WEBVTT

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Hello, I'm Byungsun Jeon, the Unreal Production Team leader of WESTWORLD

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Nice to meet you

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Today, I'm going to tell you about how to make

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cinematic videos in Unreal

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For this lecture, I'll introduce and explain the content first

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then we'll review the content through the computer screen

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Selecting and setting up the project for cinematics

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We'll learn about project setting, the first learning objective

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First, execute Unreal in the Unreal Launcher

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and in the first window that pops up

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select FILM/VIDEO&LIVE EVENTS

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And this is the first item that appears

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This project is a blank file

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but the plug-ins and project settings needed for cinematics

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is basically activated in this item

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Second is for Virtual Production

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The needed plug-ins, project settings, and

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sources are provided in this project

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Third, the lights used in the DMX stage setting

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are the basic set-up of this project

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Fourth, INCamera-VFX is a LED wall

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where Unreal Environments can be projected, and this project contains the settings for it

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Fifth is the nDisplay project

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It's a project with settings that can perform multi display

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If an ICVX movie is filmed through Unreal

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it would usually start with this project

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When creating a project, the basic sources and mesh effects that Unreal provides

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can be decided to be included or not in this checklist

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For Raytracing, it says it in the name

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It's a checkbox for whether you want to use Raytracing

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For Raytracing, it may be too heavy unless it's a high-performance computer

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So the performance of your computer

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should be checked first, before selecting the option

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Now, after selecting the project that you want to make

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and execute the project, in the first screen

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you need to check the project settings first

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For the project setting window, go to the top bar

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and select Edit -> Project Settings

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Search Rendering in the search box

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and look for the Global Illumination and the Reflections option

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Then change the settings from Lumen to None

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Then, go to the Hardware Ray Tracing part

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and check the box for Ray Tracing

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When the Ray Tracing option is checked during the project creation

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this function is basically activated

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Starting from Unreal version 5, Lumen is the basic setting

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but we change it because

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I will be explaining about Cinematic Lighting

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And when you work on projects later

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depending on the project setting values

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there may be errors

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So recording the functions that you changed

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will be helpful for problem solving in other projects

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Now let's look at the computer screen

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As I explained

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select the FILM/VIDEO section

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And you can see that five options appear

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Here, we're going to select the Blank option

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then select Starter Content and Raytracing

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Choose the location and name of the project

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and hit Create

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In the top menu of the project

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Go to Edit->Project Settings

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Look for the Rendering tab

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and find the Global Illumination and Reflection options

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As you can see that it's in Lumen, we'll change it to None

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Lighting techniques and settings for cinematics

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Now I'll explain to you about cinematic lighting

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Before beginning

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I'll touch upon the importance of shadows

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The world we see always has shadows

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A world without shadows doesn't exist

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As you can see in the screen, on the object that we view

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if there's no shadow, it will look very awkward

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This goes the same for cinematic lighting

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The way the shadows are expressed through lighting

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decides the quality of the cinematic

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For setting up these lightings

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in Unreal, as you can see here

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Directional Light, Point Light, Rect Light, Spot Light

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are the four basic types of methods that they provide

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The importance part here is that in each light

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the size of the light source can be adjusted

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I took Spot Light as an example

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In the detail panel window of Spot Light

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when the parameter source radius value is changed

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you can see that the shadow becomes very soft

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From here, let's take a look at the computer screen

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To test it out for you first

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I prepared this level

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As you can see here

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I'm using Spot Light

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There's the Source Radius of Spot Light

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When this value is adjusted

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The shadow becomes gradually softer like this

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What do softer shadows mean?

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In the real environment, other than shadows formed by the sun

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most of the shadows are not clear

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Same thing for the 3D environment, for cinematics

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the shadows have to be soft

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in order to create a virtual environment that resembles the real environment

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Therefore, for the size of the light source that Unreal provides

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never use the basic value

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Now we arranged the light to make luminance

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and we also made shadow

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But we still have something missing

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Isn't the shadow too black?

