WEBVTT

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Realistic Common
Level Design 1

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Hello

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I am Kwangwook Tak, and I will be in charge of Unreal Graphics lectures

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This Unreal Graphics course

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is designed to teach effective ways to use the Unreal Engine

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to showcase powerful real-time graphics

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We will explore level design for building spaces

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and sequencing techniques to capture these spaces as beautiful visuals

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The course will cover how to visualize and render high-quality graphics

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from Unreal Engine in real-time

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To start, we’ll first understand Unreal Engine as a visualization tool

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and learn the foundational work of level creation

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which is called whiteboxing

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Unreal Engine and Graphics

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In computer programming, the term "engine" refers to

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a program that performs essential and core functions

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 for other programs

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or for specific internal purposes

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much like how an engine serves as

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the critical component of a car

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To simplify, you can think of it as a "program that creates programs"

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On a smaller scale, we use

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search engines daily to look things up

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In modern AI, inference engines are utilized

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for tasks such as machine learning development

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In graphics, the term "engine" is also widely used

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Rendering, the process of generating 3D spaces or 2D images

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into a single picture

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often relies on dedicated rendering engines

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Unreal Engine, in particular, has long been used

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in the gaming industry as a game engine

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Initially developed by Epic Games

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for the game Unreal Tournament

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Unreal Engine is a 3D physics engine

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Today, it leads the metaverse space

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with the game Fortnite

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Within the engine, technologies like graphics, physical collision

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sound, and networking operate together

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all computed in real time

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this is what happens

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Let’s delve deeper into Unreal Engine

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from a visualization perspective

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Let us first learn about Computer Graphics Pipelines

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The engine we use

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is based on 3D processes

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even for many current 2D games

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that utilize 3D engine-based workflows

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Let’s explain using the 3D production workflow as a reference

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How does a 3D object end up displayed on your screen

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and visible to the human eye

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We’ll use an illustration to guide us through the process

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Imagine an empty 3D space

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Within it, there are characters and backgrounds

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characters and backgrounds, all composed of 3D objects

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In the same space, effects like shimmering lights or explosions

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commonly referred to as "FX", exist

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The character objects also move

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performing actions like walking, running, or flying

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collectively known as animations

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For users to recognize

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or interact with these objects

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we need signposts

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or indicators where users can press a button

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For users to recognize this

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known as UI, is needed

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All these elements

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collectively form what we call level design

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Here, "level" refers to

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the highs and lows of terrain

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essentially the design of the space

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Once level design is complete

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a camera is required to capture everything in the level

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The camera takes everything visible in the level

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and projects it onto the screen

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The process of projecting it onto the screen is called rendering

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With this rendered image

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consecutively displaying them

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we perceive motion

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We typically see a rendered frame

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that a camera shot 30 to 60 shots per second

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Raw rendering outputs are rarely shown as-is

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They usually undergo a correction phase

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known as post-production or post-process

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We usually call it post production

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For instance, before you watch a movie

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when actors promote a movie in interviews

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they often mention that the filming is complete

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but post-production is ongoing

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You may have heard something like this

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This means effects, color grading, and filters are being applied

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in tools like Photoshop, After Effects, or Premiere

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to enhance the color

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and create various effects

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Whether the visuals are softened, darkened

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or adjusted for emotional impact of the movie

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post-production elevates the movie’s focus and overall quality

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This is what we call

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the post production phase

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By following these steps, the final output is displayed on a monitor

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allowing us to experience the completed visuals

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If it's a game, you'll be looking at a monitor

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If it's a movie, you'll be watching it on a projection in a movie theater

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Most computer graphics

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goes through these steps

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You have a level design, a camera that takes pictures of the level design

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and a render shot from that camera

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and then a selection of images from those render shots

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that we see, which undergo post-production

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The 3D graphics are taken by the camera

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and render it on the screen, and at that stage, depending on the nature of the content

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it's either real-time rendering or non-real-time rendering

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Real-time rendering is literally drawing the image

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that the camera is drawing right there on the monitor

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Non-real-time rendering is the opposite

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Instead of showing you the image from the camera right away

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it is showing it later, regardless of time

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This is called non-real-time rendering

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Let's talk a little bit more about non-real-time rendering

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The typical non real-time content is

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movies, TV shows, commercials, things like that

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When we watch a movie, or when we watch a commercial

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we're just looking at the output from start to finish

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To be more specific

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we're seeing 30 or 60 pre-drawn images in a second

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one after the other

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If it's a movie, it's about two hours, if it's a drama, it's about an hour

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We watch it during this time

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So when we're rendering

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you don't have the time constraints

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so the characters move, effects go off, lights switch

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These things are set beforehand

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and are created on scene at a time with lots of effort

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There is no need for the shot to be short

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It could be a couple minutes, or it could take even an hour

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Also, to save time you can have the PC do multiple tasks

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such as having the rendering PC create one image

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at the same time

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by using making many computers

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So through this precise process

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video files, and image files are created

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The created images are later

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reconstructed through Premier or After Effect

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so we can simply enjoy the final video

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By taking time and using many PCs

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the reason for video or image rendering is simple

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It is to gain high-quality data

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For movies, videos or architecture rendering

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expressing the main character's sweat glans

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or expressing small particles such as smoke

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and the exact expression of certain textures reflecting light

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is extremely important

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Which is why it takes a long time

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to make sure the final content is of high quality

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and it should be of high quality

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and so non real-time rendering is used

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This is the characteristic of non-real-time rendering

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Real-time rendering, in general

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is the rendering method used

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for real-time content

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Real-time content refers to

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content that provides interactive services

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allowing interactions between the user

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and the computer

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Typically, games are a representative example

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For instance, in a game, if we want to move a character to the left

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or to the right

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we only need to input the key

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and the character moves accordingly

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We can command them to do so

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When the user's input changes the character's movement

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the environment of the level also changes

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and the scenes captured by the camera vary

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This process happens repeatedly every moment throughout the gameplay

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Moreover, there are physical interactions involved

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such as colliding with a wall or explosions causing objects to fly

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These physical interactions continuously occur

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along with various effects appearing dynamically

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In addition, lighting values keep changing in real-time

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So, it's not just about rendering static objects

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Instead, it's about continuously rendering

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unpredictable, dynamically changing information

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in real-time

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This is a key characteristic

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of real-time content

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Furthermore, games typically run on a single computer

