WEBVTT

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In this lecture I will explain

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overall production process of motion capture

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What preparations you need to make to film motion capture

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and what you should be paying attention to

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And also

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What you need to do after filming

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Learning contents will be, first, preparation for filming

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Second will be actual filming of motion capture

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and third will be data clean-up and converting

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Lesson objective will be to differentiate between

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regular filming and motion capture shooting

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and to learn the

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overall elements of motion capture filming

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As an example of mine

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We used motion capture for the movie, 'The Admiral: Roaring Currents'

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Even though I worked on it, I couldn't tell

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which parts of the movie used motion capture

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when I saw the end result

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I found out later

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First, the bird's eye view of this ship

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which is the view of the ship from the sky

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Obviously it is not easy to find dozens of actual ships

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or even make them

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So the ships were made with computer graphics

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and because the ships were processed

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actual people would not be able to be inside them

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Then all the characters here

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has to be digital characters as well

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so we used motion capture here

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If I remember correctly we gathered some

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rocking-on-the-boat movements

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We took about 5 cuts

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5 cuts of different movements

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and we ran it through crowd simulation

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and made hundreds and thousands of people

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That is what we used there

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And the difference between real shooting and motion capture shooting is

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For this movie as an example

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we didn't shoot at an actual ship

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We made a fake model ship and

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the backgrounds were all

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green and blue screen

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and did a separate task of

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masking the main character's face

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However, motion capture

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must be filmed in a studio

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Other than for the main character

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the parts for the supporting actor

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such as falling into the water or getting stabbed

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 were all motion captured

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Two tracks were filmed

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in this way and later

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the CG part of the motion capture data

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was synthesized

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For some countries

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this has been a thing for 10 to 20 years

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Even in Korea, this method of filming is

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being implemented now

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As I mentioned in the previous lesson

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We no longer use acoustic or

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mechanical systems

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So I my explanations will be based on

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Optical and Magnetic systems

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What makes motion capture shooting different from regular

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is that it extracts data

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For normal filming, we need

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to capture the actual casts faces on camera

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Motion capture filming extracts data

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for the remaining supporting cast

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For movies or drama shooting

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If you need to capture a character on screen

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Since motion capture is basically

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making data for digital characters

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There are no restrictions on space or structure

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So even if we don't find or make

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and actual ship

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If we have a simple

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steel or wire frame type structure

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we can shoot motion capture

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with no issues

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That is an advantage

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So inside the studio

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the shooting would not be restricted

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by the weather as well

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That is why filming using a virtual studio

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is most trending now

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and one of them is motion capture

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There is a 2007 film by Zack Snyder

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called 300

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All of the movie

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was shot indoors except for one scene

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Even though it was filmed in a studio

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it managed to make it very unnoticeable

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And again, the advantages of

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studio shooting is no restrictions on weather and time

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You can choose to shoot

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any time on any day

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However, you do need thorough preparations

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and contents may be limited due to

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the lack of background sources

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but still this type of shooting is in the limelight

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I think it will continue to develop

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The motion capture production process

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can be largely divided to 4 sections

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In the past, production was done step by step

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starting with the pre-production

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then shoot and then post-production

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Now we can shoot real time

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which greatly reduces the risk on post-production work

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I will talk about real time shooting later

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and for now explain what

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steps we have here

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Preparations Before Shooting

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The most important element during preparation

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is a previous meeting

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It is important to thoroughly  explain the motion capture filming

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because not all the crew members know very well

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Motion capture filming requires

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different shooting methods

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and need to separate the body, face and fingers

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We need to check equipment need for each of the shoot

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and secure all the markers needed depending on the number of actors

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You would also need to decide

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 if you would place markers on the

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fingers or wear gloves

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From time to time you need to

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move to a different set because the size doesn't fit

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When this happens if you are doing a magnetic system shoot

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sets with steel materials

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should be avoided as they affect the sensor

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Because the devices are wireless

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we could be using the same frequencies

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as other wireless devices, like sound devices

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In that case, you need to check

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and pay attention to interference

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Magnetic systems are not limited to space

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so it is possible to shoot outdoors

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On the other hand, optical systems are restricted

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so it is crucial to talk about it during the meeting

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For example if we wanted a stairs scene

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For optical, we need to build stair-type structure

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in order to shoot, but for magnetic

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we can simply go to a staircase and shoot there

