --> 00:30:50.171
This rectangle

489
00:30:50.508 --> 00:30:53.068
Let's drag and drop it in there

490
00:30:53.291 --> 00:30:57.772
When you do, an error appears stating
that the texture type doesn’t match the Normal Map setting

491
00:30:57.772 --> 00:30:59.893
This means,

492
00:30:59.893 --> 00:31:03.393
as it’s a special type of texture,

493
00:31:03.652 --> 00:31:06.868
you need to configure this asset

494
00:31:07.295 --> 00:31:10.795
as a Normal Map, a special feature

495
00:31:11.291 --> 00:31:14.971
On the right side, under the texture type setting,

496
00:31:14.971 --> 00:31:17.931
change it from Default to Normal Map

497
00:31:18.491 --> 00:31:21.931
Scroll down and click on Apply

498
00:31:21.931 --> 00:31:25.892
Apply allows you to save the changes,

499
00:31:29.372 --> 00:31:31.751
resolving the error

500
00:31:32.051 --> 00:31:33.332
After applying,

501
00:31:33.393 --> 00:31:34.411
you’ll notice that

502
00:31:34.652 --> 00:31:37.232
the surface now appears textured,
as if it has grooves or bumps

503
00:31:38.812 --> 00:31:41.272
This is the feature of a Normal Map

504
00:31:42.132 --> 00:31:44.152
With light shining on it,

505
00:31:44.447 --> 00:31:46.807
bright and dark areas are created,

506
00:31:47.572 --> 00:31:52.592
making it look as though the surface is raised and recessed

507
00:31:52.772 --> 00:31:56.531
By inserting the image, the Normal Map
can be configured like this,

508
00:31:56.531 --> 00:31:58.052
making the surface appear raised or recessed

509
00:31:58.772 --> 00:32:01.692
If you look at the square box
where the Normal Map was inserted,

510
00:32:02.372 --> 00:32:06.312
you’ll see similar boxes for Albedo and Metallic

511
00:32:06.812 --> 00:32:11.551
Just like how you can change the color of Albedo,

512
00:32:11.971 --> 00:32:16.472
you can also use texture maps

513
00:32:17.132 --> 00:32:20.232
to express specific characteristics in these areas

514
00:32:20.812 --> 00:32:21.991
For example,

515
00:32:24.611 --> 00:32:27.532
I downloaded an Albedo map from the internet,

516
00:32:29.092 --> 00:32:31.551
and I’ll drag and drop it

517
00:32:31.931 --> 00:32:35.951
into the Albedo section of the orange material

518
00:32:36.611 --> 00:32:38.291
Currently, it might be a little confusing
because of the Normal Map,

519
00:32:38.291 --> 00:32:39.491
so I’ll remove it

520
00:32:39.491 --> 00:32:42.891
Clicking on the Normal Map will remove it

521
00:32:43.171 --> 00:32:45.411
Now, the yellow color is applied to the material

522
00:32:45.411 --> 00:32:48.272
If I reset it to white,

523
00:32:48.692 --> 00:32:50.952
like this,

524
00:32:50.952 --> 00:32:55.598
the applied image color will be displayed clearly like this

525
00:32:56.699 --> 00:33:00.301
In this way, the material properties are not limited

526
00:33:00.301 --> 00:33:02.581
to just colors or sliders

527
00:33:02.581 --> 00:33:08.429
You can also use image maps to define them

528
00:33:08.749 --> 00:33:13.822
Let’s decorate the walls with individual colors

529
00:33:14.023 --> 00:33:17.363
and use images and Normal Maps

530
00:33:17.859 --> 00:33:22.398
for the floor and the outer walls

531
00:33:23.444 --> 00:33:26.423
You can do your project freely as well

532
00:33:26.423 --> 00:33:29.440
So far, we have created

533
00:33:29.441 --> 00:33:34.799
and applied materials to each room, the floor, 
nd the outer walls of the sides in a simple manner

534
00:33:35.059 --> 00:33:40.499
For now, you’ll notice that the sides appear to stretch outward

535
00:33:40.739 --> 00:33:44.119
As for the wood texture inside,

536
00:33:46.498 --> 00:33:52.639
it seems quite large when you consider
someone actually being there, right?

