WEBVTT 1 00:00:04.508 --> 00:00:10.477 Animation Common Character Design Basics: Face, Body Proportions, Emotional Expressions 2 00:00:10.477 --> 00:00:13.091 GCC Academy 3 00:00:25.446 --> 00:00:29.386 Hello, I am Kang Ji-won and I will be teaching you about the basics of drawing 4 00:00:29.386 --> 00:00:32.636 This time you will learn about the characteristics of different character types 5 00:00:32.636 --> 00:00:35.327 and the concept of deformation 6 00:00:35.327 --> 00:00:37.627 First, we will learn about physical characteristics 7 00:00:37.627 --> 00:00:40.851 such as sex, age, and body type 8 00:00:40.851 --> 00:00:45.693 Second, we will learn about emotions and facial expressions 9 00:00:45.693 --> 00:00:48.293 And lastly, about basic expressions of emotion 10 00:00:48.293 --> 00:00:50.842 using poses and gestures 11 00:00:51.119 --> 00:00:55.010 Physical Traits of Characters 12 00:00:56.207 --> 00:01:01.000 Last time, you learned the basics of drawing the human body 13 00:01:01.000 --> 00:01:04.450 Most drawing books use a model-like white male body 14 00:01:04.450 --> 00:01:08.000 with a 1:8 head-to-body ratio, as their standard 15 00:01:08.000 --> 00:01:12.614 But obviously, not everyone looks like that 16 00:01:12.614 --> 00:01:15.514 Young people can only be characterized as 'youths' 17 00:01:15.514 --> 00:01:18.753 when compared to children and older adults 18 00:01:18.753 --> 00:01:22.453 And slightly chubby people 19 00:01:22.453 --> 00:01:25.168 will look 'fat' when next to skinny people 20 00:01:25.168 --> 00:01:27.271 We can draw people with different physical characteristics 21 00:01:27.271 --> 00:01:31.000 to make each of them look unique 22 00:01:31.000 --> 00:01:35.200 You will also learn about the basics of expressing emotions 23 00:01:35.200 --> 00:01:39.159 as well as the types and physical characteristics of characters 24 00:01:43.099 --> 00:01:47.703 Before that, let's learn about the physical features of characters according to their type 25 00:01:47.703 --> 00:01:50.000 First is characteristics according to sex 26 00:01:50.000 --> 00:01:54.450 The biggest difference between male and female bodies 27 00:01:54.450 --> 00:01:57.663 is how they curve 28 00:01:57.663 --> 00:02:00.513 Male bodies have more muscle than fat 29 00:02:00.513 --> 00:02:02.376 Compared to that, female bodies 30 00:02:02.376 --> 00:02:05.198 will have a higher fat ratio 31 00:02:05.198 --> 00:02:08.648 Which makes the male body consist of more straight lines 32 00:02:08.648 --> 00:02:14.000 and the female body more of curved lines 33 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:19.750 The same applies to their faces For example, if there is a man and woman 34 00:02:19.750 --> 00:02:23.000 who both have large jaws and large facial features 35 00:02:23.000 --> 00:02:27.218 the woman's face will look rounder 36 00:02:27.218 --> 00:02:27.911 I'll draw an example 37 00:02:37.366 --> 00:02:43.416 Here's a person with a large jaw 38 00:02:43.416 --> 00:02:51.456 and large facial features 39 00:02:54.436 --> 00:03:01.772 If this person is a woman, the end of her jaw would be rounder 40 00:03:06.158 --> 00:03:09.758 And her jawline would not curve inwards 41 00:03:09.758 --> 00:03:16.000 but outwards, which makes it feel softer 42 00:03:18.723 --> 00:03:22.000 This is the difference in jawline according to sex 43 00:03:27.218 --> 00:03:30.198 Difference in body curves have to do with hormones 44 00:03:30.198 --> 00:03:35.948 Next is the body Women generally have wider pelvises 45 00:03:35.948 --> 00:03:39.228 which gives their torso the shape of an 8 46 00:03:42.307 --> 00:03:46.366 Men's pelvises aren't as wide, so their torsos are straight 47 00:03:53.200 --> 00:03:57.683 They don't curve inwards at the waist 48 00:04:01.495 --> 00:04:06.554 If you want a character to have a curvy torso, you should make their hips wider 49 00:04:06.554 --> 00:04:09.454 Women with narrower hips 50 00:04:09.454 --> 00:04:14.000 will also have straighter torsos 51 00:04:18.782 --> 00:04:23.059 Female bodies tend to store more fat at their thighs 52 00:04:23.059 --> 00:04:26.709 and their muscles will also develop more 53 00:04:26.709 --> 00:04:31.277 at the thighs and calves 54 00:04:31.277 --> 00:04:35.525 so the lower parts of the body 55 00:04:41.564 --> 00:04:45.464 In contrast, male bodies have more muscle at the upper parts 56 00:04:45.464 --> 00:04:49.814 and fat will accumulate near their bellies 57 00:04:49.814 --> 00:04:53.208 so the upper parts of the body are more developed 58 00:04:57.624 --> 00:05:01.874 These characteristics 59 00:05:01.874 --> 00:05:04.148 are determined mostly by where muscle and fat are 60 00:05:06.772 --> 00:05:14.072 and that can differ according to genetics or occupation 61 00:05:14.072 --> 00:05:16.572 Even if a character is female, if they work out a lot 62 00:05:16.572 --> 00:05:20.122 their body might more resemble the one on the left 63 00:05:20.122 --> 00:05:23.772 And the opposite may also be true 64 00:05:23.772 --> 00:05:27.000 A man with a lot of body fat can look more curvy than straight 65 00:05:33.084 --> 00:05:38.227 Next we will learn about characteristics according to age 66 00:05:38.227 --> 00:05:43.614 The biggest factor that decides how old someone looks is the placement of their facial features 67 00:05:43.614 --> 00:05:49.314 The younger someone is their philtrum, the space between their mouth and nose 68 00:05:49.314 --> 00:05:55.089 their nose and jaw will be shorter and their forehead will be longer 69 00:05:55.089 --> 00:05:55.989 In contrast 70 00:06:01.133 --> 00:06:03.883 A fully developed adult 71 00:06:03.883 --> 00:06:13.426 will have a shorter forehead and longer nose, philtrum and jaw 72 00:06:13.426 --> 00:06:20.634 But the horizontal length of the eyes and nose are the opposite 73 00:06:20.634 --> 00:06:32.228 The wider the eyes, nose, and mouth are, the older someone looks 74 00:06:32.228 --> 00:06:37.178 Which is why a child's facial features are narrower 75 00:06:40.910 --> 00:06:43.376 Let's take a closer look 76 00:06:43.376 --> 00:06:45.126 A child about 5 years old or younger 77 00:06:45.126 --> 00:06:55.654 will have a forehead as long as the rest of their face 78 00:07:02.834 --> 00:07:06.971 Children also have more body fat, so they look rounder in general 79 00:07:09.901 --> 00:07:12.801 Their eyes are also round 80 00:07:12.801 --> 00:07:17.951 So to make a character who is a baby, you should take care to make the eyes 81 00:07:17.951 --> 00:07:21.822 narrower horizontally, longer vertically, and rounder 82 00:07:21.822 --> 00:07:27.396 An adult would have a wider eye 83 00:07:27.396 --> 00:07:29.346 Characters with a 'cute' trait 84 00:07:29.346 --> 00:07:32.129 also tend to have faces like this 85 00:07:32.129 --> 00:07:34.779 They will especially have 86 00:07:34.779 --> 00:07:37.594 long foreheads and chubby cheeks 87 00:07:50.586 --> 00:07:59.396 Next is children five to ten years old 88 00:07:59.396 --> 00:08:07.278 Their jaws have developed and they have a longer nose 89 00:08:13.267 --> 00:08:17.000 But their eyes are still 90 00:08:17.000 --> 00:08:19.950 longer on the vertical side 91 00:08:19.950 --> 00:08:22.300 and their philtrums look short 92 00:08:22.300 --> 00:08:24.881 since