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This means that a single computer, or a smartphone

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or a console device like PlayStation or Xbox

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has to compute all of this instantaneous content

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Rendering such unpredictable content

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onto the screen every moment

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is what we call real-time rendering

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Real-time content involves

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a large number of computations simultaneously

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These include object modeling data, lighting, effects, UI

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as well as physics interactions, sound, and artificial intelligence

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All of these must be computed at once

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and rendered repeatedly

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at a rate of 30 frames per second

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This means the rendering time for a single frame

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needs to be around 0.001 seconds

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As a result, because there is so much to compute

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and the time is extremely short

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the graphical quality in the past was not particularly impressive

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Let's take a look at the game Tomb Raider as an example

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Tomb Raider began development in the 1990s

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and has evolved through its series

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continuing to be created to this day

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It has even been adapted into movies

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As you can see in the image

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the character on the far left represents the protagonist from the earliest version of Tomb Raider

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Due to the large computational requirements and the low performance of computers at the time

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the character appeared very angular and geometric

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giving a rather unnatural look

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However, as graphic technology improved

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and computer hardware advanced

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the character evolved into the image seen on the far right

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This image is already from 2017

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nearly 10 years old

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yet it appears nearly lifelike

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You can imagine how much further the graphics have developed since then

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As the visual representation capabilities of game engines improved

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with advancements in hardware

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and programming skills

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the graphical quality of games has progressed

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to the point of resembling live-action films

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among game engines, Unreal Engine, in particular, has focused on photo-realistic representation

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It is recognized as the engine capable of achieving

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the most lifelike graphics

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With this level of quality being achieved in real time

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using Unreal Engine

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other industries have taken notice

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In fields such as video production, industrial design, and architecture

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where rendering used to be done without time constraints

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real-time rendering is now

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being introduced

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This shift allows for on-the-spot adjustments

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transforming the overall production process

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As a result, this approach saves time

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resources, as well as money

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Recently, with the development of VR

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and AR devices

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as well as the rise of virtual spaces

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 and mixed reality (MR)

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many of these new types of content are being produced

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and they frequently use real-time rendering

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in the present day

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Creating A White Boxing

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Now, let's move on to level design

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by creating 3D spaces to build an environment

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Level design usually begins

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with a workflow called "white boxing"

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In the early stages of project development

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prototyping is used

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 to validate content

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and simple levels or terrains are often needed

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At this stage, to facilitate rapid validation and modification

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temporary data is used

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which is later replaced with finalized assets once all validations are complete

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This temporary data

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is typically represented as white basic boxes

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referred to as "white boxes"

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and the process of creating them is called

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"white boxing"

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Although these boxes are generally white, they don’t have to be

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In Unreal Engine, this process is sometimes referred to as "gray boxing"

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or "block out"

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The 3D modeling data used in an engine

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is collectively called "mesh"

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While meshes are often created

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using external tools like Blender, 3D MAX, or Maya

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00:14:00.131 --> 00:14:03.731
the simple dummy meshes used in white boxing

272
00:14:03.731 --> 00:14:06.481
can be created directly within the engine

273
00:14:06.481 --> 00:14:09.481
Unreal Engine provides two features for this purpose

274
00:14:09.481 --> 00:14:12.681
the Modeling Tool and Geometry Brush

275
00:14:12.681 --> 00:14:14.231
these two are provided

276
00:14:14.231 --> 00:14:17.231
Geometry Brush is optimized

277
00:14:17.231 --> 00:14:18.631
 for creating simple shapes

278
00:14:18.631 --> 00:14:22.581
while the Modeling Tool enables more advanced modeling

279
00:14:22.581 --> 00:14:25.881
comparable to what can be achieved

280
00:14:25.881 --> 00:14:28.131
in external tools like Blender or Maya

281
00:14:28.131 --> 00:14:31.181
However, because the Modeling Tool requires similar expertise

282
00:14:31.181 --> 00:14:33.231
to external tools

283
00:14:33.231 --> 00:14:34.781
for this level design session

284
00:14:34.781 --> 00:14:36.981
we will use the simpler Geometry Brush

285
00:14:36.981 --> 00:14:38.931
to create basic designs

286
00:14:38.931 --> 00:14:40.831
and create levels

287
00:14:40.831 --> 00:14:43.581
For this session on designing a level

288
00:14:43.581 --> 00:14:46.931
I’ve downloaded an apartment floor plan from the internet

289
00:14:46.931 --> 00:14:50.181
Using this 2D floor plan as a reference

290
00:14:50.181 --> 00:14:52.081
we’ll proceed to build a 3D space

291
00:14:52.481 --> 00:14:54.431
We’ll match the approximate dimensions

292
00:14:54.431 --> 00:14:56.581
based on the measurements in the floor plan

293
00:14:56.581 --> 00:14:58.581
so it’s a good idea to keep the floor plan

294
00:14:58.581 --> 00:15:01.682
displayed next to your monitor and refer to it periodically

295
00:15:01.682 --> 00:15:03.482
I’ll also display it on a separate monitor

296
00:15:03.482 --> 00:15:06.932
and check it as needed

297
00:15:06.932 --> 00:15:08.532
while progressing

298
00:15:08.532 --> 00:15:10.682
I’ve created a new project

299
00:15:10.682 --> 00:15:14.532
and set up a basic level

300
00:15:14.532 --> 00:15:18.482
We’ll use this to create the apartment

301
00:15:18.482 --> 00:15:20.882
Click the plus button at the top

302
00:15:20.882 --> 00:15:24.532
to open the Place Actors Panel

303
00:15:24.532 --> 00:15:28.532
making it easier to select and place actors

304
00:15:28.532 --> 00:15:30.732
For this project

305
00:15:30.732 --> 00:15:33.932
we'll use the Geometry Brush actor

306
00:15:33.932 --> 00:15:36.582
It's slightly different from

307
00:15:36.582 --> 00:15:42.532
the cube-shaped objects found under the Shapes category

308
00:15:42.532 --> 00:15:45.482
If you look at the Geometry section

309
00:15:45.482 --> 00:15:47.232
you'll notice there's also a box available there

310
00:15:47.232 --> 00:15:52.532
Dragging and dropping this box into the viewport

311
00:15:52.532 --> 00:15:57.382
you'll see it differs from the white cube on the left