537
00:33:53.072 --> 00:33:55.952
Thus, the pattern needs to be smaller

538
00:33:55.952 --> 00:34:00.910
To adjust such details, a UV map must be created

539
00:34:00.911 --> 00:34:02.378
separately

540
00:34:02.379 --> 00:34:07.318
for each game object and its mesh

541
00:34:08.819 --> 00:34:14.578
This work must be done in Blender, 3D Max, or Maya

542
00:34:14.578 --> 00:34:16.670
because Unity does not support UV mapping within itself

543
00:34:17.035 --> 00:34:19.035
However, there are still things you can adjust within Unity

544
00:34:19.369 --> 00:34:20.929
Go to materials

545
00:34:21.157 --> 00:34:24.157
Let’s use the floor as an example

546
00:34:24.779 --> 00:34:28.839
I’ve created a material named MAT_WOOD

547
00:34:29.065 --> 00:34:32.785
and applied an image to it,

548
00:34:32.786 --> 00:34:34.509
of this wood texture

549
00:34:34.509 --> 00:34:40.659
If you look below, you’ll see options
labeled as Tiling and Offset

550
00:34:40.883 --> 00:34:45.323
Currently, the tiling is set to 1 by 1

551
00:34:45.658 --> 00:34:47.920
Let’s increase this to 10 by 10

552
00:34:48.194 --> 00:34:52.974
When adjusted, the image shrinks
and becomes densely packed

553
00:34:55.558 --> 00:35:04.778
What this means is that the texture is now divided

554
00:35:05.098 --> 00:35:08.800
and repeated 10 times across the current surface

555
00:35:09.354 --> 00:35:13.934
So, the scale looks more appropriate
because the image is packed tightly

556
00:35:14.100 --> 00:35:17.260
However, you’ll notice that the repetition

557
00:35:18.499 --> 00:35:22.899
of the pattern becomes visible

558
00:35:23.058 --> 00:35:26.438
Seeing these repetitive patterns isn’t ideal, right?

559
00:35:27.139 --> 00:35:30.459
Thus, you need to find a balance

560
00:35:30.737 --> 00:35:32.297
by adjusting the size appropriately

561
00:35:32.457 --> 00:35:36.497
while also selecting textures

562
00:35:36.678 --> 00:35:42.555
where repetition isn’t too obvious

563
00:35:43.075 --> 00:35:46.499
The same principle applies to this image as well

564
00:35:46.499 --> 00:35:50.651
For instance, I applied a brick texture
to a material called MAT_WALL

565
00:35:50.652 --> 00:35:53.783
We have this brick image here

566
00:35:54.073 --> 00:36:00.553
By increasing the tiling to around 5 for the x-axis,

567
00:36:00.553 --> 00:36:03.257
the bricks appear aligned properly

568
00:36:03.398 --> 00:36:09.757
On the side surfaces, the texture stretches

569
00:36:09.939 --> 00:36:13.059
outward because of the tiling adjustments

570
00:36:13.369 --> 00:36:14.929
But if you check from other angles,

571
00:36:17.939 --> 00:36:22.199
the texture looks compressed on the side

572
00:36:22.316 --> 00:36:27.155
It's the same 5x, but it's more compressed like so

573
00:36:28.098 --> 00:36:31.340
This is why, during level design,

574
00:36:31.576 --> 00:36:35.116
artists employ various techniques

575
00:36:35.116 --> 00:36:38.918
starting with UV mapping and modularization

576
00:36:40.738 --> 00:36:47.358
Such adjustments are tasks for artists,

577
00:36:48.338 --> 00:36:51.959
but we’ve kept it simple for now

578
00:36:51.960 --> 00:36:53.693
Let's finish it here

579
00:36:53.693 --> 00:36:57.473
Lighting Types and Placement

580
00:36:57.473 --> 00:37:00.840
Now that we’ve built the structure and applied materials,

581
00:37:01.358 --> 00:37:04.778
light is needed to make the space visible

582
00:37:05.299 --> 00:37:05.942
Lighting

583
00:37:05.942 --> 00:37:10.394
In Unity, lighting can be added by clicking the plus button

584
00:37:10.394 --> 00:37:13.554
in the hierarchy and selecting Light

585
00:37:13.554 --> 00:37:17.138
You’ll find four types of lighting options there

586
00:37:18.007 --> 00:37:19.987
Let’s review them in order from the top

587
00:37:20.098 --> 00:37:27.318
The Directional Light is already present
in the hierarchy by default