they're still a child 93 00:08:24.881 --> 00:08:27.481 They also don't have much physical difference 94 00:08:27.481 --> 00:08:29.525 between the sexes 95 00:08:33.228 --> 00:08:36.841 Next is teenagers 96 00:08:36.841 --> 00:08:42.614 Their nose and philtrums have gotten larger and longer 97 00:08:42.614 --> 00:08:45.914 They don't look chubby anymore 98 00:08:45.914 --> 00:08:50.881 and their facial bones have gotten longer so they look a bit mature now 99 00:08:53.713 --> 00:08:57.763 The facial bones resemble that of an adult 100 00:08:57.763 --> 00:09:00.307 but are comparably rounder 101 00:09:03.594 --> 00:09:07.617 So to draw a teenager's face 102 00:09:07.617 --> 00:09:09.089 you can take an adult's face and make the lines slightly rounder 103 00:09:12.356 --> 00:09:15.506 This is the last age group 104 00:09:15.506 --> 00:09:18.495 that has round facial lines in general 105 00:09:18.495 --> 00:09:21.645 Teenagers' foreheads as well 106 00:09:21.645 --> 00:09:24.090 are about as wide as those of adults 107 00:09:28.327 --> 00:09:31.208 Next, young adults in their twenties or thirties 108 00:09:31.208 --> 00:09:36.396 They have completely lost their baby fat 109 00:09:36.396 --> 00:09:40.515 so the line of their cheeks curve inwards 110 00:09:40.515 --> 00:09:43.765 Making lines curve inwards is the basic way 111 00:09:43.765 --> 00:09:46.674 of expressing the lack of fat in a body part 112 00:09:50.198 --> 00:09:53.298 For female characters, though 113 00:09:53.298 --> 00:09:58.099 they will still tend to resemble the teenager's face here 114 00:09:58.099 --> 00:10:03.574 or you could just make the jawline rounder 115 00:10:03.574 --> 00:10:04.703 like this 116 00:10:08.337 --> 00:10:13.137 From this age group and older 117 00:10:13.137 --> 00:10:15.792 for men, whose faces change more rapidly 118 00:10:18.475 --> 00:10:21.825 you should make sure their jaws 119 00:10:21.825 --> 00:10:24.343 look sharper than those of younger adults 120 00:10:24.343 --> 00:10:27.357 or teenagers 121 00:10:32.000 --> 00:10:35.000 Next are middle-aged adults in their forties or fifties 122 00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:38.060 They have lost even more fat in their face causing their cheeks to cave in 123 00:10:41.099 --> 00:10:44.168 and more importantly, their skin starts to sag 124 00:10:44.168 --> 00:10:46.743 just like this 125 00:10:46.743 --> 00:10:51.293 The skin on their cheeks will have used to 126 00:10:51.293 --> 00:10:55.331 look like this, but now they sag slightly downwards 127 00:10:59.366 --> 00:11:04.416 Because their skin has lost elasticity the ends of their eyes also curve downwards 128 00:11:04.416 --> 00:11:07.693 and that causes noticeable wrinkles 129 00:11:10.336 --> 00:11:14.036 The nose as well 130 00:11:14.036 --> 00:11:17.000 also tend to droop downwards 131 00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:17.812 The tip of the nose here 132 00:11:21.901 --> 00:11:26.832 The skin on the neck sags like this 133 00:11:26.832 --> 00:11:29.000 and the jaw looks like this due to skin 134 00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:30.664 Before it would have looked like this 135 00:11:35.168 --> 00:11:37.718 Most people 136 00:11:37.718 --> 00:11:43.752 because the ends of their eyelids droop down as they age 137 00:11:43.752 --> 00:11:47.911 will give a more gentle atmosphere 138 00:11:53.344 --> 00:11:57.386 Next is elderly people, in their seventies or older 139 00:11:57.386 --> 00:12:00.236 their eyelids sag completely downwards 140 00:12:00.236 --> 00:12:04.376 and form a downward curve 141 00:12:04.376 --> 00:12:07.356 The visible part of their eyes have gotten very small 142 00:12:07.356 --> 00:12:10.706 Their actual eyes would be about this large 143 00:12:13.350 --> 00:12:15.258 but the eyelids are obstructing them 144 00:12:17.723 --> 00:12:21.247 The part around their eyes lose skin 145 00:12:21.247 --> 00:12:23.911 and cave inwards 146 00:12:23.911 --> 00:12:25.861 The number of wrinkles increase drastically 147 00:12:25.861 --> 00:12:29.000 and the skin droops downwards like this 148 00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:31.693 This is also drooping skin 149 00:12:35.069 --> 00:12:38.219 Fat and muscle decrease 150 00:12:38.219 --> 00:12:40.040 and there is basically no fat in their cheeks 151 00:12:42.564 --> 00:12:46.114 Their nose also curve even more downwards 152 00:12:46.114 --> 00:12:47.901 like a Roman nose 153 00:12:49.436 --> 00:12:53.636 In comics and such, Roman noses are used very often 154 00:12:53.636 --> 00:12:57.040 to express that a character is old 155 00:12:59.822 --> 00:13:02.522 When drawing an elderly person 156 00:13:02.522 --> 00:13:06.644 you should keep in mind that most curves will go downwards 157 00:13:08.663 --> 00:13:10.881 The character should be thinner 158 00:13:10.881 --> 00:13:20.970 and have thin and drooping skin 159 00:13:20.970 --> 00:13:24.604 Next, let's take a look at the shape of the body 160 00:13:28.594 --> 00:13:30.109 according to age 161 00:13:31.802 --> 00:13:35.505 Children will have about a 1:4-5 head-to-body ratio 162 00:13:39.604 --> 00:13:43.317 This drawing is about 1:4 163 00:13:43.317 --> 00:13:46.217 A toddler like this 164 00:13:46.217 --> 00:13:48.564 can have a 1:2-3 ratio 165 00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:57.445 Babies in this age are chubby and don't seem to have muscle 166 00:13:57.445 --> 00:14:03.228 But their body fat will not sag at all 167 00:14:03.228 --> 00:14:06.782 Which is why when drawing them 168 00:14:11.218 --> 00:14:18.718 you should take care to make their lines 169 00:14:18.718 --> 00:14:21.218 look almost bulgy 170 00:14:23.435 --> 00:14:26.020 in the shape of a C 171 00:14:26.020 --> 00:14:29.000 Also, children tend to stand with their stomach outwards 172 00:14:32.416 --> 00:14:35.564 so that they look like this when seen from the side 173 00:14:38.089 --> 00:14:41.489 Their body lines will come down in a curve like this 174 00:14:41.489 --> 00:14:45.000 then bend back inwards at their tummy 175 00:14:53.445 --> 00:14:56.366 Sometimes, they haven't completely learned to stand yet 176 00:15:00.673 --> 00:15:05.307 so their hips are pushed backwards 177 00:15:05.307 --> 00:15:09.957 and their legs are bent like this 178 00:15:09.957 --> 00:15:11.000 as they are standing 179 00:15:13.525 --> 00:15:16.788 This pose can also be seen 180 00:15:16.788 --> 00:15:18.525 from a lot of early Disney characters 181 00:15:20.643 --> 00:15:22.443 such as Donald the Duck 182 00:15:22.443 --> 00:15:26.544 or Jerry from Tom and Jerry 183 00:15:26.544 --> 00:15:29.277 probably because it makes them look cute 184 00:15:31.881 --> 00:15:38.089 Next is the body of a child 185 00:15:38.089 --> 00:15:42.950 Children are sleeker than babies 186 00:15:42.960 --> 00:15:47.475 especially at the limbs 187 00:15:50.564 --> 00:15:54.386 However, they haven't gained any muscle 188 00:15:54.386 --> 00:15:57.832 so they have barely any curves in their body 189 00:15:57.832 --> 00:16:04.604 An adult character would have muscles like this, but we can skip that 190 00:16:04.604 --> 00:16:08.119 I intended this example to seem about 10 years old 191 00:16:08.119 --> 00:16:12.000 but if you wanted a child