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We need to do something about the color of the shadow

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Now let's talk about ways to change this

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Actual light gets reflected from an object

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The reflected light is called indirect light

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The reflected light, of course, hits the shadow as well

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So shadows can never be completely black

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The 4 basic light sources can express direct light

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And in Unreal, there's something called Sky Light

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This actor is the one that expresses indirect light

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This is when the Sky Light is there and when it isn't there

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As you can see, the colors of the shadows

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are clearly different

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By applying Sky Light to only shadows

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it's difficult to check how it's being applied

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So a way to check this is Chrome Ball

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This actor can be created with material

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In the material search window, search for Chrome

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and the corresponding material will appear

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Then, as it's applied in the image right now

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you can check the image of Sky Light

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In the Detail panel window

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go to advanced, and uncheck Lower Hemisphere is Solid color

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and the Sky Light image appearing on the Chrome Ball

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will be changed

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This function can only be used when the Sky Light is a movable type

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and when you look at the sphere next to the Chrome Ball

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you can see that the ground part is slightly different

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I'll show you this myself, through the computer screen

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I prepared a Sky Light level in advance

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As you can see, Chrome material is applied on the sphere mesh

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and Sky Light is Movable

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And when you look at the Solid Color here

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you can see that it changes like this

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Now you probably know how Sky Light works

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There's another function here

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You can apply an HDRI image on the Sky Light

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What this HDRI is, is that

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realistic indirect light sources for producing 3D environments

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can be used through this image

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This source image has a wide spectrum

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so it has a function that can make the indirect light expression more abundant

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There's a website that provides HDRI images for free

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When you access the corresponding website, there's the HDRI tab

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and there, you can see images made in different versions

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When you download the images

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they will be downloaded in the .hdr format

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and you can bring it in by simply dragging this file into the Unreal content browser window

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This is how to apply the HDRI image on the Sky Light

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In Sky Light, change the Source Type to SLS Cubemap

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and in the activated Cubemap below

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insert the downloaded HDRI image by dragging

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or select it through search

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and you will be able to use the corresponding image

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Let's take a look at the computer screen

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to review how to apply the HDRI image

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For application of HDRI image

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change the Source type to Cubemap

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And within the current project

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select the HDRI image

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and you can see that the value changes like this in the Chrome ball

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Next, in order to set up this HDRI image in cinematics with the best quality

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you need to match the light source of Unreal and the light source seen in the HDRI image

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We'll learn about this method now

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First, select Lit in the upper left hand side of Viewport

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Then out of the options listed below

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uncheck Game Settings

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Then you can see that the EV100 option underneath gets activated

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When this value is increased in increments of 1

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you can see that the viewport screen becomes gradually darker

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Then only the light source of the HDRI image in the Chrome ball will be visible

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Here, when directional light is added

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you can see that another light source appears on the Chrome Ball

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The emphasized part in the screen is the added light source

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Change the rotation value of the light

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to match it with the light source of the HDRI image

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Once it's matched, activate Game Settings in Viewport again

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This way, the light can be set-up in the most realistic way

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But there's one part missing

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It's the intensity of the light source

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The light source intensity of the HDRI image

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and the light arranged in Unreal

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need to have the same intensity value

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We'll learn about how to do this

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In the content browser of Unreal

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when you click the setting button, you can add engine contents

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Here, there's a mesh called Color Checkerboard

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When you search Color, a mesh called ColorCalibrator will pop up

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This mesh is the color checkerboard mesh

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Then, in the Unreal Viewport window

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go to Show->Visualize->then select HDR

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Then a box will appear in the middle of the Viewport screen

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and you'll see numerical values next to the box

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It's an option that can measure the EV values of images within the box

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Bring the HDRI box to the white part of the color checkerboard

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The measured EV value

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and the white EV value of the color checkerboard in the HDRI image

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need to be matched the same

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As you can see, then the white point

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and the darkest part is matched

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the accurate lighting setting is established

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But to use this function

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the color checkerboard has to be filmed in the HDRI image

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And during the filming, in the color checkerboard

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we need to know the EV value that's measured in the white area

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It's a mandatory process when making a real project

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but it's not easy, and there's a lot to prepare

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So rather than adjusting the intensity by matching the EV values

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find the darkest part and the brightest part in the 3D environment