588
00:37:28.098 --> 00:37:30.938
If you look at the second item

589
00:37:31.219 --> 00:37:34.259
from the top in the hierarchy, you’ll see Directional Light

590
00:37:34.259 --> 00:37:37.039
This light functions like the sun

591
00:37:37.040 --> 00:37:42.133
If you double-click it and zoom in,

592
00:37:42.133 --> 00:37:50.519
you’ll notice it has a sun-shaped icon

593
00:37:51.019 --> 00:37:54.580
The icon may appear too large,

594
00:37:54.580 --> 00:37:57.319
but you can reduce its size

595
00:37:57.620 --> 00:37:59.820
using the 3D Icons slider

596
00:37:59.978 --> 00:38:02.739
in the top-right corner, just like this

597
00:38:02.739 --> 00:38:04.207
Let's make it smaller

598
00:38:06.938 --> 00:38:11.379
It has a sun-shaped icon,

599
00:38:11.380 --> 00:38:12.959
and the lines

600
00:38:12.960 --> 00:38:16.907
that are extending outward

601
00:38:16.907 --> 00:38:19.200
These lines represent the direction of the light

602
00:38:19.319 --> 00:38:21.359
This light functions like sunlight,

603
00:38:21.582 --> 00:38:26.522
so its location doesn’t matter, like the sun

604
00:38:26.522 --> 00:38:28.219
Whether you’re in Seoul or Busan,

605
00:38:28.484 --> 00:38:31.524
the sun will shine from the east in the morning

606
00:38:32.139 --> 00:38:35.949
and from the west in the afternoon

607
00:38:36.314 --> 00:38:43.073
Similarly, within this space, the Directional Light
provides uniform illumination at the same angle,

608
00:38:43.498 --> 00:38:46.219
regardless of its location.

609
00:38:47.102 --> 00:38:51.802
The lines you see here represent the light’s direction

610
00:38:51.978 --> 00:38:54.919
Currently, the light is coming from the top left

611
00:38:54.919 --> 00:38:58.679
and shining diagonally downward,

612
00:38:59.778 --> 00:39:00.959
so the direction is like this,

613
00:39:00.959 --> 00:39:06.199
which is why shadows are being cast in this direction.

614
00:39:06.538 --> 00:39:11.338
The light is being cased from the top left

615
00:39:11.685 --> 00:39:15.344
Thus, with Directional Light, its position doesn’t matter,

616
00:39:15.344 --> 00:39:18.198
but only its rotation does

617
00:39:18.199 --> 00:39:20.179
For example, if we rotate it along the x-axis,

618
00:39:20.218 --> 00:39:25.159
you can see the shadows shifting accordingly

619
00:39:26.019 --> 00:39:27.274
Similarly, rotating it along the z-axis

620
00:39:27.275 --> 00:39:31.815
also alters the light’s direction

621
00:39:34.310 --> 00:39:39.439
If you open the Inspector window for the Directional Light,
there’s a section for color

622
00:39:40.419 --> 00:39:43.140
By clicking on this, you can change the light’s color

623
00:39:43.632 --> 00:39:46.872
to red, blue,

624
00:39:47.619 --> 00:39:49.618
or green, for example

625
00:39:49.619 --> 00:39:51.759
Below that is the intensity value,

626
00:39:51.978 --> 00:39:57.119
which represents the strength of the light

627
00:39:57.119 --> 00:40:01.050
When you increase the intensity, a strong green light shines,

628
00:40:01.298 --> 00:40:06.598
and when you lower it slightly, a dim green light is cast

629
00:40:06.739 --> 00:40:08.479
That's the gist of it

630
00:40:09.098 --> 00:40:10.559
Let's go back

631
00:40:10.559 --> 00:40:20.010
Directional Light is a light that evenly illuminates
the entire area of the scene

632
00:40:21.030 --> 00:40:26.378
Now, let’s press the plus button and look
at the Point Light option in Lights

633
00:40:26.978 --> 00:40:32.238
Since Point Light needs to be checked in a dark area,

634
00:40:32.446 --> 00:40:35.405
and currently there isn’t any darkness in the scene,

635
00:40:35.405 --> 00:40:39.399
we’ll duplicate the ground

636
00:40:40.065 --> 00:40:43.305
to create a ceiling

637
00:40:44.778 --> 00:40:47.020
This way, the Directional Light

638
00:40:47.020 --> 00:40:48.770
won’t penetrate the space

639
00:40:49.100 --> 00:40:51.600
In this state, let’s bring in a Point Light

640
00:40:51.859 --> 00:40:54.559
Press the plus button, go to Lights, and select Point Light