at about seven years old 192 00:16:12.000 --> 00:16:16.138 You can see here that I used an S-shaped line 193 00:16:16.138 --> 00:16:19.604 Instead of this 194 00:16:19.604 --> 00:16:28.841 if you add a bit more body fat 195 00:16:28.841 --> 00:16:33.475 the character looks more younger 196 00:16:33.475 --> 00:16:37.891 Next is teenagers 197 00:16:37.891 --> 00:16:39.991 From here, hormonal differences 198 00:16:39.991 --> 00:16:43.129 cause the sexes to have different physical characteristics 199 00:16:43.138 --> 00:16:48.723 One thing male and female teenagers have in common would be that they both develop at the shoulders and hips 200 00:16:48.723 --> 00:16:51.373 They become longer than when they were children 201 00:16:51.373 --> 00:16:53.923 And their body features 202 00:16:53.923 --> 00:16:57.336 will gain more detail in general 203 00:16:57.336 --> 00:17:01.000 You can see the wider shoulders and hips here 204 00:17:06.505 --> 00:17:08.955 Young characters up to teenagers 205 00:17:08.955 --> 00:17:11.555 have a lot of elasticity in their skin 206 00:17:11.555 --> 00:17:13.355 so even if a body part has a lot of muscle or fat 207 00:17:13.355 --> 00:17:18.743 it should be angled either horizontally or upwards 208 00:17:18.743 --> 00:17:21.793 For example, this male teenage character 209 00:17:21.793 --> 00:17:25.555 has calves that are pointing slightly upwards 210 00:17:25.555 --> 00:17:28.055 Making features be angled correctly is important 211 00:17:28.055 --> 00:17:31.337 for expressing vitality or youth 212 00:17:36.703 --> 00:17:38.178 Now let's move on to young adults 213 00:17:39.970 --> 00:17:42.574 Their skeletal structures are fully developed 214 00:17:42.574 --> 00:17:49.020 and muscles and body fat are noticeably present 215 00:17:49.020 --> 00:17:52.320 You can now draw details 216 00:17:52.320 --> 00:17:55.643 of skeletal structure, muscles and body fat 217 00:17:55.643 --> 00:17:59.000 that you would have intentionally left out beforehand 218 00:18:03.812 --> 00:18:06.871 Next is middle-aged characters 219 00:18:06.871 --> 00:18:13.544 They have gotten slightly shorter 220 00:18:17.396 --> 00:18:20.049 and their skin begins to droop 221 00:18:22.495 --> 00:18:26.145 Before this part would have curved like this 222 00:18:26.145 --> 00:18:31.138 but now it points a bit more downwards 223 00:18:31.138 --> 00:18:35.588 Contrary to when I expressed adolescence 224 00:18:35.588 --> 00:18:40.356 Curves should be pointing downwards 225 00:18:40.356 --> 00:18:43.356 You can see here that the parts covering muscle or body fat 226 00:18:43.356 --> 00:18:50.475 are going downwards, the same can be seen at the legs as well 227 00:18:56.772 --> 00:19:00.385 The muscles here also are located more at the lower parts 228 00:19:04.247 --> 00:19:10.000 This kind of nuance is needed when expressing aging 229 00:19:12.000 --> 00:19:14.700 Because skin begins to sag 230 00:19:14.700 --> 00:19:20.000 wrinkles also begin to appear also on the face 231 00:19:21.832 --> 00:19:25.032 And loss of elasticity in the skin 232 00:19:25.032 --> 00:19:28.188 results in details such as bone and muscle structure becoming visible 233 00:19:30.564 --> 00:19:33.525 Last is elderly people seventy years old or older 234 00:19:36.168 --> 00:19:44.818 Their height decreases and their shoulders and backs are bent 235 00:19:44.818 --> 00:19:49.119 which makes their heads lean forward 236 00:19:49.119 --> 00:19:52.208 This is because they have lost the strength to maintain posture 237 00:19:52.208 --> 00:19:54.758 And as we saw before 238 00:19:54.758 --> 00:19:57.841 the sagging of facial skin from before progresses further 239 00:20:01.782 --> 00:20:04.406 Skin also sags on places like this 240 00:20:07.881 --> 00:20:14.376 They also almost completely lose body fat, so they are generally very thin 241 00:20:14.376 --> 00:20:18.317 Like before, if you just pay attention to giving these downward curves 242 00:20:18.317 --> 00:20:21.465 even if you don't add an enormous amount of detail 243 00:20:21.465 --> 00:20:23.715 or even if you aren't drawing a skinny person 244 00:20:23.715 --> 00:20:28.915 but decided to draw them to be stout 245 00:20:28.915 --> 00:20:30.792 you can still make them feel old enough 246 00:20:30.792 --> 00:20:31.842 For example 247 00:20:35.931 --> 00:20:40.581 A chubby person of old age won't have an arm like this 248 00:20:40.581 --> 00:20:43.031 Imagine their forearm as a water balloon 249 00:20:43.031 --> 00:20:46.000 It sag downwards, like this 250 00:20:52.000 --> 00:20:54.871 Next is characteristics according to body type 251 00:20:54.871 --> 00:20:59.059 Skinny bodies have lines that curve inward 252 00:20:59.059 --> 00:21:00.198 This is a skinny arm 253 00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:07.600 The torso as well 254 00:21:07.600 --> 00:21:10.683 can be drawn using inward curves 255 00:21:18.178 --> 00:21:22.921 This body is a linear shape, with relatively few curves 256 00:21:22.921 --> 00:21:31.079 The way the limbs stretch give a linear feeling 257 00:21:31.079 --> 00:21:34.507 In real life, people as thin as this 258 00:21:34.507 --> 00:21:37.366 will look even less curvy than this drawing 259 00:21:37.366 --> 00:21:47.960 and in a completely straight line, like this 260 00:21:47.960 --> 00:21:51.210 But for more effective expression in drawings 261 00:21:51.210 --> 00:21:54.416 you can use a slight inward curve 262 00:21:54.416 --> 00:22:00.916 Though in the case of someone in real life 263 00:22:00.916 --> 00:22:03.416 who has barely any muscle or fat 264 00:22:03.416 --> 00:22:06.871 they could resemble the drawing very closely 265 00:22:06.871 --> 00:22:08.802 Next, chubby bodies 266 00:22:17.356 --> 00:22:20.356 Unlike before, the lines of the body curve outwards 267 00:22:29.000 --> 00:22:31.600 I always say that you should 268 00:22:31.600 --> 00:22:33.337 imagine the body in an S curve, with the curving parts located more at the upper part 269 00:22:33.337 --> 00:22:38.505 But that's in order to give a spry feeling 270 00:22:38.505 --> 00:22:43.723 We don't need to express that here 271 00:22:43.723 --> 00:22:46.416 so you can just draw it in a bulgy way 272 00:22:52.287 --> 00:22:54.737 So that's the kind of S-curve you should use here 273 00:22:54.737 --> 00:22:56.574 You can think of it as similar to 274 00:22:59.297 --> 00:23:02.497 how you draw the limbs 275 00:23:02.497 --> 00:23:05.000 of a baby or toddler 276 00:23:15.956 --> 00:23:19.445 Next is the fat body type 277 00:23:22.108 --> 00:23:27.128 Body fat will usually accumulate most at the torso and thighs 278 00:23:27.128 --> 00:23:28.425 like this 279 00:23:37.049 --> 00:23:40.772 So the body will look overall like an almond 280 00:23:44.792 --> 00:23:47.554 but wider at the middle of its length 281 00:23:47.554 --> 00:23:52.792 What's different from a 'chubby' body is skin will hang down 282 00:23:52.792 --> 00:23:54.099 If you draw this person's arm 283 00:23:57.832 --> 00:24:00.426 in an outstretched position 284 00:24:06.158 --> 00:24:08.158 If this is a skinnier person's arm 285 00:24:10.168 --> 00:24:13.643 The fat person's arm would sag like this 286 00:24:17.148 --> 00:24:21.346 kind of like a water balloon 287 00:24:31.802 --> 00:24:34.802 Next