312
00:15:57.382 --> 00:15:59.232
The white cube on the left is a Static Mesh, which is a fixed object that cannot be altered

313
00:15:59.232 --> 00:16:01.282
In the Details panel

314
00:16:01.282 --> 00:16:03.932
you’ll see an entry for Static Mesh

315
00:16:03.932 --> 00:16:10.332
indicating that this object is static

316
00:16:10.332 --> 00:16:12.632
and unmodified

317
00:16:12.632 --> 00:16:16.482
While you can adjust its size using transforms

318
00:16:16.482 --> 00:16:18.482
such as Scale

319
00:16:18.482 --> 00:16:24.382
It is not actually flattening or thickening the cube

320
00:16:24.382 --> 00:16:26.332
and changing it's shape

321
00:16:26.332 --> 00:16:30.132
flattening or elongating the cube through Scale

322
00:16:30.132 --> 00:16:36.032
only distorts its spatial dimensions visually

323
00:16:36.032 --> 00:16:39.332
making it look flat

324
00:16:39.332 --> 00:16:44.032
The Mesh does not alter

325
00:16:44.032 --> 00:16:48.732
it is a fixed shape as a cube

326
00:16:48.732 --> 00:16:52.482
So this cube cannot be changed

327
00:16:52.482 --> 00:16:56.932
In contrast, the Geometry Brush

328
00:16:56.932 --> 00:17:00.232
allows actual shape transformations

329
00:17:00.232 --> 00:17:03.232
When selected, you'll notice blue vertices and orange edges connected to form faces, which appear as checkered polygon

330
00:17:03.232 --> 00:17:09.032
The blue parts are called vertices and the orange are called edges

331
00:17:09.032 --> 00:17:10.632
The corners are called edges

332
00:17:10.632 --> 00:17:12.082
They are presented as lines

333
00:17:12.082 --> 00:17:16.932
These edges connected to form faces

334
00:17:16.932 --> 00:17:19.832
which appear as checkered polygons

335
00:17:19.832 --> 00:17:23.532
These faces represent the individual

336
00:17:23.532 --> 00:17:26.182
surfaces of the geometry, also known as polygons

337
00:17:26.182 --> 00:17:30.783
In the Details panel, Geometry Brushes

338
00:17:30.783 --> 00:17:34.533
do not display the term Static Mesh

339
00:17:34.533 --> 00:17:36.883
Instead, they are categorized under Geometry

340
00:17:36.883 --> 00:17:41.283
indicating that they are modifiable

341
00:17:41.283 --> 00:17:43.733
Similarly, because this is data within the space

342
00:17:43.733 --> 00:17:47.483
you can compress and distort the space

343
00:17:47.483 --> 00:17:51.633
to shrink or stretch it

344
00:17:51.633 --> 00:17:56.883
just like with the white cube

345
00:17:58.083 --> 00:17:59.583
While this is possible

346
00:17:59.583 --> 00:18:05.233
the object itself is not actually transformed, it is merely distorted within the space

347
00:18:05.233 --> 00:18:07.233
If you look below

348
00:18:07.233 --> 00:18:11.983
in the Geometry Settings, the X value is set to 200

349
00:18:11.983 --> 00:18:15.833
which means 200 units

350
00:18:15.833 --> 00:18:20.883
equivalent to 200 cm in real-world measurements

351
00:18:20.883 --> 00:18:25.483
This shows that the current length

352
00:18:25.483 --> 00:18:28.033
along the X-axis is 200 cm

353
00:18:28.033 --> 00:18:31.783
If you reduce the X value by 100 units

354
00:18:31.783 --> 00:18:37.083
by 100 cm and input 100

355
00:18:37.083 --> 00:18:41.933
you'll see the red X-axis shorten accordingly

356
00:18:41.933 --> 00:18:46.383
At this point, if you set the X value

357
00:18:47.633 --> 00:18:52.283
back to 200 and scale the X-axis

358
00:18:52.283 --> 00:18:56.283
to 0.5

359
00:18:56.283 --> 00:18:59.283
you'll notice that the internal checkered pattern gets distorted

360
00:18:59.283 --> 00:19:03.733
making it appear flattened

361
00:19:03.733 --> 00:19:09.083
However, when you set the X value in Brush Settings to 100

362
00:19:09.083 --> 00:19:12.083
there is no distortion

363
00:19:12.083 --> 00:19:14.633
The internal squares remain undistorted

364
00:19:14.633 --> 00:19:18.433
In this undistorted state

365
00:19:18.433 --> 00:19:20.133
the shape is properly resized

366
00:19:20.133 --> 00:19:22.333
to 100 cm

367
00:19:22.333 --> 00:19:25.733
reflecting an actual transformation of the data

368
00:19:25.733 --> 00:19:28.133
So, using the Geometry Brush

369
00:19:28.133 --> 00:19:31.533
and adjusting the Brush Settings for X, Y, and Z

370
00:19:31.533 --> 00:19:34.783
you can create properly transformed shapes

371
00:19:35.683 --> 00:19:39.484
This results in a truly transformed shape

372
00:19:39.484 --> 00:19:43.284
rather than one distorted

373
00:19:43.284 --> 00:19:46.234
 by spatial compression

374
00:19:46.234 --> 00:19:50.084
Therefore, we will use the Geometry Brush for our work

375
00:19:50.084 --> 00:19:51.734
First, let’s delete all the objects we’ve placed

376
00:19:52.284 --> 00:19:55.634
including the Floor object

377
00:19:55.634 --> 00:19:58.734
which is also a Static Mesh

378
00:19:58.734 --> 00:20:00.284
Since it is a Static Mesh

379
00:20:00.284 --> 00:20:03.184
we don’t need it and will remove it

380
00:20:03.934 --> 00:20:05.584
Let’s start by creating the floor

381
00:20:05.584 --> 00:20:07.334
Looking at the apartment floor plan

382
00:20:07.334 --> 00:20:09.834
you can see the horizontal and vertical dimensions

383
00:20:09.834 --> 00:20:11.884
The width is 13,200

384
00:20:11.884 --> 00:20:15.084
and the height is 4,500

385
00:20:15.084 --> 00:20:19.284
Floor plans are generally measured in millimeters