641
00:40:55.695 --> 00:41:00.335
It may appear far away at first,

642
00:41:01.218 --> 00:41:03.699
so let’s bring it closer

643
00:41:04.265 --> 00:41:06.945
Now you can see the area brightening up,

644
00:41:07.339 --> 00:41:10.920
and the icon takes the form of a lightbulb

645
00:41:11.639 --> 00:41:17.058
As its name suggests, Point Light emits light from the center,

646
00:41:17.179 --> 00:41:19.440
radiating outward in all directions

647
00:41:20.212 --> 00:41:24.872
The light weakens as it moves away from the center,

648
00:41:25.019 --> 00:41:27.059
eventually fading out

649
00:41:27.507 --> 00:41:28.947
as to this

650
00:41:30.459 --> 00:41:36.139
The intensity decreases gradually from the center

651
00:41:36.139 --> 00:41:41.358
to the outer wireframe

652
00:41:42.058 --> 00:41:45.039
Strong inside,

653
00:41:45.040 --> 00:41:48.559
and fading out as it reaches the outer wireframe

654
00:41:48.560 --> 00:41:51.191
That's what this lighting does

655
00:41:51.378 --> 00:41:54.738
Unlike Directional Light,

656
00:41:54.739 --> 00:41:56.219
the position of Point Light matters,

657
00:41:56.498 --> 00:41:58.500
as the bulb itself can be moved

658
00:41:58.750 --> 00:42:01.030
However, the angle does not matter

659
00:42:01.314 --> 00:42:03.274
since it radiates in all directions

660
00:42:04.139 --> 00:42:08.830
In the Inspector window, you can adjust the color

661
00:42:08.971 --> 00:42:13.771
to red, green, or other shades,

662
00:42:13.979 --> 00:42:18.879
and control the light’s strength using the intensity slider

663
00:42:19.579 --> 00:42:21.539
An interesting feature here

664
00:42:21.539 --> 00:42:23.979
is the Range option,

665
00:42:24.418 --> 00:42:27.699
which represents the distance from the center

666
00:42:27.700 --> 00:42:30.780
to the edge of the wireframe,

667
00:42:31.219 --> 00:42:34.339
where the light fades

668
00:42:34.826 --> 00:42:38.885
For example, by decreasing the Range,
the wireframe boundary shrinks,

669
00:42:39.298 --> 00:42:40.178
like this

670
00:42:43.298 --> 00:42:48.258
So we can adjust the wireframe like this

671
00:42:48.618 --> 00:42:50.540
That's what Range does

672
00:42:51.126 --> 00:42:56.365
So, when the distance from the center

673
00:42:56.699 --> 00:42:58.439
to the wireframe is short,

674
00:42:58.439 --> 00:43:01.519
the light weakens rapidly

675
00:43:03.018 --> 00:43:06.290
If you extend the Range slightly

676
00:43:06.291 --> 00:43:09.127
or increase the Intensity value,

677
00:43:09.342 --> 00:43:14.782
you can adjust the light to illuminate the interior properly

678
00:43:15.699 --> 00:43:21.359
Currently, the Range value is too short to reach the bottom,

679
00:43:21.786 --> 00:43:23.786
making the lower area appear dark

680
00:43:24.019 --> 00:43:28.099
n this case, increasing the Range allows the light,

681
00:43:28.300 --> 00:43:31.220
while slightly lowering the Intensity

682
00:43:31.659 --> 00:43:37.139
ensures a balanced brightness throughout

683
00:43:37.139 --> 00:43:40.280
Next, let’s press the plus button

684
00:43:40.281 --> 00:43:42.641
and take a look at Spot Light

685
00:43:42.701 --> 00:43:44.841
Let's do it here at the back

686
00:43:47.738 --> 00:43:50.999
Plus, Light, Spot Light

687
00:43:52.539 --> 00:43:55.338
Let's bring it in

688
00:43:57.498 --> 00:43:58.799
Now it's inside

689
00:43:59.313 --> 00:44:00.853
I have it right here

690
00:44:01.539 --> 00:44:08.258
Spot Light resembles the stage lighting you often see