is a muscular body 288 00:24:39.445 --> 00:24:42.871 A muscular body will also have bulging parts 289 00:24:46.000 --> 00:24:50.772 but it won't sag, because muscle is held in place 290 00:24:52.327 --> 00:24:54.327 Think of before when I was explaining 291 00:24:56.277 --> 00:25:00.485 how to express youth when drawing a body 292 00:25:00.485 --> 00:25:02.287 You draw a limber S-curve 293 00:25:02.287 --> 00:25:09.861 or a curved line that points either horizontally or upwards 294 00:25:17.218 --> 00:25:22.089 This is how you express the solidness and limberness of muscles 295 00:25:31.520 --> 00:25:39.576 But be careful not to draw it too much like this 296 00:25:39.576 --> 00:25:41.897 Because then the character will end up like the Michelin mascot 297 00:25:44.920 --> 00:25:50.383 Also, if you taper the waist a bit 298 00:25:52.333 --> 00:26:00.491 the character will look like a 'big muscular guy' character 299 00:26:04.919 --> 00:26:07.869 This isn't bad, but generally a muscular body 300 00:26:07.869 --> 00:26:11.418 should look like an inverted triangle 301 00:26:13.919 --> 00:26:17.657 to make it clear that it is a muscular character 302 00:26:17.657 --> 00:26:20.657 at first sight, so I recommend 303 00:26:20.657 --> 00:26:22.687 trying the general inverted triangle shape first 304 00:26:23.458 --> 00:26:27.398 Emotions and Facial Expressions 305 00:26:28.480 --> 00:26:30.330 Next let's learn about expressing emotions 306 00:26:30.330 --> 00:26:33.320 and facial expressions according to the type of character 307 00:26:33.320 --> 00:26:39.470 The most important part of the face when it comes to expressing emotion is the eyebrows 308 00:26:39.470 --> 00:26:44.680 You can make most emotional expressions just with eyebrows 309 00:26:44.680 --> 00:26:52.088 Angry faces, sad faces, happy faces 310 00:26:57.879 --> 00:26:59.997 Or even something like this 311 00:27:02.760 --> 00:27:06.610 In comics, these kinds of expressions are crucial 312 00:27:06.610 --> 00:27:08.720 which makes the eyebrows even more important 313 00:27:08.720 --> 00:27:11.220 The next important part is the mouth 314 00:27:11.220 --> 00:27:19.116 the most direct method of expression, alongside the eyebrows 315 00:27:19.116 --> 00:27:19.976 They can be used to laugh 316 00:27:23.480 --> 00:27:24.677 cry 317 00:27:30.368 --> 00:27:31.457 or be surprised 318 00:27:35.720 --> 00:27:39.797 All of these can be expressed 319 00:27:43.399 --> 00:27:45.857 with just the mouth and nothing else 320 00:27:53.160 --> 00:27:55.508 You can see what kind of face they're making 321 00:28:00.163 --> 00:28:04.279 So laughing, crying, surprise, and others can all be expressed with just a mouth 322 00:28:04.279 --> 00:28:08.429 After that we have the eyes 323 00:28:08.429 --> 00:28:13.437 They can express emotion the most dramatically 324 00:28:13.437 --> 00:28:16.787 You might be wondering why 325 00:28:16.787 --> 00:28:19.880 the eyes are not the most important way of expression 326 00:28:19.880 --> 00:28:23.580 But when it comes to comical expression 327 00:28:23.580 --> 00:28:25.756 the eyes are more effective when put together with the eyebrows 328 00:28:28.600 --> 00:28:29.745 For example 329 00:28:36.399 --> 00:28:37.665 there's a face here 330 00:28:40.559 --> 00:28:42.406 with eyes like this 331 00:28:51.097 --> 00:28:55.679 Can you imagine what kind of emotion it represents? 332 00:28:55.679 --> 00:28:57.897 It could be a sad face 333 00:29:00.520 --> 00:29:04.199 since sad faces will have eyes like this 334 00:29:04.199 --> 00:29:04.931 But 335 00:29:07.479 --> 00:29:10.295 It could also be a face of someone 336 00:29:10.295 --> 00:29:11.637 that's going off on their temper, like this 337 00:29:14.199 --> 00:29:15.318 Or let's go the opposite direction 338 00:29:19.399 --> 00:29:20.577 and like this 339 00:29:23.839 --> 00:29:26.228 It could be a very smug face as well 340 00:29:29.039 --> 00:29:33.320 So what is more crucial for telling emotion is the eyebrows 341 00:29:33.320 --> 00:29:38.420 The eyes are rather there to reinforce 342 00:29:38.420 --> 00:29:41.839 the emotions the eyebrows are showing 343 00:29:41.839 --> 00:29:44.477 Of course, eyebrows can be used on their own well enough 344 00:29:48.287 --> 00:29:51.708 Let's try getting rid of these eyes 345 00:29:51.708 --> 00:29:54.887 and replace them with a couple of dots 346 00:29:54.887 --> 00:29:56.679 which are unable to give away any emotion 347 00:29:56.679 --> 00:29:59.095 We can still tell what face this is 348 00:30:06.359 --> 00:30:09.559 There are often characters in comics 349 00:30:09.559 --> 00:30:12.480 with dots for eyes 350 00:30:12.480 --> 00:30:16.454 They can be drawn like that because of the freedom of expression that the eyebrows have 351 00:30:22.480 --> 00:30:25.279 Next, we have facial muscles 352 00:30:25.279 --> 00:30:28.307 This is a more advanced part 353 00:30:32.200 --> 00:30:36.307 One facial muscle is the zygomatic muscles, or the cheekbones 354 00:30:43.160 --> 00:30:46.399 When they are raised, the face is mostly a smiling one 355 00:30:46.399 --> 00:30:48.749 so most times when a character is smiling 356 00:30:48.749 --> 00:30:51.238 their cheekbones become visible like this 357 00:30:54.440 --> 00:30:56.185 This is one way of expressing that 358 00:30:56.185 --> 00:31:00.406 Another way comics often use is this 359 00:31:03.480 --> 00:31:07.279 which gives a more realistic smiling face 360 00:31:07.279 --> 00:31:10.029 When the zygomas are lifted, the corners of the mouth 361 00:31:10.029 --> 00:31:11.317 will naturally also move up 362 00:31:17.679 --> 00:31:21.279 This is why people can usually tell that a smile is fake 363 00:31:21.279 --> 00:31:25.167 because only the corners of the mouth move in a fake smile 364 00:31:29.040 --> 00:31:30.084 Let's raise the corners of the mouth 365 00:31:32.640 --> 00:31:35.327 and give this face a nose 366 00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:41.386 The nose will become wrinkled when frowning 367 00:31:47.200 --> 00:31:49.667 but it can also get wrinkled 368 00:31:54.720 --> 00:31:59.207 when a character is smiling 369 00:32:05.325 --> 00:32:07.607 specifically when the character is laughing very hard 370 00:32:12.679 --> 00:32:14.809 It can also happen when the character is in extreme pain 371 00:32:26.959 --> 00:32:28.448 or very angry 372 00:32:34.860 --> 00:32:36.667 In those cases, wrinkles will also appear between the eyebrows 373 00:32:40.197 --> 00:32:42.487 as well as the tip of the nose 374 00:32:44.959 --> 00:32:46.709 Usually frowning faces 375 00:32:46.709 --> 00:32:50.359 will feel like they are growling 376 00:32:50.359 --> 00:32:53.866 thus reminds people of anger 377 00:32:57.094 --> 00:32:59.178 Also, wrinkles near the eyes 378 00:33:03.239 --> 00:33:04.913 so muscles near the eyes, per se 379 00:33:04.913 --> 00:33:10.185 like the part under the eyes 380 00:33:17.249 --> 00:33:18.003 another part is 381 00:33:20.480 --> 00:33:24.378 the tip of the eyes here, where skin folds 382 00:33:27.839 --> 00:33:35.279 and this, are all ways of drawing wrinkles near the eyes 383 00:33:41.079 --> 00:33:44.904 These various facial muscles are crucial 384 00:33:44.904 --> 00:33:48.359 for delicate emotional expression 385 00:33:48.359 --> 