386
00:20:19.284 --> 00:20:21.434
As mentioned earlier, in Unreal Engine

387
00:20:21.434 --> 00:20:25.084
1 unit equals 1 cm

388
00:20:25.084 --> 00:20:29.234
So, instead of 13,200

389
00:20:29.234 --> 00:20:33.284
you can use 1,320 when building it in Unreal

390
00:20:33.284 --> 00:20:36.084
Keep this rule in mind

391
00:20:36.084 --> 00:20:38.484
as we start creating the floor

392
00:20:38.484 --> 00:20:44.134
Let’s start by creating a floor with dimensions of 1320 x 450

393
00:20:44.884 --> 00:20:47.834
Drag and drop the Box from the Geometry section

394
00:20:47.834 --> 00:20:50.134
of the Place Actors panel

395
00:20:50.134 --> 00:20:53.584
Place it at the origin for proper alignment

396
00:20:53.584 --> 00:20:58.734
In the Brush Settings for X, Y, and Z

397
00:20:58.734 --> 00:21:02.084
let’s orient the gizmo so that

398
00:21:02.084 --> 00:21:06.434
the red X-axis points forward

399
00:21:06.434 --> 00:21:08.934
The green Y-axis should point to the right

400
00:21:08.934 --> 00:21:12.834
and the blue Z-axis should point upward

401
00:21:12.834 --> 00:21:16.284
In Unreal Engine, the red arrow is designated as Forward

402
00:21:16.284 --> 00:21:19.934
the green arrow (Y-axis) as Right

403
00:21:19.934 --> 00:21:25.634
and the blue arrow (Z-axis) as Up

404
00:21:25.634 --> 00:21:27.584
By setting the gizmo this way

405
00:21:27.584 --> 00:21:31.134
you’ll have the correct orientation

406
00:21:31.134 --> 00:21:32.584
From this state

407
00:21:32.584 --> 00:21:37.584
we will extend the Y-axis to 1,320

408
00:21:37.584 --> 00:21:43.634
and the X-axis to 450

409
00:21:43.634 --> 00:21:50.384
First, set the Y-axis to 1,320

410
00:21:50.384 --> 00:21:56.935
and the X-axis to 450

411
00:21:56.935 --> 00:22:01.485
he floor looks too thick, so let’s thin it out

412
00:22:01.485 --> 00:22:07.035
Set the Z-axis to 10 cm

413
00:22:08.485 --> 00:22:11.535
Rename this actor to Ground

414
00:22:11.535 --> 00:22:15.135
and the floor is complete

415
00:22:15.135 --> 00:22:19.885
Now, let’s proceed from left to right, starting with the hallway and the bedroom

416
00:22:19.885 --> 00:22:25.285
We’ll ignore elements like the sink in the entrance area

417
00:22:25.285 --> 00:22:27.935
We’ll also skip the utility rooms

418
00:22:27.935 --> 00:22:32.885
and focus on the bedroom, bathroom, master bedroom, and up to the balcony

419
00:22:32.885 --> 00:22:34.485
Let’s exclude the balcony here

420
00:22:34.485 --> 00:22:37.935
and proceed systematically

421
00:22:37.935 --> 00:22:41.885
from the left

422
00:22:41.885 --> 00:22:45.285
Let’s start by creating the wall on the left

423
00:22:48.635 --> 00:22:54.835
As before, we’ll use a box to create it

424
00:22:54.835 --> 00:23:01.135
The size is similar, so set the X-axis to 450

425
00:23:05.535 --> 00:23:08.535
Just like the floor

426
00:23:08.535 --> 00:23:10.785
set the wall thickness to 10 cm

427
00:23:10.785 --> 00:23:14.935
Set the Y-axis to 10

428
00:23:14.935 --> 00:23:19.335
Based on an average human height

429
00:23:19.335 --> 00:23:22.485
of 1.5 to 2 meters

430
00:23:22.485 --> 00:23:26.385
let’s set the height to approximately 2 meters

431
00:23:26.385 --> 00:23:29.885
Set the Z-axis to 200

432
00:23:29.885 --> 00:23:32.035
Place it in position

433
00:23:32.035 --> 00:23:36.485
Snapping is active, so it should snap into place

434
00:23:36.485 --> 00:23:40.785
but you can see it doesn’t align properly

435
00:23:40.785 --> 00:23:44.335
In such cases, adjust the grid size

436
00:23:44.335 --> 00:23:47.735
from the grid icon at the top

437
00:23:47.735 --> 00:23:52.585
Currently, it is set to move in increments of 10 units

438
00:23:52.585 --> 00:23:56.335
Reduce it to 5 units

439
00:23:56.335 --> 00:23:57.985
so the movement is more precise

440
00:23:57.985 --> 00:24:04.535
With finer increments

441
00:24:04.535 --> 00:24:09.735
snapping becomes more accurate, that looks good now

442
00:24:09.735 --> 00:24:14.736
here is a hallway in the center, and its width is 150 units

443
00:24:14.736 --> 00:24:17.186
Now, we’ll move this by the specified amount

444
00:24:17.186 --> 00:24:20.236
First, let’s assign a name to this wall

445
00:24:20.236 --> 00:24:28.836
Name the wall Hallway01

446
00:24:29.336 --> 00:24:33.286
Copy Hallway01 and use it to create the wall

447
00:24:33.286 --> 00:24:37.736
where the right-side bedroom begins

448
00:24:37.736 --> 00:24:39.736
To copy an object

449
00:24:39.736 --> 00:24:44.886
you can use Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V

450
00:24:44.886 --> 00:24:51.086
Alternatively, you can duplicate it using Ctrl + D

451
00:24:51.086 --> 00:24:54.336
Holding the Alt key while moving an object

452
00:24:54.336 --> 00:24:57.836
creates a duplicate that moves along with it

453
00:24:57.836 --> 00:25:02.086
It’s convenient, isn’t it? Let’s use this method for moving the object

454
00:25:04.336 --> 00:25:07.536
By default, the duplicated object gets a 2 appended to its name

455
00:25:07.536 --> 00:25:11.886
but let’s rename it to 01 and 02 for consistency

456
00:25:11.886 --> 00:25:14.536
Currently, the gap between the two objects is 1,500

457
00:25:14.536 --> 00:25:18.486
so I’m not sure if it moved exactly 150 units

458
00:25:18.486 --> 00:25:22.786
We need to check the position value of Hallway01

459
00:25:22.786 --> 00:25:25.586
Since we’re looking at the Y-axis

460
00:25:25.586 --> 00:25:29.036
it’s currently set to -655

461
00:25:29.036 --> 00:25:32.236
Moving it 150 units to the right will suffice

462
00:25:32.236 --> 00:25:42.686
Thus, Hallway02 will be at -505

463
00:25:44.136 --> 00:25:50.286
The space will now be expanded by that amount

464
00:25:50.286 --> 00:25:52.286
Shall we move on to the bedroom?