691
00:44:08.258 --> 00:44:09.278
at concerts or plays,

692
00:44:09.279 --> 00:44:13.319
commonly referred to as pin lighting

693
00:44:13.319 --> 00:44:15.719
The icon for Spot Light mirrors the design of stage lighting

694
00:44:16.219 --> 00:44:20.079
As you can see, the light originates from the center

695
00:44:20.080 --> 00:44:25.100
and radiates outward in a cone shape

696
00:44:25.560 --> 00:44:30.938
This cone-shaped boundary determines the extent of the light

697
00:44:30.938 --> 00:44:37.578
At the bottom, you can see the light’s coverage area,
a circular region illuminated by the light

698
00:44:39.258 --> 00:44:44.258
Spot Light functions by projecting light
in a specific direction at a defined angle

699
00:44:44.258 --> 00:44:50.699
Within the Inspector window, you can adjust

700
00:44:50.699 --> 00:44:54.039
the color of the light,

701
00:44:54.040 --> 00:44:55.740
you could go with different colors,

702
00:44:55.979 --> 00:44:58.979
its Intensity here too,

703
00:44:58.979 --> 00:45:01.579
and the Range

704
00:45:01.579 --> 00:45:06.599
The Range value represents the distance

705
00:45:06.600 --> 00:45:08.734
at which the light begins to fade

706
00:45:09.539 --> 00:45:12.459
You can shorten or extend this distance as needed

707
00:45:12.459 --> 00:45:16.639
So, the Range represents the end of the cone

708
00:45:17.139 --> 00:45:20.619
By adjusting the Range,
you can control how far the light extends

709
00:45:21.019 --> 00:45:25.459
It's too weak, so we could do this with the intensity

710
00:45:25.459 --> 00:45:29.938
The unique aspect of the Spot Light,
compared to other lights, is its Spot Angle

711
00:45:30.178 --> 00:45:33.539
The Spot Angle

712
00:45:33.540 --> 00:45:36.020
determines the cone’s width

713
00:45:36.579 --> 00:45:40.719
increasing the Spot Angle widens the cone,

714
00:45:40.899 --> 00:45:45.038
and decreasing it narrows the cone

715
00:45:45.818 --> 00:45:48.899
This makes it possible to fine-tune how the light spreads

716
00:45:48.899 --> 00:45:53.579
For example, you could do it like this

717
00:45:53.579 --> 00:45:55.198
If you direct it onto a wall

718
00:45:55.694 --> 00:45:57.054
and slightly rotate it,

719
00:45:57.054 --> 00:45:58.674
like this,

720
00:45:59.178 --> 00:46:05.298
you can replicate the kind of pin lighting

721
00:46:05.298 --> 00:46:07.298
seen in museums

722
00:46:07.298 --> 00:46:09.759
or galleries where spotlights highlight specific objects or art

723
00:46:10.899 --> 00:46:16.679
Next, let’s press the plus button again and select Area Light
from the Lights menu.

724
00:46:17.139 --> 00:46:21.779
Area Light, as the name suggests, consists

725
00:46:21.779 --> 00:46:24.759
of a panel and a line

726
00:46:25.139 --> 00:46:29.659
Area Light is essentially surface-emitting,

727
00:46:29.659 --> 00:46:37.019
meaning light is emitted from the rectangular surface

728
00:46:37.019 --> 00:46:38.599
in the direction of the line

729
00:46:39.299 --> 00:46:40.299
In this case, the light is directed downward,

730
00:46:40.539 --> 00:46:45.699
so the entire surface emits light evenly downward

731
00:46:45.699 --> 00:46:47.459
This is called an Area Light

732
00:46:47.459 --> 00:46:49.659
Unlike other lights,

733
00:46:49.659 --> 00:46:53.498
which you can see directly shining on objects,

734
00:46:53.498 --> 00:46:58.238
Area Light cannot be previewed in real-time

735
00:46:59.998 --> 00:47:02.099
If you check the Inspector window,

736
00:47:02.099 --> 00:47:07.098
you’ll notice the label Area - Baked Only attached to it

737
00:47:07.498 --> 00:47:09.258
This means

738
00:47:09.738 --> 00:47:11.459
that Area Light

739
00:47:11.460 --> 00:47:16.178
is a type of light that cannot be calculated in real-time

740
00:47:16.178 --> 00:47:19.178
Since calculating these lights in real-time is heavy,