00:33:51.009 Next let's take a look at how the face moves 386 00:33:51.009 --> 00:33:53.760 when expressing major emotions 387 00:33:53.760 --> 00:33:56.160 When someone is happy 388 00:33:56.160 --> 00:33:59.025 their face will overall move upwards 389 00:34:01.440 --> 00:34:02.407 The eyebrows rise 390 00:34:06.418 --> 00:34:09.485 while making an arc 391 00:34:09.485 --> 00:34:16.239 The skin under the eyes will also rise 392 00:34:16.239 --> 00:34:16.736 And because of this 393 00:34:16.736 --> 00:34:23.548 the shape the eyes make when we say someone's eyes are 'smiling' 394 00:34:29.919 --> 00:34:32.107 is formed here 395 00:34:36.320 --> 00:34:38.556 And the corners of the mouth 396 00:34:40.479 --> 00:34:43.648 of course go up as well, this is a classic expression of joy 397 00:34:46.119 --> 00:34:49.238 The eyelids also go up like this 398 00:34:51.400 --> 00:34:52.608 And for the cheekbones 399 00:34:59.679 --> 00:35:03.337 I said that if they don't rise and the mouth corners do that's a fake smile 400 00:35:03.337 --> 00:35:05.635 To express real happiness and joy 401 00:35:05.635 --> 00:35:08.119 the cheekbones should rise along with the other features 402 00:35:09.297 --> 00:35:10.832 Next is anger 403 00:35:12.257 --> 00:35:15.475 What is the most characteristic expression of anger? 404 00:35:15.475 --> 00:35:21.125 Probably the eyebrows 405 00:35:21.125 --> 00:35:22.237 making this V-shape 406 00:35:24.307 --> 00:35:26.000 Like this 407 00:35:27.822 --> 00:35:30.172 This V-shaped expression of rage 408 00:35:30.172 --> 00:35:33.317 will feel very aggressive 409 00:35:37.426 --> 00:35:38.426 like this 410 00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:41.000 In contrast 411 00:35:45.089 --> 00:35:47.089 another type of anger can be expressed this way 412 00:35:56.812 --> 00:36:00.396 This is mostly an expression of contempt 413 00:36:02.000 --> 00:36:05.910 And if the eyes are here 414 00:36:05.910 --> 00:36:11.337 the eyelids will go down like this 415 00:36:15.822 --> 00:36:18.222 And the part between the eyebrows 416 00:36:18.222 --> 00:36:21.752 will also move downwards, as the eyebrows make a reverse V shape 417 00:36:21.752 --> 00:36:27.702 This is not just skin sagging 418 00:36:27.702 --> 00:36:30.030 but rather there are muscles behind the skin 419 00:36:30.030 --> 00:36:35.667 This is the reason 420 00:36:35.667 --> 00:36:37.604 that an angry person's eyes become like this 421 00:36:42.891 --> 00:36:43.565 Like so 422 00:36:46.861 --> 00:36:49.211 This half-moon shape of the eyes 423 00:36:49.211 --> 00:36:52.120 are made because of the descending skin 424 00:36:52.120 --> 00:36:54.620 And now between the eyebrows 425 00:36:54.620 --> 00:36:57.661 They become scrunched, of course 426 00:36:57.661 --> 00:36:58.998 The skin below the eyes 427 00:37:04.120 --> 00:37:05.096 will also become wrinkled 428 00:37:14.663 --> 00:37:16.527 It will feel kind of like this 429 00:37:22.240 --> 00:37:23.736 And the corners of the mouth 430 00:37:26.840 --> 00:37:32.335 and the nose will also become wrinkled 431 00:37:39.492 --> 00:37:42.828 on the upper parts, like this 432 00:37:42.828 --> 00:37:45.878 Next is sadness 433 00:37:45.878 --> 00:37:51.760 Sadness makes the facial features go downwards overall 434 00:37:51.760 --> 00:37:54.560 And when lines curve downwards 435 00:37:54.560 --> 00:37:57.400 they will naturally give a sad and depressing feeling 436 00:37:57.400 --> 00:37:59.500 Aside from the feeling that curved lines give 437 00:37:59.500 --> 00:38:04.279 sad faces in real life will have downward curves 438 00:38:04.279 --> 00:38:09.639 For example, the eyebrows curving like this, in a reverse V 439 00:38:09.639 --> 00:38:14.934 The corners of the mouth will go down 440 00:38:14.934 --> 00:38:18.826 The ends of the eyes as well 441 00:38:23.599 --> 00:38:26.649 Basically all of the facial features will move down 442 00:38:26.649 --> 00:38:30.225 except for the spot between the eyebrows 443 00:38:33.137 --> 00:38:35.516 Next is surprise 444 00:38:41.160 --> 00:38:42.936 Facial features will get bigger 445 00:38:53.456 --> 00:38:59.679 like the eyes, and the mouth as well 446 00:38:59.679 --> 00:39:08.408 which will cause the jaw to move down as well 447 00:39:15.946 --> 00:39:20.416 causing the nostrils to become wider vertically in turn 448 00:39:25.119 --> 00:39:28.577 The eyebrows will move upwards in surprise 449 00:39:32.559 --> 00:39:34.475 The next emotion is boredom 450 00:39:38.306 --> 00:39:41.559 A bored face is more of an expressionless face 451 00:39:41.559 --> 00:39:46.309 Boredom doesn't cause much change in the eyebrows or face 452 00:39:46.309 --> 00:39:48.919 Only the eyebrows move down slightly 453 00:39:48.919 --> 00:39:53.000 to create a perfect half-moon with the eyes 454 00:39:53.000 --> 00:39:57.537 If you distinguish the irises, it would look like this 455 00:40:00.317 --> 00:40:05.479 Also, the basic face that I made has a bit of cheekbone 456 00:40:05.479 --> 00:40:07.996 It would probably be good to send this down a bit 457 00:40:12.320 --> 00:40:17.080 The mouth is straight, as well as the eyebrows and eyes 458 00:40:17.080 --> 00:40:21.946 They're only slightly different from a relaxed face 459 00:40:21.946 --> 00:40:24.646 If this was where the eyebrows were 460 00:40:24.646 --> 00:40:29.639 they just move slightly down 461 00:40:29.639 --> 00:40:35.240 to feel more linear 462 00:40:35.240 --> 00:40:43.040 There of course plenty of other ways 463 00:40:43.040 --> 00:40:44.800 to express emotion than just creating a scheme like this 464 00:40:44.800 --> 00:40:47.500 You can also try mixing these faces 465 00:40:47.500 --> 00:40:51.600 to create ones with different emotions 466 00:40:51.600 --> 00:40:57.479 When you apply those emotions to a character that becomes their personality 467 00:40:57.479 --> 00:41:00.908 Let's try making a character with a personality 468 00:41:04.920 --> 00:41:09.200 Here's a reverse V-shaped pair of eyebrows 469 00:41:09.200 --> 00:41:12.079 Because it gives off a sad vibe 470 00:41:12.079 --> 00:41:15.679 if we set this as the default face for the character 471 00:41:15.679 --> 00:41:18.160 we can create a sad-looking character 472 00:41:18.160 --> 00:41:19.636 How exactly should we go about that? 473 00:41:22.119 --> 00:41:24.769 First, set the character's eyebrows 474 00:41:24.769 --> 00:41:27.228 to look like this from the beginning 475 00:41:48.516 --> 00:41:51.316 As we add details, we could create 476 00:41:51.316 --> 00:41:54.239 a sad, elderly character 477 00:41:54.239 --> 00:41:56.406 This character looks like this by default 478 00:42:01.654 --> 00:42:03.644 Let's create a second character 479 00:42:03.644 --> 00:42:07.129 Round curves on the face express joy 480 00:42:10.406 --> 00:42:12.714 Let's draw a upward pointing curve like this 481 00:42:18.565 --> 00:42:21.842 for the eyebrows 482 00:42:21.842 --> 00:42:24.971 and the cheekbones as well 483 00:42:29.389 --> 00:42:37.614 A character with rising facial features like this 484 00:42:37.614 --> 00:42:40.766 will be a positive and lively character 485 00:42:44.654 --> 00:42:49.040 Next, upside-down V-shaped eyebrows express anger 486 00:42:49.040 --> 00:42:54.040 so a character with these eyebrows as the