465
00:25:52.286 --> 00:25:53.686
Since the bedroom has walls

466
00:25:53.686 --> 00:25:57.336
let’s add one here

467
00:25:57.336 --> 00:26:00.736
It’s the same process: adjust the X and Y axes

468
00:26:00.736 --> 00:26:04.586
according to the dimensions on the floor plan

469
00:26:04.586 --> 00:26:08.636
Set the thickness on the X-axis to 10

470
00:26:08.636 --> 00:26:14.586
For the width on the Y-axis, set it to 270

471
00:26:14.586 --> 00:26:20.486
Move it into position, and it should fit

472
00:26:20.486 --> 00:26:22.136
Let’s rename it

473
00:26:22.136 --> 00:26:27.936
Let's name it SmallRoom

474
00:26:27.936 --> 00:26:31.486
Use a naming convention like SmallRoom01

475
00:26:31.486 --> 00:26:35.187
Let’s create the wall here as well

476
00:26:35.187 --> 00:26:37.887
For this wall

477
00:26:37.887 --> 00:26:39.987
it would be efficient to duplicate the Hallway2 wall

478
00:26:39.987 --> 00:26:44.937
Hold the Alt key and duplicate the wall

479
00:26:44.937 --> 00:26:47.887
Then, simply adjust the length along the X-axis

480
00:26:47.887 --> 00:26:50.387
Since the floor plan does not specify the length

481
00:26:50.387 --> 00:26:53.437
we’ll assign an approximate value

482
00:26:53.437 --> 00:26:56.837
Let’s set it to 250 instead of 450

483
00:26:56.837 --> 00:26:59.937
Place it in position like this

484
00:26:59.937 --> 00:27:07.787
Name this actor SmallRoom02

485
00:27:09.937 --> 00:27:15.087
For the inner part of the bedroom

486
00:27:15.087 --> 00:27:18.787
duplicating the SmallRoom01 actor

487
00:27:20.737 --> 00:27:25.037
will solve it quickly, snap it into place precisely

488
00:27:25.037 --> 00:27:31.787
Rename it SmallRoom03, easy, right?

489
00:27:34.187 --> 00:27:39.887
Let’s create the kitchen

490
00:27:39.887 --> 00:27:43.037
The kitchen wall spans 2,200 units, so let’s build it

491
00:27:43.037 --> 00:27:44.937
Duplicate the wall and adjust its position

492
00:27:44.937 --> 00:27:50.187
by 220 units along the Y-axis

493
00:27:50.187 --> 00:27:53.537
Name it Kitchen

494
00:27:53.537 --> 00:27:58.437
specifically Kitchen01

495
00:27:58.437 --> 00:28:02.887
Place it to block the appropriate section

496
00:28:03.787 --> 00:28:06.737
Shall we extend this part as well?

497
00:28:06.737 --> 00:28:10.387
The length will be determined by the WashRoom above it

498
00:28:10.387 --> 00:28:13.937
so let’s construct the bathroom first

499
00:28:13.937 --> 00:28:16.037
Shall we build the bathroom before proceeding?

500
00:28:16.037 --> 00:28:20.837
Duplicate the existing wall

501
00:28:20.837 --> 00:28:25.187
and name it WashRoom

502
00:28:28.537 --> 00:28:33.837
This wall is 200 units long, which is relatively short

503
00:28:33.837 --> 00:28:35.337
Let’s set it to this length

504
00:28:35.337 --> 00:28:40.137
Next, let’s create the vertical wall for the WashRoom

505
00:28:40.137 --> 00:28:43.337
Drag and drop to position it appropriately

506
00:28:45.137 --> 00:28:50.587
Since the X-axis length isn’t specified

507
00:28:50.587 --> 00:28:55.088
we’ll approximate it as well

508
00:28:55.088 --> 00:28:58.888
Let’s set the X-axis length to around 150

509
00:28:58.888 --> 00:29:02.038
Actually, let’s make it 180 and set the wall thickness

510
00:29:02.988 --> 00:29:09.888
along the Y-axis to 10 units

511
00:29:09.888 --> 00:29:11.888
Adjust it accordingly

512
00:29:11.888 --> 00:29:21.688
Next, extend it slightly to align with this end

513
00:29:21.688 --> 00:29:24.938
If it’s confusing, move it slightly out of the way

514
00:29:25.788 --> 00:29:30.938
snap it into place, and then bring it back
That should align correctly

515
00:29:35.638 --> 00:29:47.388
Rename this one WashRoom02 for consistency

516
00:29:47.388 --> 00:29:51.238
Since there is a wall here

517
00:29:51.238 --> 00:29:54.638
Copy Washroom01 and bring it here

518
00:29:54.638 --> 00:29:59.338
This makes it quick and easy

519
00:30:01.738 --> 00:30:07.288
Let’s create it and name it WashRoom03

520
00:30:09.438 --> 00:30:13.138
To connect the wall as one continuous piece

521
00:30:13.138 --> 00:30:17.088
duplicate the wall from the hallway on the left

522
00:30:17.088 --> 00:30:20.488
and position it here

523
00:30:20.488 --> 00:30:23.588
Problem solved—simple, isn’t it?

524
00:30:24.688 --> 00:30:29.438
Now, this will determine the length here
Let’s create it

525
00:30:29.438 --> 00:30:31.688
Drag in a box

526
00:30:33.988 --> 00:30:40.738
and set the X-axis thickness to 10 units

527
00:30:40.738 --> 00:30:44.388
Move it into position and set the height to 2 meters

528
00:30:44.388 --> 00:30:50.438
Based on calculations, the Y-axis should be approximately 670 units

529
00:30:50.438 --> 00:30:54.738
Let’s try 670

530
00:30:55.838 --> 00:30:59.238
It doesn’t align perfectly

531
00:30:59.238 --> 00:31:02.188
It seems the central wall

532
00:31:02.188 --> 00:31:05.488
is causing slight misalignment

533
00:31:06.838 --> 00:31:13.289
690 doesn’t align perfectly either

534
00:31:13.289 --> 00:31:22.839
Let’s try 700, perfect fit

535
00:31:23.689 --> 00:31:28.339
It seems this wall is positioned in the center

536
00:31:29.739 --> 00:31:33.989
Done, then shall we move on to the bedroom?