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So this could be a huge

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disadvantage of optical systems

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because you would have to build the stairs

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install them to the scene to shoot

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and remove them again for the next sceene

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Whereas for magnetic system

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you can just shoot at the place you have in mind

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Therefore it is important to

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talk and plan things out

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thoroughly before shooting

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Optical system is sensitive to light

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so we need a noise check caused by light

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and also check if the lights reflect on the floor

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If it reflects, we need reconstruct the floors

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and consider its visuals on the screen

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If we own both Optical and

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Magnetic systems

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It is better to incorporate both into filming

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For example, optical system is weak

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in movements that cover the markers, like falling

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so if we could secure this data by shooting in magnetic system

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the cleanup time would be significantly reduced

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So the use of both systems

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will result in more efficient motion capture shooting

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During the meeting you should also talk about

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agenda scheduling and actor recruitment

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and also check and prepare props

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For optical shooting, props and structures

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need to be in a wire-framed form

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That is because the cameras

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are installed almost everywhere

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top and bottom as well

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they will be installed at any angle as needed

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If the prop or structure is filled inside

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The camera on the other side

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will not be able to find the markers

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Smaller props are fine

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but bigger structures like a door

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or a car

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the camera on the opposite side

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will not pick up the markers and therefore no data will be extracted

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So this is a very important part

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We also need to check reference cameras and monitoring system

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The monitoring system is for the director's confirmation purposes

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and they may request videos taken from various of angles

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It applies to not only the body

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but also the facial shooting

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Directors also consider the front

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and side views to be very important

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They may request images taken from multiple angles

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for the body, and the face as well

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So for those, we would need reference cameras

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as well as extra man-power

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which needs to be confirmed during the meeting

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Motion Capture Shooting

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Once the preparations are finished, we will go into shooting

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Although the shooting sequences have been decided during the meeting

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it is best to double check on the shooting day of

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A thorough rehearsal may

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solve any issues

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but if no rehearsal took place

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It will be better to adjust the schedule according to the

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condition of the actors, equipment situation and movement difficulty

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For example running will cause stamina loss

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so it could be placed towards the end

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You need to make decisions like

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If it is partial face shooting

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place it in the morning

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and body shooting in the afternoon

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After these things are sorted out

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we start with Calibration first

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This is substituting the actual

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equipment's settings into a computer

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For the Gyro system, after wearing the suit

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specify the position value for each sensor

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measure and write down the measurements of each joint

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Then a skeleton will be created to match the actor's height and joints

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Then, you specify the axis

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For Optical systems

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Set up the cameras in specific locations

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and allot the axis

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Next, wear the suit and markers

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ROM, short for Range of Motion

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It creates the skeleton by entering the joint's range of motion

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and doing the T pose

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For Optical systems

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Appointing each camera's position is very important

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Most of the time of

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Calibration will be used here

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So it is best to do them before shooting

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Redo the Calibrations as needed

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during the shoot when

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data is not coming through

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or too much noise is processed

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Magnetic system sets the axis

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after wearing the suit and sensors

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while for Optical, the axis is set

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after assigning

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camera location

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These are important differences

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When these preparations are done, you would

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go through final rehearsal before motion capture shooting

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Motion capture shooting crew would

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make close communications with the director

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Install props and structures appropriately

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and respond well to the scene

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At this time, you must check whether

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cleanup is possible while checking the data

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to reduce post-production time

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Figuring out the channel of movements is also needed

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Since the space is limited

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We might need separate shooting if long space is needed

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Data may not come out well

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for movements made at the edges

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So we need to figure out how to use the space

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and also reallocate the structures accordingly

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Crew should also make sure we have enough markers

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and double check that they are all at the right places

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Crew should always be mindful of

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the equipment and its well being as well

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Data Clean-up and Converting

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The data gathered from shooting

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needs a post-edit called Clean up

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Real time shooting is important

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but clean up and converting are as well

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An amazing shoot with not so great Clean-up

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will result in

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decreased quality results when applied to characters

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Both systems go through the ReProcess

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It applies more detailed options

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to the data extracted to make them

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in a state that is good to work with during clean up

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For Magnetic system, only ReProcess is needed

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but for Optical systems

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Marker Data Clean up is also necessary

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Marker Clean up may differ by equipment manufacturers

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But it could be done efficiently with

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some basic rules set

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First is the Labeling process

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Placing names or ID for the marker data