default 487 00:42:54.040 --> 00:42:57.186 will seem to have a hot temper 488 00:43:07.931 --> 00:43:13.040 You don't even need an angry mouth like this 489 00:43:13.040 --> 00:43:16.690 Even with a closed mouth 490 00:43:16.690 --> 00:43:21.852 this character looks hot-tempered enough 491 00:43:21.852 --> 00:43:29.327 And because round eyes express surprise 492 00:43:29.347 --> 00:43:36.396 if we make a character with these eyes 493 00:43:36.396 --> 00:43:38.025 we can make them look like a cowardly person 494 00:43:50.040 --> 00:43:52.040 Also, mixing emotions 495 00:43:52.040 --> 00:43:54.238 can lead to the creation of unique characters 496 00:43:57.466 --> 00:44:02.008 Let's combine angry eyes and eyebrows 497 00:44:13.921 --> 00:44:20.221 with a smiling mouth 498 00:44:20.221 --> 00:44:22.485 This character somehow looks very reckless 499 00:44:22.485 --> 00:44:28.159 like they're ready to do something bad 500 00:44:28.159 --> 00:44:36.991 Now, if I try adding an angry mouth 501 00:44:43.317 --> 00:44:50.040 to the sad character from before, it doesn't feel sad 502 00:44:50.040 --> 00:44:53.140 but feels rather like a irritable and troublemaking character 503 00:45:00.359 --> 00:45:04.947 Now let's take out the angry mouth 504 00:45:08.200 --> 00:45:12.850 and give this character a smiling mouth 505 00:45:12.850 --> 00:45:13.054 and upward-pointing eyes instead 506 00:45:14.298 --> 00:45:17.191 Now this character looks somewhat troubled 507 00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:41.400 All of the character types I mentioned can used not only for designing characters 508 00:45:41.400 --> 00:45:45.800 but for simply expressing emotions 509 00:45:45.800 --> 00:45:48.900 And this way of designing characters, with default emotions 510 00:45:48.900 --> 00:45:52.800 if you watch the animated movie 'Inside Out', for example 511 00:45:52.800 --> 00:45:55.700 is good for creating characters 512 00:45:55.700 --> 00:45:56.987 with strong personality traits 513 00:45:57.890 --> 00:46:01.833 Expressing Character's Emotions with Poses and Gestures 514 00:46:03.668 --> 00:46:06.168 Now, I'll show you how to express emotions 515 00:46:06.168 --> 00:46:09.027 using poses and gestures 516 00:46:09.027 --> 00:46:14.093 Motions have to do with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the body 517 00:46:14.093 --> 00:46:17.393 The sympathetic nerves activate the body 518 00:46:17.393 --> 00:46:20.043 when you feel excitement or fear 519 00:46:20.043 --> 00:46:25.551 Which is why gestures that come from excitement and tension are connected 520 00:46:25.551 --> 00:46:31.076 In contrast, the parasympathetic nerves relax the body when you are resting 521 00:46:31.076 --> 00:46:35.076 Because they awaken the body 522 00:46:35.076 --> 00:46:36.927 sympathetic nerves cause the muscles and heart 523 00:46:36.927 --> 00:46:40.096 to become very tense 524 00:46:40.096 --> 00:46:44.796 On the other hand, parasympathetic nerves cause both heartbeat and muscles 525 00:46:44.796 --> 00:46:49.265 to become less tense and relax 526 00:46:49.265 --> 00:46:51.800 The perfect state to fall asleep in 527 00:46:51.800 --> 00:46:53.450 This is connects to gestures 528 00:46:53.450 --> 00:46:58.245 that are passive and relaxed 529 00:46:58.245 --> 00:47:02.800 Now, let's explore body movements corresponding to different emotional expressions 530 00:47:05.800 --> 00:47:12.450 First is the head 531 00:47:12.450 --> 00:47:14.572 It makes the character look active when it heads forwards 532 00:47:17.523 --> 00:47:19.325 If it's jerked back, in contrast 533 00:47:29.087 --> 00:47:32.397 and put between the shoulders 534 00:47:32.397 --> 00:47:39.008 This is seen as passive or a sign of refusal 535 00:47:51.106 --> 00:47:56.756 Like so, where the head is relative to the body 536 00:47:56.756 --> 00:47:58.800 shows how active or passive someone is 537 00:48:02.602 --> 00:48:08.028 Next is the tip of the jaw 538 00:48:15.800 --> 00:48:20.830 If the jaw is lifted, the person's eyes will look downwards 539 00:48:24.434 --> 00:48:30.226 which signals that the character is looking down at whoever is in front of them 540 00:48:30.226 --> 00:48:33.800 giving them a sense of authority 541 00:48:33.800 --> 00:48:37.404 or making them look arrogant 542 00:48:37.404 --> 00:48:41.246 If their jaw is pointed towards their body 543 00:48:52.308 --> 00:48:55.800 their eyes will point upwards 544 00:48:57.800 --> 00:49:01.741 What kind of situation could this be? 545 00:49:01.741 --> 00:49:05.275 It would probably be when gauging others' reactions 546 00:49:08.453 --> 00:49:11.203 which means that the other person is in a higher position 547 00:49:11.203 --> 00:49:15.562 or the character is in trouble 548 00:49:18.424 --> 00:49:23.174 The location of the jaw, so where the head is pointing 549 00:49:23.174 --> 00:49:27.315 represents social or psychological standing 550 00:49:31.641 --> 00:49:33.800 Next we have the back and chest 551 00:49:36.800 --> 00:49:38.325 when your chest is spread out 552 00:49:45.671 --> 00:49:48.671 it expresses activeness 553 00:49:51.800 --> 00:50:01.552 In contrast, if your back is hunched 554 00:50:07.353 --> 00:50:08.799 you will look less active 555 00:50:11.413 --> 00:50:14.522 There's this saying, "Keep your chest up" 556 00:50:14.522 --> 00:50:18.334 When your chest is spread out, you look confident 557 00:50:18.334 --> 00:50:23.334 But if your back is hunched like this 558 00:50:23.334 --> 00:50:26.076 you're not very confident at all 559 00:50:26.076 --> 00:50:29.799 So, how spread out the back and chest are expresses how confident you are 560 00:50:31.799 --> 00:50:33.235 Next is the arms 561 00:50:35.512 --> 00:50:41.423 When the arms are spread outwards it represents literally the spreading out of something 562 00:50:51.611 --> 00:50:55.799 It also means that your gestures get larger 563 00:50:55.799 --> 00:50:58.799 What does that mean? 564 00:50:58.799 --> 00:51:03.393 It means that the expression of emotion is stronger as well 565 00:51:03.393 --> 00:51:09.799 In contrast, if the arms are bent inward what situation would that be? 566 00:51:15.175 --> 00:51:20.799 The character could be a bit shy 567 00:51:20.799 --> 00:51:26.987 or twisting in embarrassment, like in this drawing 568 00:51:36.517 --> 00:51:37.413 Otherwise 569 00:51:45.393 --> 00:51:47.482 they could be shrinking in fear 570 00:51:47.482 --> 00:51:52.482 For example, a situation like this 571 00:51:52.482 --> 00:51:56.086 where the character is clutching their arm with the other 572 00:51:56.086 --> 00:51:59.036 These are gestures 573 00:51:59.036 --> 00:52:01.215 that are signs of hiding emotion 574 00:52:01.215 --> 00:52:04.265 In other words, arms show 575 00:52:04.265 --> 00:52:05.799 how much emotion the character is willing to show 576 00:52:10.799 --> 00:52:13.541 Next is the legs 577 00:52:13.541 --> 00:52:18.799 If a character's knees are bent slightly forward 578 00:52:22.799 --> 00:52:24.957 that means they're getting ready to move 579 00:52:24.957 --> 00:52:29.155 This is also linked to the tension from before 580 00:52:32.532 --> 00:52:33.799 In contrast 581 00:52:36.482 --> 00:52:40.442 If someone is standing still and straight 582 00:52:40.442 --> 00:52:43.393 that means