741
00:47:19.178 --> 00:47:23.298
you can’t use many of these lights

742
00:47:23.298 --> 00:47:24.339
Though, lights

743
00:47:24.339 --> 00:47:28.380
play an important role

744
00:47:28.818 --> 00:47:30.698
in creating

745
00:47:31.178 --> 00:47:35.699
or altering the mood of a scene,

746
00:47:36.139 --> 00:47:39.199
so you might want to use many lights

747
00:47:39.659 --> 00:47:42.699
But that will overload the program

748
00:47:42.699 --> 00:47:44.378
To address this limitation,

749
00:47:45.879 --> 00:47:49.659
Unity provides a feature called Light Mapping

750
00:47:50.319 --> 00:47:52.299
As you become more familiar with Unity

751
00:47:52.300 --> 00:47:54.578
and create more projects,

752
00:47:54.839 --> 00:48:00.239
you’ll eventually encounter Light Mapping

753
00:48:00.239 --> 00:48:02.400
Light Mapping is an optimization process

754
00:48:02.401 --> 00:48:05.837
that allows for using numerous lights

755
00:48:05.838 --> 00:48:10.018
and creating richer lighting effects

756
00:48:10.319 --> 00:48:13.320
This process

757
00:48:13.320 --> 00:48:15.079
involves, instead of creating,

758
00:48:15.374 --> 00:48:16.374
baking

759
00:48:16.774 --> 00:48:18.814
Baking the light into the scene

760
00:48:18.814 --> 00:48:21.059
We use bake for this

761
00:48:22.559 --> 00:48:26.079
So, when using Light Mapping,

762
00:48:26.080 --> 00:48:30.119
we use the term baking

763
00:48:31.118 --> 00:48:36.460
Now, for Area Lights, you’ll notice they
are labeled as Baked Only

764
00:48:36.461 --> 00:48:42.680
This means that Area Lights are exclusively

765
00:48:42.680 --> 00:48:44.720
for use with Light Mapping

766
00:48:45.675 --> 00:48:48.615
For now, you cannot see the effects of Area Lights in real-time

767
00:48:49.159 --> 00:48:54.839
However, when working on a project
and using advanced techniques

768
00:48:55.239 --> 00:48:58.199
like Light Mapping, you will be able to use them

769
00:48:59.438 --> 00:49:03.519
For now, just understand that such a type of light exists

770
00:49:03.519 --> 00:49:07.618
This wraps up the explanation of
the lighting options available in Unity

771
00:49:08.038 --> 00:49:10.998
Unity provides a total of four types of lights

772
00:49:10.998 --> 00:49:15.038
Using these lights, let's decorate the living room

773
00:49:15.038 --> 00:49:16.839
Let's remove Area Light

774
00:49:16.839 --> 00:49:22.159
I placed multiple Spot Lights in the living room

775
00:49:22.159 --> 00:49:27.079
I adde Point Lights in the darker areas

776
00:49:32.464 --> 00:49:35.564
to brighten the atmosphere

777
00:49:36.384 --> 00:49:41.024
Additionally, I applied an orange material to the ceiling

778
00:49:41.024 --> 00:49:43.904
to create a sense of unity

779
00:49:43.904 --> 00:49:49.023
While doing this, you may notice flickering in some areas

780
00:49:49.023 --> 00:49:52.704
Sometimes the lights

781
00:49:52.704 --> 00:49:53.964
may turn on and off randomly

782
00:49:53.965 --> 00:49:55.845
as you work on this

783
00:49:56.504 --> 00:49:57.844
This happens

784
00:49:58.206 --> 00:50:00.526
because lights are heavy,

785
00:50:00.526 --> 00:50:02.384
or are resource-intensive to calculate,

786
00:50:02.384 --> 00:50:06.784
and Unity has implemented a limitation

787
00:50:06.784 --> 00:50:09.023
of the number of lights for one object

788
00:50:09.743 --> 00:50:14.004
Unity only allows to a maximum of four

789
00:50:14.984 --> 00:50:18.423
That's its decision

790
00:50:18.423 --> 00:50:20.464
to not compromise the performance

791
00:50:20.464 --> 00:50:24.243
For example, if you check
the Point Light ranges on this floor object,

792
00:50:25.103 --> 00:50:30.784
you’ll notice that the ranges overlap,

793
00:50:30.784 --> 00:50:32.304
causing this flickering effect

794
00:50:32.304 --> 00:50:34.704
So, even just looking at this floor object,

795
00:50:34.704 --> 00:50:37.443
you can see that all the Point Lights and Spot Lights,