537
00:31:33.989 --> 00:31:38.989
For the bedroom, drag and drop a box into the scene

538
00:31:39.839 --> 00:31:45.239
The X-axis represents the wall thickness, so set it to 10 units

539
00:31:45.239 --> 00:31:50.139
The Y-axis for the master bedroom is 330 units

540
00:31:52.289 --> 00:31:56.589
Move and reposition the object

541
00:31:59.689 --> 00:32:01.989
Let’s rename it as well

542
00:32:01.989 --> 00:32:08.739
Since this is the master bedroom, name it BigRoom01

543
00:32:08.739 --> 00:32:13.439
It seems the name for the object below hasn’t been assigned yet

544
00:32:13.439 --> 00:32:15.789
This one is part of the kitchen, right?

545
00:32:15.789 --> 00:32:28.539
Let’s name it Kitchen02

546
00:32:31.539 --> 00:32:33.789
This isn’t part of the hallway

547
00:32:33.789 --> 00:32:38.139
let’s include it as part of the master bedroom

548
00:32:40.439 --> 00:32:52.139
Name it BigRoom02 to match the naming convention of 01 and 02

549
00:32:54.789 --> 00:32:57.389
Duplicate BigRoom02

550
00:32:57.389 --> 00:33:02.939
using the Alt key

551
00:33:02.939 --> 00:33:06.039
Snap it into position to complete the right wall

552
00:33:06.039 --> 00:33:10.989
Similarly, duplicate BigRoom01

553
00:33:10.989 --> 00:33:12.689
and position it

554
00:33:12.689 --> 00:33:16.289
to close the bottom wall

555
00:33:16.289 --> 00:33:25.089
It would be good to rename them for clarity, such as 04 and 03

556
00:33:25.089 --> 00:33:27.890
Lastly, we have the balcony to create

557
00:33:27.890 --> 00:33:31.890
Let’s work on the balcony

558
00:33:31.890 --> 00:33:34.940
Drag in a box and use it to create the upper wall for the balcony

559
00:33:34.940 --> 00:33:40.290
Set the X-axis thickness to 10 units

560
00:33:40.290 --> 00:33:47.890
The horizontal length is 1,500, so set the Y-axis to 150 units

561
00:33:54.940 --> 00:33:58.140
Adjusting it like this should align well enough, right?

562
00:33:58.140 --> 00:33:59.640
Let’s rename it

563
00:33:59.640 --> 00:34:03.540
Select the renamed actor and duplicate it

564
00:34:03.540 --> 00:34:08.790
Hold the Alt key to duplicate it

565
00:34:08.790 --> 00:34:13.690
Place it this way, and it marks the bottom area

566
00:34:13.690 --> 00:34:16.890
Name it Balcony02

567
00:34:16.890 --> 00:34:21.140
Now we just need to align the outer edges

568
00:34:21.140 --> 00:34:27.440
Copy one of the master bedroom walls to fill in the gap

569
00:34:27.440 --> 00:34:28.790
Just rename it after positioning it

570
00:34:28.790 --> 00:34:36.740
Name it Balcony03, and that should do it

571
00:34:36.740 --> 00:34:40.090
After building this

572
00:34:40.090 --> 00:34:44.140
I noticed a small gap at the bottom

573
00:34:44.140 --> 00:34:47.340
caused by minor errors during the process

574
00:34:47.340 --> 00:34:49.290
To address this gap

575
00:34:49.290 --> 00:34:51.890
select the Ground Actor

576
00:34:51.890 --> 00:34:53.690
It seems to be a bug

577
00:34:53.690 --> 00:34:57.940
Closing the Surface Properties causes it to appear below

578
00:34:57.940 --> 00:35:03.790
You could adjust the XYZ values in Brush Settings

579
00:35:03.790 --> 00:35:06.290
but the calculations can be too complex

580
00:35:06.290 --> 00:35:08.090
How much should you input

581
00:35:08.090 --> 00:35:10.490
to extend the Y-axis just enough to fix it?

582
00:35:10.490 --> 00:35:12.290
It might get a bit confusing

583
00:35:12.290 --> 00:35:14.390
Fortunately, with Geometry

584
00:35:14.390 --> 00:35:16.940
you can input values directly

585
00:35:16.940 --> 00:35:21.040
or manually adjust the shape

586
00:35:21.040 --> 00:35:25.090
using specific tools

587
00:35:25.090 --> 00:35:27.040
How do you do this? Select the object you want to modify

588
00:35:27.040 --> 00:35:30.190
Change the Selection Mode

589
00:35:30.190 --> 00:35:33.440
on the left to Brush Editing Mode

590
00:35:33.440 --> 00:35:36.340
Brush Editing Mode is

591
00:35:36.340 --> 00:35:39.090
a mode designed specifically

592
00:35:39.090 --> 00:35:40.790
to edit Geometry Brushes

593
00:35:40.790 --> 00:35:44.590
You’re now in the editing workspace

594
00:35:44.590 --> 00:35:48.290
for the selected Geometry Brush Actor

595
00:35:48.290 --> 00:35:52.341
On the left, you’ll see several options

596
00:35:52.341 --> 00:35:54.841
These options are part of

597
00:35:54.841 --> 00:35:57.641
the Brush Editing panel

598
00:35:57.641 --> 00:36:00.791
Use these options to modify the actor’s shape

599
00:36:00.791 --> 00:36:03.291
You’ll notice the appearance changes slightly

600
00:36:03.291 --> 00:36:05.291
The selected actor turns blue

601
00:36:05.291 --> 00:36:09.391
You can see edges referred to as vertices

602
00:36:09.391 --> 00:36:11.941
lines called edges

603
00:36:11.941 --> 00:36:15.641
and surfaces known as faces or polygons

604
00:36:15.641 --> 00:36:17.691
You can select them individually in this manner

605
00:36:17.691 --> 00:36:20.341
Depending on your selection

606
00:36:20.341 --> 00:36:22.341
the menu options will activate

607
00:36:22.341 --> 00:36:27.341
Simply put, if you just want to extend this face to a certain point