they're not prepared to move 583 00:52:43.393 --> 00:52:47.799 So standing straight represents a state 584 00:52:47.799 --> 00:52:50.599 of not being ready nor required to move 585 00:52:50.599 --> 00:52:53.938 so a calm state 586 00:52:59.092 --> 00:53:02.342 This pose is a tense one 587 00:53:02.342 --> 00:53:06.225 where the character can move at any time 588 00:53:06.225 --> 00:53:10.363 It would be taken in a tense situation 589 00:53:13.423 --> 00:53:16.185 Last is the direction of the shoulders and hips 590 00:53:17.967 --> 00:53:20.967 Here are the shoulders, and here are the hips 591 00:53:24.403 --> 00:53:28.086 If they are in a straight line, this is how it feels 592 00:53:29.799 --> 00:53:33.699 The most natural position is on where 593 00:53:33.699 --> 00:53:36.799 the shoulders and hips are facing slightly different directions 594 00:53:36.799 --> 00:53:39.621 By natural, I mean a state where someone 595 00:53:39.621 --> 00:53:43.977 is not tense, and completely at ease 596 00:53:49.874 --> 00:53:52.858 An example would be when leaning on some railing 597 00:53:55.274 --> 00:53:58.571 Most relaxed standing poses will resemble that 598 00:54:00.017 --> 00:54:03.767 This pose has its center of gravity aligned perfectly with its center 599 00:54:03.767 --> 00:54:05.799 But if a pose is too relaxed 600 00:54:09.541 --> 00:54:11.799 the center of gravity will shift 601 00:54:11.799 --> 00:54:14.099 For example, let's imagine 602 00:54:14.099 --> 00:54:16.225 a student standing in front of a teacher 603 00:54:16.225 --> 00:54:19.625 If the student's shoulders and hips are in a straight line 604 00:54:19.625 --> 00:54:21.799 the student will be in a completely straight posture 605 00:54:21.799 --> 00:54:25.049 And if the student's center of gravity is out of place 606 00:54:25.049 --> 00:54:28.199 and their shoulders and hips are tilted 607 00:54:28.199 --> 00:54:29.799 their posture will be crooked 608 00:54:29.799 --> 00:54:32.799 Then the student will give off a disobedient vibe 609 00:54:32.799 --> 00:54:37.599 If you're standing in front of your teacher in a completely relaxed pose 610 00:54:37.599 --> 00:54:42.888 then you won't be much of a model student 611 00:54:42.888 --> 00:54:45.630 But in a situation 612 00:54:45.630 --> 00:54:47.502 where you don't have to adhere to any authority? 613 00:54:47.502 --> 00:54:50.393 You can stand freely 614 00:54:50.393 --> 00:54:52.611 in a natural way 615 00:54:52.611 --> 00:54:57.161 So the position of the shoulders, hips, and center of gravity 616 00:54:57.161 --> 00:55:00.274 represent how physically and emotionally relaxed the character is 617 00:55:05.286 --> 00:55:07.736 Now that we know how it works 618 00:55:07.736 --> 00:55:10.920 let's look at some examples of how to express emotions with poses 619 00:55:10.920 --> 00:55:12.633 First is fear 620 00:55:12.633 --> 00:55:16.158 A character that is afraid has an overall shrinking posture 621 00:55:16.158 --> 00:55:18.603 And how would the character's head move when expressing denial? 622 00:55:18.613 --> 00:55:22.940 It would shrink towards the body 623 00:55:25.088 --> 00:55:28.940 The head is hiding between the shoulders and the arms are hugging each other 624 00:55:28.940 --> 00:55:31.682 Does this person have any confidence right now? 625 00:55:31.682 --> 00:55:33.098 No, none at all 626 00:55:33.098 --> 00:55:37.772 So their back is hunched 627 00:55:37.772 --> 00:55:40.445 And how are their legs? 628 00:55:40.445 --> 00:55:42.801 Fear is a tense emotional state 629 00:55:42.801 --> 00:55:46.286 And what did tension mean? 630 00:55:46.286 --> 00:55:48.752 It means that the body is getting ready to move 631 00:55:48.752 --> 00:55:52.574 so it can run away at any time 632 00:55:52.574 --> 00:55:55.940 Which is why this person's knees are bent forward 633 00:55:55.940 --> 00:56:01.366 so they can get ready to run 634 00:56:05.029 --> 00:56:07.128 Next, expressing surprise 635 00:56:07.128 --> 00:56:11.158 Surprise will naturally contain a bit of fear 636 00:56:11.158 --> 00:56:13.658 because the fact that a character is surprised means that they don't have 637 00:56:13.658 --> 00:56:15.653 any control over the situation at the moment 638 00:56:15.653 --> 00:56:23.712 Which causes the character to shrink a bit 639 00:56:23.712 --> 00:56:27.940 and their head to stay between their shoulders 640 00:56:27.940 --> 00:56:32.781 And while the shoulders are hunched, other body parts are stretched out 641 00:56:32.781 --> 00:56:37.069 Why would a tense pose have straight limbs? 642 00:56:37.069 --> 00:56:41.148 "Don't the legs have to get ready to move?" 643 00:56:43.603 --> 00:56:46.346 "This person doesn't look ready to move at all!" 644 00:56:46.346 --> 00:56:48.762 That's what you might think 645 00:56:48.762 --> 00:56:52.524 but a 'surprised' pose only lasts for a moment 646 00:56:52.524 --> 00:56:56.079 so about one or two seconds 647 00:56:56.079 --> 00:57:00.970 while the character is still paralyzed by surprise 648 00:57:00.970 --> 00:57:03.940 So this character is not getting ready to move 649 00:57:03.940 --> 00:57:07.107 but rather, their muscles are already moving in surprise 650 00:57:07.107 --> 00:57:10.800 and the peak of that movement is the surprised pose 651 00:57:10.800 --> 00:57:14.068 That is why the character's limbs should be stretched out 652 00:57:14.068 --> 00:57:20.533 in order to show the extent of their body movement 653 00:57:20.533 --> 00:57:23.840 But surprise can be represented with other poses as well 654 00:57:23.840 --> 00:57:26.652 If what caused the surprise is in a lower relative to the character 655 00:57:29.008 --> 00:57:30.658 their chest would become puffed out 656 00:57:30.658 --> 00:57:34.780 because the character's torso leans backwards 657 00:57:34.780 --> 00:57:37.503 causing both the chest and back to stretch out 658 00:57:37.503 --> 00:57:41.454 And the character's arms and legs will also move backwards 659 00:57:41.454 --> 00:57:48.613 The character would then end up landing on their butt 660 00:57:51.939 --> 00:57:55.414 If what caused surprise is above the character 661 00:57:55.414 --> 00:58:01.414 Opposite from before, the character will become completely hunched up 662 00:58:01.414 --> 00:58:03.632 Next is anger 663 00:58:03.632 --> 00:58:06.751 Anger is characterized by aggressive poses 664 00:58:06.751 --> 00:58:13.285 The upper body, including the head, will head forwards 665 00:58:13.285 --> 00:58:18.276 And the fists will be clenched 666 00:58:20.483 --> 00:58:26.939 Arms under tension are typically better posed like this 667 00:58:26.939 --> 00:58:28.771 rather than extending outward like that 668 00:58:32.939 --> 00:58:36.266 I said before that when the head moves forward, that represents activeness 669 00:58:36.266 --> 00:58:39.939 When we express anger, we become active 670 00:58:39.939 --> 00:58:41.939 But one thing different from the norm here 671 00:58:41.939 --> 00:58:46.701 is that though normally, a hunched back means the person is shrinking 672 00:58:46.701 --> 00:58:49.692 But a person with a hunched back and stretched out shoulders 673 00:58:49.692 --> 00:58:54.543 is like an animal puffing out its body to intimidate 674 00:58:54.543 --> 00:58:58.355 And you can also see that the knees