796
00:50:38.343 --> 00:50:44.303
as well as all the Point Lights here, are affecting it

797
00:50:44.303 --> 00:50:50.224
As a result, when many lights are applied
to a single object at the same time,

798
00:50:50.224 --> 00:50:52.504
it exceeds the maximum number of lights allowed

799
00:50:52.504 --> 00:50:55.224
Thus, some lights turn on while others turn off,

800
00:50:55.224 --> 00:50:58.244
and you can see them switching back and forth like this

801
00:50:58.544 --> 00:51:02.663
There are ways to address this,
such as increasing the maximum number

802
00:51:02.663 --> 00:51:05.423
of lights in the settings,

803
00:51:05.423 --> 00:51:08.683
but this method can lower performance

804
00:51:08.983 --> 00:51:11.784
Another approach is to reduce the number of lights,

805
00:51:11.784 --> 00:51:17.063
minimizing the number of lights affecting a mesh

806
00:51:17.063 --> 00:51:21.184
and only using lights in the most necessary areas

807
00:51:21.184 --> 00:51:22.563
That's another way

808
00:51:22.563 --> 00:51:24.244
However, with this method,

809
00:51:24.244 --> 00:51:27.304
the desired visual effect may not come out as intended

810
00:51:27.743 --> 00:51:31.464
In such cases, it would be much better

811
00:51:31.464 --> 00:51:36.144
to use the special feature called Light Mapping,
which I mentioned briefly earlier

812
00:51:37.264 --> 00:51:38.663
Another way

813
00:51:38.664 --> 00:51:41.244
is to avoid using a single large mesh

814
00:51:41.244 --> 00:51:45.464
and instead reduce the number of lights affecting the mesh

815
00:51:45.464 --> 00:51:50.424
This is why level design is often done using a modular approach

816
00:51:50.424 --> 00:51:53.184
This is an art-related topic,

817
00:51:53.184 --> 00:51:56.224
so I’ll leave it here for this video

818
00:51:56.624 --> 00:51:59.984
Lighting is a very resource-intensive element

819
00:51:59.984 --> 00:52:03.824
and one that requires the most optimization

820
00:52:03.824 --> 00:52:06.424
When designing levels,

821
00:52:06.424 --> 00:52:11.223
you’ll need to carefully plan

822
00:52:11.223 --> 00:52:15.243
to use lights only in essential areas

823
00:52:16.023 --> 00:52:19.143
As you continue to learn more about lighting,

824
00:52:19.143 --> 00:52:21.343
you’ll be able to create richer,

825
00:52:21.743 --> 00:52:27.303
more immersive environments

826
00:52:27.303 --> 00:52:30.544
Let's summarize what we learned today

827
00:52:31.078 --> 00:52:32.898
Creating 3D spaces using 2D floor plans and applying materials
3D spaces were created by converting mm units
from 2D floor plans into m units

828
00:52:32.898 --> 00:52:34.039
3D spaces were produced
by modifying the scale values of Cube object transforms
Material Application
Meshes and materials are essential elements

829
00:52:34.039 --> 00:52:36.180
Make a new folder, create Material Asset
Drag and drop on an object to apply
Images can also define materials

830
00:52:36.180 --> 00:52:37.741
Materials
Shader: Formula for rendering surface color
Parameters: Values like color, texture, etc

831
00:52:37.741 --> 00:52:39.341
PBR System
Simulates realistic light reflection
Adjust a single shader for plastic, wood, metal, etc

832
00:52:39.341 --> 00:52:41.142
Parameters: Albedo (base color),
Metallic (metal property),
Smoothness (roughness)

833
00:52:41.142 --> 00:52:41.983
Light Types
Directional Light: Uniform light across the scene,
angle-dependent shadows

834
00:52:41.984 --> 00:52:46.124
Point Light: Emits light outward in all directions
Spotlight: Focused light for specific areas

835
00:52:46.125 --> 00:52:48.044
Area Light: Surface-emitting light,
visible only with light mapping

836
00:52:48.045 --> 00:52:49.445
Lighting Tips
Heavy real-time calculations: Unity limits 4 lights per object

837
00:52:49.445 --> 00:52:51.026
Use light mapping or modular design
for performance optimization if more lights are needed