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and make it the same as the HDRI image

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Let's look at the computer screen to review about

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how to match the light source

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First, turn off the Game Settings in Lit

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and adjust the EV100 value like this

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Then we can see the HDRI light source and the location of the light source in the current level

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From here, the location of the light source

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will be matched to the location of the HDRI light source

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Match it like this

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Turn on Game Settings again

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This time, go to Show

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and select Visualize -> HDR

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Then you'll see that a white rectangular box appears like this

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Underneath, you can see that the EV value is being measured

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In the color checkerboard arranged in Unreal

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set the focus on the white part

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Then when the EV value measured in the white part of the HDRI image checkerboard

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is matched the same

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a realistic lighting setting will be established

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This time, we'll learn about the functions of Lumen setting

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First, in project setting

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in the Global Illumination part

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change None to Lumen again

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When Lumen is selected, the Reflection part

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changes automatically

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What differences do you see between Lumen and None?

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It's the difference in indirect light

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Even without Sky Light, Lumen

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is the function that expresses indirect light in real-time based on the surrounding environments

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At this state, when Sky Light is added

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the effect adds on to the value calculated by Lumen

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To see how Lumen works

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I'll show you through the computer screen

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As you can see, the settings right now

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are in None

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Like this, the shadow part

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becomes black

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Here, in Project Settings

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Rendering

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We'll change the Global Illumination to Lumen

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A message box pops up asking if we want to change it automatically

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Then Reflection changes automatically

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With these settings, close Project Settings and take a look

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and you can see the Lumen-applied lighting

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Until now, in order to implement the real environment that we view

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I introduced you to lighting methods and functions

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As you saw in the computer screen

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Lumen that creates indirect light right away

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is a great function

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But even if Lumen is exceptional, 3D environment

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is ultimately made by a human

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So viewing good references and using those references

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to practice making them, is necessary

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To give a quick overview of what Post Volume is

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after producing an Unreal environment

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it's a source for applying visual effects

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The corresponding source is mandatory for making cinematic videos

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In this lecture, the functions within Post Volume used for cinematics

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will be introduced briefly

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This is Bloom

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Bloom is a function that makes the relative brightness of the light source a little brighter

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The light source that gives light expands as if it's getting blurred, and it becomes brighter

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This is Exposure

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You can adjust the exposure levels of the corresponding scene

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The function that's used the most often

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are Auto Exposure Histogram and Manual

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It's the difference of auto and manual

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This is Chromatic Aberration

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Used in video expression techniques

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it's a chromatic aberration effect

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It's basically separating the RGB channel

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When the value is adjusted

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just like the image on the left, you can see separated images

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For the bottom value, when Start offset is adjusted

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the center of the screen becomes the standard

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and it's the value of how far you'll apply the effect from the center

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In Post Volume, real camera

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setting values are implemented

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This function can be used when Exposure

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is set to Manual

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This is Local Exposure

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As the name says, the dark or bright parts of the screen

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can be changed through this function

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I'll explain about the three types that are used the most often

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First is Highlight Contrast Scale

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Within the Viewport, the brightest part's

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intensity is expressed here

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Second is Shadow Contrast Scale

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It's the intensity expression of the dark part within the Viewport

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Third is Detail Strength

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It's the intensity expression on contrast within the Viewport

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Lens Flare

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When the angle of the actual camera is matched around the light source

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the effects can be expressed through the function

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In Unreal, the corresponding function has a basic setting of 0.5

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and if you're not using it, you must set it to 0

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This is Image Effects

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It has the effect of making the edge of the image darker

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It's just like the Vignette effect

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This is Color Grading that changes the color of the screen

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The changing values for color correction

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are done in here for Unreal

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I'll explain each of them briefly

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Temperature is the function that adjusts the temperature of colors on the screen

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Global adjusts the color of the overall area of the screen

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Shadow adjusts the colors that correspond to the dark areas of the screen

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Midtones adjust the colors that correspond to the middle areas of the screen

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Highlights adjust the colors that correspond to the bright areas of the screen

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Misc adjusts the colors of the image

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This is also called Tone Mapper

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It changes the values on the S-curve