608
00:36:27.341 --> 00:36:28.591
that’s exactly what you can do here

609
00:36:28.591 --> 00:36:32.141
Select the face you want

610
00:36:32.141 --> 00:36:35.441
and move it to adjust

611
00:36:35.441 --> 00:36:39.941
This allows you to move the face independently

612
00:36:39.941 --> 00:36:42.141
resulting in a stretched

613
00:36:42.141 --> 00:36:45.191
or elongated shape

614
00:36:45.191 --> 00:36:48.291
There are features like Extrude, Split

615
00:36:48.291 --> 00:36:49.741
and many others available

616
00:36:49.741 --> 00:36:53.491
Using these features effectively will require some practice

617
00:36:53.491 --> 00:36:57.491
Practicing the creation of complex shapes is typically done

618
00:36:57.491 --> 00:36:59.491
in external tools like

619
00:36:59.491 --> 00:37:01.241
Blender, 3D MAX, or MAYA

620
00:37:01.241 --> 00:37:05.041
So, there’s no need to master such techniques here

621
00:37:05.041 --> 00:37:08.291
What we want is to perform simple tasks

622
00:37:08.291 --> 00:37:10.891
like moving faces

623
00:37:10.891 --> 00:37:12.641
or slightly adjusting vertices

624
00:37:12.641 --> 00:37:14.941
Just basic operations

625
00:37:14.941 --> 00:37:18.041
But it’s good for you to know these basics

626
00:37:18.041 --> 00:37:19.141
We’ll conclude with a simple process

627
00:37:19.141 --> 00:37:22.441
of selecting and moving faces

628
00:37:22.441 --> 00:37:27.791
Change the mode back from Brush Editing Mode

629
00:37:28.841 --> 00:37:31.691
to Selection Mode to exit the editing workspace

630
00:37:31.691 --> 00:37:34.141
The geometry reverts to its original appearance and to it's grey color

631
00:37:34.141 --> 00:37:38.941
Now, you can see the gap has been filled properly

632
00:37:38.941 --> 00:37:42.041
Finally, let’s create some openings

633
00:37:42.041 --> 00:37:46.841
The Geometry Brush allows you to create holes in a mesh

634
00:37:46.841 --> 00:37:48.891
Using this feature

635
00:37:48.891 --> 00:37:55.641
we’ll create the front door, room doors, and balcony doors

636
00:37:55.991 --> 00:37:57.991
Let’s start with the front door

637
00:37:57.991 --> 00:37:59.891
To create the front door

638
00:37:59.891 --> 00:38:03.741
first, bring in a box

639
00:38:03.741 --> 00:38:09.442
Adjust the size of the box to match the desired dimensions for the hole

640
00:38:10.092 --> 00:38:15.342
Think of this box as a tool for creating the hole

641
00:38:15.342 --> 00:38:19.442
Set the X-axis width to 90 units

642
00:38:19.442 --> 00:38:21.092
enough for a person to pass through

643
00:38:21.092 --> 00:38:24.042
The height should be slightly less than 2 meters

644
00:38:24.042 --> 00:38:26.542
Let’s set it to 180 units

645
00:38:26.542 --> 00:38:29.042
Adjust it accordingly

646
00:38:29.042 --> 00:38:33.142
The thickness should be just enough to pierce the wall

647
00:38:33.142 --> 00:38:36.842
Let’s reduce it from 2 meters to 50 units

648
00:38:36.842 --> 00:38:42.392
After creating a thin box

649
00:38:42.392 --> 00:38:46.592
position it where the hole should be made

650
00:38:49.242 --> 00:38:51.342
Once it’s positioned

651
00:38:51.342 --> 00:38:54.742
we’ll modify the Geometry Brush setting

652
00:38:54.742 --> 00:38:59.442
Scroll down in the Details Panel

653
00:39:01.142 --> 00:39:04.242
to find the Brush Type section

654
00:39:04.242 --> 00:39:05.792
It’s currently set to Additive

655
00:39:05.792 --> 00:39:09.842
Change it to Subtractive

656
00:39:09.842 --> 00:39:12.142
This makes the box transparent

657
00:39:12.142 --> 00:39:15.292
 and creates a hole in the overlapping object

658
00:39:15.292 --> 00:39:17.692
making it appear as if it’s pierced

659
00:39:17.692 --> 00:39:21.442
Now the front door opening is complete

660
00:39:22.142 --> 00:39:25.292
Moving the box will adjust

661
00:39:25.292 --> 00:39:27.692
the hole’s position accordingly

662
00:39:27.692 --> 00:39:30.692
So, place it

663
00:39:30.692 --> 00:39:33.392
in your desired location

664
00:39:33.392 --> 00:39:37.342
Using the same method, place another box here

665
00:39:37.342 --> 00:39:41.442
and set its Brush Type to Subtractive

666
00:39:42.242 --> 00:39:45.242
I’ll duplicate the box

667
00:39:45.242 --> 00:39:51.192
rotate the duplicate by 90 degrees, and move it

668
00:39:54.642 --> 00:39:58.842
This quickly creates a door for the small room

669
00:39:59.892 --> 00:40:01.742
Duplicate it again

670
00:40:04.592 --> 00:40:09.892
to create the bathroom door

671
00:40:09.892 --> 00:40:11.792
Shall we do the same for the bedroom?

672
00:40:11.792 --> 00:40:15.442
Duplicate it again and rotate it for the bedroom door

673
00:40:15.442 --> 00:40:24.793
Rotate it like this to create the entrance to the bedroom

674
00:40:24.793 --> 00:40:27.743
Place it appropriately

675
00:40:27.743 --> 00:40:35.593
Duplicate it again and extend it slightly

676
00:40:35.593 --> 00:40:41.393
setting the X-axis to about 400 units

677
00:40:41.393 --> 00:40:46.643
This creates a large opening

678
00:40:46.643 --> 00:40:49.693
It’s too big, so let’s reduce it to 350 units

679
00:40:50.343 --> 00:40:54.543
This creates a large window

680
00:40:54.543 --> 00:41:00.193
connecting the master bedroom and the balcony

681
00:41:00.193 --> 00:41:04.643
Move it similarly

682
00:41:04.643 --> 00:41:08.893
and it creates the opening for the veranda

683
00:41:08.893 --> 00:41:12.543
The veranda might have a small threshold, so let’s move it slightly upward