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to help them not get mixed up

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One actor wears about 50 markers

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If these are mixed up

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Then the skeleton will eventually be twisted as well

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so the first label process needs to be well done

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Next is Cut Key

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Due to the nature of the optical system, calculating on a frame-by-frame

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may result in errors depending on the filming environment

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For example, movements that cover the markers

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That will be considered

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data calculation error if the

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camera looses track of the markers

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So if we have many movments as such

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errors will occur continuously

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So, after the Cut Key is completed

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t is necessary to connect the broken sections

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This is called the Fill Gap

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It is recommended to

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apply a filter to smoothen the data before

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running Fill Gap

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If not, the graph would not be

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correct

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It's good to make a habit of smooth work

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before doing the fill gap

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This completes the work on the marker data

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You can extract the marker data here

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and then use Solve Bone to

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convert it to a skeleton

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and extract the Bone data

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Solve Bone is the actor's skeleton

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during motion capture filming

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So it needs a separate

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3D converting job

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Now I will explain converting

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We can process converting in 2 ways

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Actorize, which uses markers to convert

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and Characterize, which uses

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Solve Bone

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They both have their pros and cons

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Characterize that uses markers

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is straightforward and easy to use

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so it could save you time

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So this is preferred in Freevis where data must be

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used immediately

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This is because you receive the data quickly

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make temp edits, and quickly determine camera angles or

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animation modifications

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Actorize is based on marker data

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to convert

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and takes significant amount of time

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installing the detailed settings

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But it has higher data accuracy

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than Characterize

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I recommend going through Actorize processing

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Motion capture personnel must convert the animation

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to a format appropriate for each tool

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such as Maya, Max, or Unreal

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and also should be able to make suggestions

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on how to convert and secure

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better quality data

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Now as a review, let's summarize the

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 technologies required for motion capture

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Shooting location is

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probably the most important in Motion Capture

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Spaces need to be designed according to

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different movements

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The range of the capture depends on

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what system is used and

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how much space is available

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In addition to various marker settings

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It is good to set markers considering the cleanup aspect

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for restoring lost items

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when shooting motion capture

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For example if there are lots of movements

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lying down, move the markers on the back to the fronts

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Or we can reposition the camera lower

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So we can see the bottom part as well

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These kind of decisions all have

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data cleanup in mind

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Of course, if you use the magnetic system

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you won't have to do that

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So you should use what is more

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appropriate to your shooting

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Motion capture usually works on humans

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but sometimes sensors are attached to cameras

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and extracts the camera's movements

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and they could also be attached to animals

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and tools

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like any weapons or structures

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to extract their data

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So a diverse of Bone setting techniques

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are necessary

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We need to offer

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Bone that is applicable to humans

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animals, cameras

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and structures

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Also, for animators who use different tools

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he data must be transmitted by converting it

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 into a format suitable for each software

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Lastly, we need to respond well to incorporating

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virtual studios through real-time shooting

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in line with today's trends

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There will be more explanations on

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Virtual studios on the third lecture

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This wraps up the second lecture

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Overview

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Preparation for filming
4 steps in the motion capture production process

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Preparation for filming: schedule, quotation, contract, preliminary meeting, recruiting actors, preparing props.
Filming: Wearing a suit, attaching markers (sensors), Stage-Coordinate, communication, field response, structure

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Cleanup: ReProcess, Lable, Cut Key, Filter, Fill Gap, Solve Bone
Converting: Actorize, Characterize, Motionbuild

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Motion Capture Filming

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Calibration
Substituting the settings of equipment in a real space into a computer

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Essential Elements of an Optical System
Camera positioning and axis designation
Save post-production time by checking whether cleanup is possible

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Data Cleanup and Conversion
ReProcess
Convert data extracted by markers or sensors into 3D data

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Mark data cleanup process
Lable: Specifies about 50 marker data with a given name.
Cut Key: Cutting out protruding frames

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Fill Gap: The task of connecting broken sections of the graph.
Solve Bone: The task of converting to skeleton data

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Application skills required for motion capture
Expansion of motion capture shooting space (Motion Capture Setting)
Various marker settings (Motion Capture Maker)

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Lost data restoration technology (Motion Capture Editing)
Various bone settings (Motion Data Bone)

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Various format conversion technologies (3D Tool Converting)
Virtual studio integration (Real Time Motion Capture)