are bent forward 675 00:58:58.355 --> 00:59:01.939 This is because the character is getting ready to move 676 00:59:01.939 --> 00:59:04.632 in the case of anger specifically, to attack 677 00:59:04.632 --> 00:59:08.939 The arms can either completely stretched out 678 00:59:08.939 --> 00:59:13.583 or bent with their muscles being flexed 679 00:59:16.583 --> 00:59:20.147 Next is sadness, and sadness is droopy 680 00:59:20.147 --> 00:59:24.414 The body moves downwards overall 681 00:59:24.414 --> 00:59:27.365 There is no support being given to the head, so it droops forward 682 00:59:27.365 --> 00:59:36.206 This is different from the 'active' position from before 683 00:59:36.206 --> 00:59:38.820 where the chest would also move forward 684 00:59:38.820 --> 00:59:45.781 as if showing interest to whatever is ahead 685 00:59:50.266 --> 00:59:53.048 The back is bent, because the character is not very active 686 00:59:53.048 --> 00:59:54.948 and the arms also head inwards 687 00:59:54.948 --> 00:59:58.256 the body is tilted toward the front 688 00:59:58.256 --> 01:00:00.706 Because when our bodies have no strength 689 01:00:00.706 --> 01:00:02.612 they will tilt forwards 690 01:00:02.612 --> 01:00:06.652 You can think of it as similar to the expression of fear, where the character hunches forward 691 01:00:09.672 --> 01:00:12.375 Lastly, there is joy 692 01:00:12.384 --> 01:00:19.771 The body, especially the arms and legs will stretch outwards 693 01:00:19.771 --> 01:00:21.671 which is very appropriate 694 01:00:21.671 --> 01:00:23.969 for expressing joy 695 01:00:27.345 --> 01:00:32.087 And finally, let's take a short look at poses according to personality 696 01:00:32.087 --> 01:00:35.637 Combining the theories of expressing emotion we just learned 697 01:00:35.637 --> 01:00:37.939 I created some characters and represented their personalities 698 01:00:37.939 --> 01:00:41.513 using poses and physical characteristics 699 01:00:41.513 --> 01:00:45.295 First is an authoritative character 700 01:00:45.295 --> 01:00:49.295 His shoulders are straightened out 701 01:00:49.295 --> 01:00:53.147 and the shoulders, chest, and upper body are all puffed up 702 01:00:53.147 --> 01:00:58.454 This is the character's silhouette 703 01:00:58.454 --> 01:01:01.304 The lower parts of the body 704 01:01:01.304 --> 01:01:05.325 so the legs, are a very linear shape 705 01:01:05.325 --> 01:01:10.266 You have already learned that 706 01:01:10.266 --> 01:01:13.751 straight lines give an authoritative feeling 707 01:01:16.622 --> 01:01:19.435 One gimmick of 'higher-up' characters 708 01:01:19.435 --> 01:01:22.345 is that they don't do the dirty work themselves 709 01:01:22.345 --> 01:01:24.602 They stay in their chairs most of the time 710 01:01:24.602 --> 01:01:27.102 So they are not ready to move 711 01:01:27.102 --> 01:01:31.939 That's another reason this character's legs are straight 712 01:01:31.939 --> 01:01:35.039 We feel more tension from people who are tense themselves 713 01:01:35.039 --> 01:01:38.662 than from loosened people 714 01:01:38.662 --> 01:01:40.592 And authority should make others tense 715 01:01:40.592 --> 01:01:43.519 So, this character's shoulders, hips and center of gravity 716 01:01:43.519 --> 01:01:46.266 are also in a straight line 717 01:01:49.582 --> 01:01:52.127 Next is a bully character 718 01:01:52.127 --> 01:01:54.939 What pose would a bully take? 719 01:01:54.939 --> 01:02:00.592 First, the character's shoulders and hips are in a very distorted position 720 01:02:00.592 --> 01:02:06.593 And his center of gravity is out of place as well 721 01:02:12.483 --> 01:02:16.622 Next we have an active character 722 01:02:16.622 --> 01:02:20.276 Her upper body is angled forward 723 01:02:20.276 --> 01:02:25.523 And her legs are bent, getting ready to move 724 01:02:27.127 --> 01:02:29.239 This type of character design 725 01:02:29.239 --> 01:02:33.147 can be seen in a lot of old American cartoons 726 01:02:33.147 --> 01:02:35.147 This kind of expression 727 01:02:35.147 --> 01:02:37.939 was most often used for animal characters 728 01:02:37.939 --> 01:02:39.704 That is because old American cartoons 729 01:02:39.704 --> 01:02:43.632 were focused on slapstick comedy 730 01:02:43.632 --> 01:02:47.434 Now let's look at an introverted character 731 01:02:47.434 --> 01:02:53.810 His body heads inwards and downwards 732 01:02:53.810 --> 01:02:58.760 His shoulders are hunched, and his limbs curl inwards 733 01:02:58.760 --> 01:03:02.939 And his head is pointed downwards 734 01:03:02.939 --> 01:03:08.989 Creating a perfect stereotype 735 01:03:08.989 --> 01:03:11.592 of a timid character 736 01:03:11.592 --> 01:03:16.404 Now, you have learned about facial expressions and poses that represent personality 737 01:03:18.781 --> 01:03:22.573 Let's summarize what we learned this time 738 01:03:22.573 --> 01:03:25.399 First, we learned how to draw 739 01:03:25.399 --> 01:03:29.186 different physical characteristics 740 01:03:29.186 --> 01:03:31.086 The way the body curves according to sex 741 01:03:31.086 --> 01:03:35.157 and the different physical characteristics according to age 742 01:03:35.157 --> 01:03:39.434 We also learned ways to make distinct different body types 743 01:03:39.434 --> 01:03:41.034 Second, we learned how to express emotion 744 01:03:41.034 --> 01:03:45.127 using poses 745 01:03:45.127 --> 01:03:48.027 We learned that the way different parts of the body point 746 01:03:48.027 --> 01:03:51.652 give different nuances to characters' actions 747 01:03:51.652 --> 01:03:55.959 And learned about gestures that express emotions 748 01:03:55.959 --> 01:03:57.721 Congratulations for making it here 749 01:03:58.228 --> 01:03:59.428 Characteristics by type of person Characteristics by gender Male: Muscle〉Body fat = Straight, narrow pelvis, straight waist, upper body development Female: Body fat〉Muscle = Curved, wide pelvis, 8-shaped waist, lower body development 750 01:03:59.428 --> 01:04:00.628 Characteristics by age Younger people have shorter nose, philtrum, jaw and longer forehead The horizontal length of eyes, nose, and mouth decide how old person looks 751 01:04:00.628 --> 01:04:01.828 Body fat decreases with age, making body less round Skin elasticity decreases with age, causing skin to sag 752 01:04:01.828 --> 01:04:03.003 Body type Thin body has inward curves and overall linear body More body fat makes more C-curves More muscles makes more S-curves and rigid body 753 01:04:03.003 --> 01:04:03.990 Emotion & facial expressions Important features: eyebrows, mouth, eyes, facial muscles Movement of face by emotion Joy: features move upward 754 01:04:03.990 --> 01:04:05.005 Anger: V-shaped eyebrows, wrinkles form Sadness: features move downward Surprise: features become wider vertically Boredom: features become linear 755 01:04:05.005 --> 01:04:05.991 Expressing emotion using poses and gestures Important expressions of emotion Shoulders hunched when shrinking, such as in surprise or fear 756 01:04:05.991 --> 01:04:06.998 Upper body and head point forward to give active or aggressive feeling Unstable center of gravity or tilted shoulders & hips give disobedient feeling 757 01:04:06.998 --> 01:04:07.953 Body sagging downwards gives passive feeling, such as sadness or lethargy