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the graph that shows the change in values of a particular color

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The graph image is showing an S-curve

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When the corresponding value is changed in Tone Mapper

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the curve shape changes

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This is Motion Blur

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In Unreal, this value is basically

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set as 0.5

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If you don't want to use Motion Blur

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you must change the value to 0

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And for Target FPS

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if the particle frame doesn't match

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it may not appear as intended

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Therefore, when using particles, check the corresponding value

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I first explained about the functions briefly

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Let's take a look at the computer screen to see how

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the effects of the corresponding functions work

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I'll change the values of the functions that I've explained

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to show you the effects it brings

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I'll first show you Bloom first

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When the value is increased like this

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the light source shines more

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It looks blurred, right?

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This is the effect that it brings

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This time, Exposure

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As I explained, there's the auto mode and the manual mode

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When the value is changed, like this, within the Unreal environment

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the exposure value is adjusted

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Next is chromatic aberration

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As you can see, when the value is increased

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the RGB channel separates like this

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With the value applied like this

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when Start Offset is adjusted

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the applied range can be determined

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This time, Camera

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As you can see, it's inactivated right now

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When it's set to Manual here

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you can use it like this

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Then, for local Exposure, like this

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The bright parts of the screen

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only the bright areas can be adjusted

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with this values, and same thing for Shadow

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It can be adjusted like this

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Then, Lens Flare

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The basic value is set as 1

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For this guy, Bloom

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Bloom value needs to be activated

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If it's not activated

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this kind of Lens Flare effect can't be observed

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And the Image Effects, Vignette effect

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Like this, as you can see

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It's a function that makes the edge of the screen dark

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Next is Color Grading

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When you look at color temperature first

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increasing the value like this gives a cold feeling

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and lowering it gives a warm feeling

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On the bottom, there's Global, Shadows, Midtones, and Highlights

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there's a tab for each area where you can make adjustments

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You can see how it adjusts like this

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Here, Global is the overall area

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For Shadows, the relatively dark areas

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are adjusted

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Midtones are the middle level

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And for Highlights, the brightest level

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values are adjusted

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Then Tone Mapper
As you can see

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when you change the value of the S-curve

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you can see how the image changes like this

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Next is Motion Blur

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The basic value is 0.5

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If you don't want to use this guy, change it to 0

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The feeling of Motion Blur

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can only been checked through the rendered image later on

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But if you want to change Motion Blur

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you can change it in Post Volume, as what you should know

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For Post Volume, I briefly explained about the functions that we use right now

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but I'll explain about it additionally in future lectures

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Thank you

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Project selection and settings for cinematics
Selecting and setting up projects that provide plug-in activation and basic assets
Blank: project that only contains the minimum functions of cinematics

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Virtual production: project that contains settings needed for virtual production (VR, virtual camera, n-display, etc)

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DMX: project that contains settings for the virtual stage
InCamera-VFX: project that contains ICVFX settings

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Ndisplay: project used for multi-display
Project Defaults: select whether you want to receive the basic sources that are provided when the project is first opened

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Lighting techniques and settings for cinematics
The principle and application of lighting that decides the quality of the cinematics
Types of lights that Unreal provides: Directional, Point, Rect, Spot

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Never use the basic values for the light source provided by Unreal
Shadow becomes softer when Source Radius value is changed

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Check the applied image of Sky Light using Chrome ball
Match the light source of HDRI and the lighting that works within Unreal

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Adjust the intensity value by observing the darkest and brightest parts of the image in the 3D environment

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Post Process Volume Setting
Function used within Post Volume for cinematics
PostProcessVolume: source for applying visual effects after producing the Unreal environment

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Bloom: function that makes the relative brightness of the light source brighter
Exposure: can adjust the exposure value of the corresponding scene

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Chromatic Aberration: chromatic aberration that expresses  by separating RGB channels
Camera: the actual camera function

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Local Exposure: adjusts the exposure of the dark parts within the Viewport screen
Lens Flare: effect changes that arise when the actual camera angle is matched around the light source

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Image Effects: changes the edge of the image to be darker
Color Grading: tab that adjusts the color of the screen