684
00:41:12.543 --> 00:41:14.843
Reduce the height slightly

685
00:41:14.843 --> 00:41:18.093
to about 150 units

686
00:41:23.493 --> 00:41:29.093
for a more interesting shape

687
00:41:29.093 --> 00:41:32.393
While the apartment floor plan doesn’t show this

688
00:41:32.393 --> 00:41:36.743
you can use the same technique to create windows

689
00:41:36.743 --> 00:41:40.043
Select this object and duplicate it

690
00:41:40.043 --> 00:41:41.943
Duplicate it backward

691
00:41:45.493 --> 00:41:47.643
 and adjust its size

692
00:41:48.543 --> 00:41:53.143
Reduce the height significantly, perhaps to about 100 units

693
00:41:53.143 --> 00:41:58.243
Adjust the Y-axis to about 100 units

694
00:41:58.243 --> 00:42:04.493
Or make it a bit wider, say 150 units

695
00:42:06.243 --> 00:42:10.393
I mistakenly thought I was adjusting the Y-axis

696
00:42:10.393 --> 00:42:12.843
but it turns out I increased the X-axis

697
00:42:12.843 --> 00:42:16.243
This happened because I rotated

698
00:42:16.243 --> 00:42:18.543
the Brush Actor that was originally

699
00:42:18.543 --> 00:42:20.843
created for the front door

700
00:42:20.843 --> 00:42:23.943
As a result

701
00:42:23.943 --> 00:42:29.293
the reference axis of the object has shifted

702
00:42:29.293 --> 00:42:31.693
At the top

703
00:42:31.693 --> 00:42:34.243
change the gizmo orientation to Local

704
00:42:34.243 --> 00:42:36.893
Switch it from World to Local

705
00:42:36.893 --> 00:42:39.343
and you’ll see the rotated orientation of the object

706
00:42:39.343 --> 00:42:44.544
The object’s X-axis and Y-axis directions have rotated

707
00:42:44.544 --> 00:42:47.594
causing them to misalign

708
00:42:47.594 --> 00:42:50.794
Since the Brush Settings align

709
00:42:50.794 --> 00:42:54.644
with the Local orientation

710
00:42:54.644 --> 00:42:57.694
increasing the Y-axis by 150 extends the object

711
00:42:57.694 --> 00:43:02.494
in this specific direction

712
00:43:02.494 --> 00:43:03.894
To correct this

713
00:43:03.894 --> 00:43:07.244
change the top setting from World to Local

714
00:43:07.244 --> 00:43:09.944
to ensure the X, Y, Z axes are represented accurately

715
00:43:09.944 --> 00:43:13.144
Instead of setting Y to 150

716
00:43:13.144 --> 00:43:15.394
 it should be X = 150

717
00:43:16.794 --> 00:43:23.494
Adjust it this way to create the window

718
00:43:24.594 --> 00:43:27.094
Let’s add a window to the master bedroom as well

719
00:43:27.094 --> 00:43:29.894
Duplicate the object

720
00:43:29.894 --> 00:43:32.594
and position it in the master bedroom

721
00:43:32.994 --> 00:43:34.894
Shall we make the master bedroom window larger?

722
00:43:34.894 --> 00:43:37.694
Let’s set X to about 200 for a bold look

723
00:43:37.694 --> 00:43:43.694
Place a large window like this

724
00:43:44.494 --> 00:43:46.944
Now we have a completed apartment

725
00:43:46.944 --> 00:43:51.144
with appropriately placed windows

726
00:43:51.144 --> 00:43:54.194
That completes the work so far
Let’s save it first

727
00:43:54.194 --> 00:43:57.644
We don’t want to lose progress, so save it before moving on

728
00:43:57.644 --> 00:44:02.444
Click Save Current Level As from the File menu

729
00:44:02.444 --> 00:44:05.694
and save it within the Content Folder

730
00:44:05.694 --> 00:44:08.594
of the project

731
00:44:08.594 --> 00:44:11.094
Create a new folder by clicking New Folder

732
00:44:11.094 --> 00:44:15.744
and name it Level

733
00:44:15.744 --> 00:44:18.944
Create the folder named Level

734
00:44:18.944 --> 00:44:20.344
and assign a name to the file

735
00:44:20.344 --> 00:44:26.044
Since we’re building an apartment, name it Apartment

736
00:44:26.044 --> 00:44:28.894
Click Save, and this will store the file

737
00:44:28.894 --> 00:44:31.944
within the Content Folder of the project

738
00:44:31.944 --> 00:44:36.044
The file is now saved as a Level Asset

739
00:44:36.044 --> 00:44:39.494
inside the Level Folder

740
00:44:39.494 --> 00:44:45.044
Ensure that the level asset is always saved

741
00:44:45.044 --> 00:44:46.694
within the project folder

742
00:44:46.694 --> 00:44:50.344
Let’s summarize what we learned in this session

743
00:44:50.644 --> 00:44:51.294
Unreal engine and graphic

744
00:44:51.294 --> 00:44:51.894
Basic Elements of a Graphics Engine

745
00:44:51.894 --> 00:44:52.544
Animation: Various movements of characters and objects

746
00:44:52.544 --> 00:44:53.144
UI: Displays information and movements of objects for user recognition

747
00:44:53.144 --> 00:44:53.794
Level: Spatial design including terrain elevations
Rendering: The process of drawing what the camera captures onto the screen

748
00:44:53.794 --> 00:44:54.394
Postproduction: Editing and refining rendered shots

749
00:44:54.394 --> 00:44:54.994
Rendering
Real-time rendering: A method where the camera instantly draws images on the monitor

750
00:44:54.994 --> 00:44:55.594
Non-real-time rendering: A method where the camera pre-renders images regardless of time and displays them later

751
00:44:55.594 --> 00:44:56.394
White Boxing

752
00:44:56.394 --> 00:44:57.244
White Boxing Tools

753
00:44:57.244 --> 00:44:58.094
White Box: Temporary data created for quick validation and revisions during the early stages of content creation

754
00:44:58.094 --> 00:44:58.894
Place Actors Panel: A menu for conveniently selecting and using actors

755
00:44:58.894 --> 00:44:59.744
Geometry: The process of modifying the actual data of an object to change its shape and freely edit it

756
00:44:59.744 --> 00:45:00.595
Brush Editing Mode: A mode for editing Geometry Brush Actors