WEBVTT 1 00:00:27.440 --> 00:00:29.740 Hello, I am Jaegon Jang 2 00:00:30.139 --> 00:00:34.279 I welcome you to the course for people who are interested in the game industry 3 00:00:34.279 --> 00:00:38.380 Today, we will talk about the origin and history of games 4 00:00:38.601 --> 00:00:42.451 The origin and history of games 5 00:00:42.740 --> 00:00:45.580 This lecture is about how game developed 6 00:00:45.580 --> 00:00:47.860 From ancient times to this day 7 00:00:47.860 --> 00:00:50.919 And further understand it 8 00:00:50.919 --> 00:00:53.459 Game is not just an entertainment tool 9 00:00:53.459 --> 00:00:56.560 But it's closely related with the development of civilization 10 00:00:56.560 --> 00:00:58.900 But was always a part of human history 11 00:00:58.900 --> 00:01:02.759 Let's start with games from ancient times 12 00:01:02.759 --> 00:01:04.800 First game would be 13 00:01:04.800 --> 00:01:08.639 Ancient Game 1 'King of Ur' which was originated in Mesopotamian civilization 14 00:01:08.639 --> 00:01:12.839 This game was discovered in ancient Mesopotamia area 15 00:01:12.839 --> 00:01:16.639 It's estimated to have been made 4,500 years ago 16 00:01:16.639 --> 00:01:21.080 The game board is made of 20 rectangular spaces 17 00:01:21.080 --> 00:01:24.860 Each spaces are distinguished by specific colors and symbols 18 00:01:24.860 --> 00:01:29.860 This game has a high possibility of having religious and astrological meaning 19 00:01:29.860 --> 00:01:34.160 It seems that it was used in ceremonies of the society 20 00:01:34.160 --> 00:01:36.760 Ancient Game 2 Next is 'Senet game' form ancient Egypt 21 00:01:36.760 --> 00:01:41.000 This game is one of the oldest games discovered from ancient Egypt 22 00:01:41.000 --> 00:01:43.540 It existed about 5000 years ago 23 00:01:43.540 --> 00:01:46.639 Senet game takes place in a T-shaped board 24 00:01:46.639 --> 00:01:52.220 The purpose of this game is to move the pieces through the rock board from start to finish 25 00:01:52.220 --> 00:01:55.779 This game had more meaning than just entertainment 26 00:01:55.779 --> 00:01:57.300 Coinciding with the ancient Egypt culture 27 00:01:57.300 --> 00:02:01.440 It had elements that symbolized the journey of afterlife 28 00:02:01.440 --> 00:02:05.339 Next, we will look at the development of ancient games to modern games 29 00:02:05.339 --> 00:02:08.720 There were various boardgames in medieval Europe 30 00:02:08.720 --> 00:02:11.660 Medieval Europe game 1 'Chess' is a game we are very familiar of 31 00:02:11.660 --> 00:02:14.580 It started in medieval India, and through Persia 32 00:02:14.580 --> 00:02:16.960 It was spread in Europe 33 00:02:16.960 --> 00:02:20.960 Chess is a game that consists pieces with different moving abilities 34 00:02:20.960 --> 00:02:24.500 The goal is to protect the king 35 00:02:24.520 --> 00:02:28.179 While trying to take out the opponent's king 36 00:02:28.179 --> 00:02:32.979 It needs strategies and tactical plans 37 00:02:32.979 --> 00:02:37.419 It was used as a model for military strategies 38 00:02:37.419 --> 00:02:41.940 Medieval Europe Game 2 Meanwhile, a strategy game called 'Baduk' or 'Go' developed in East Asia 39 00:02:41.940 --> 00:02:45.179 'Baduk' is known to be started in ancient China 40 00:02:45.179 --> 00:02:49.220 Two players take turns using black and white stones 41 00:02:49.220 --> 00:02:52.860 On the board and try to expand their territories 42 00:02:52.860 --> 00:02:54.899 'Baduk' has simple rules 43 00:02:54.899 --> 00:02:57.660 There can be unlimited depth of strategies 44 00:02:57.660 --> 00:03:02.820 It has been traditionally used as a tool for mental discipline 45 00:03:02.820 --> 00:03:06.100 Its philosophical and artistic values were acknowledged 46 00:03:06.100 --> 00:03:10.419 Games developed under the context of various cultures and history 47 00:03:10.419 --> 00:03:14.220 It reflects the unique values and philosophy of each civilizations 48 00:03:14.220 --> 00:03:18.779 These traditional games are still popular in modern society 49 00:03:18.779 --> 00:03:22.979 It influences the planning and ways of playing of digital games 50 00:03:27.660 --> 00:03:31.660 Next, we will look at the history and development of video games 51 00:03:31.660 --> 00:03:35.020 From the 1970s till today, the video game industry 52 00:03:35.020 --> 00:03:39.820 Has grown rapidly by technological innovation and change in culture 53 00:03:39.820 --> 00:03:43.740 We will learn about the changes of game technologies from each era 54 00:03:43.740 --> 00:03:48.300 And how the game industry developed 55 00:03:48.300 --> 00:03:54.220 Video Game 1 The history of video game starts with the arcade games of the 1970s 56 00:03:54.220 --> 00:03:56.500 The most famous game of them, and in game history is 57 00:03:56.500 --> 00:04:03.339 'Pong', which came out in 1972 58 00:04:03.339 --> 00:04:06.539 The first arcade video game, Pong Pong was motivated by a simple pingpong game 59 00:04:06.539 --> 00:04:10.940 Two players exchange the ball with a small rectangle paddle 60 00:04:10.940 --> 00:04:13.380 This game caught worldwide popularity 61 00:04:13.380 --> 00:04:18.579 It was an example which showed video game could be a part of the pop culture 62 00:04:18.579 --> 00:04:25.179 Video game 2 Later on, the game industry had a huge change with the console games for home 63 00:04:25.179 --> 00:04:28.339 The 1980s were the era of console games 64 00:04:28.339 --> 00:04:33.380 Console game companies, such as Atari led the market 65 00:04:33.380 --> 00:04:37.579 Atari 2600 pioneered the home console game market 66 00:04:37.579 --> 00:04:40.540 It made the base of playing various games 67 00:04:40.540 --> 00:04:44.859 By changing the cartridge 68 00:04:44.859 --> 00:04:47.179 Later on, Japan's Nintendo's FamiCom 69 00:04:47.179 --> 00:04:53.980 In North America, the console was called NES for Nintendo entertainment system, and it entered the marked 70 00:04:53.980 --> 00:04:57.619 Games like Super Mario Bros was 71 00:04:57.619 --> 00:04:59.660 A worldwide hit 72 00:04:59.660 --> 00:05:02.339 It led to a huge change of the industry 73 00:05:02.339 --> 00:05:04.980 As home consoles came out 74 00:05:04.980 --> 00:05:09.140 Home computers also came out 75 00:05:09.140 --> 00:05:12.140 Video game 3 The 1990s were the golden era of PC games 76 00:05:12.140 --> 00:05:16.500 Games such as Doom or Warcraft was a major success 77 00:05:16.500 --> 00:05:19.380 Also, the graphic technology developed in this era 78 00:05:19.380 --> 00:05:21.700 3D graphic technology was introduced 79 00:05:21.700 --> 00:05:24.899 The visual and immersion level was hugely increased 80 00:05:24.899 --> 00:05:28.700 Also, the Internet made network games possible 81 00:05:28.700 --> 00:05:31.339 Which allowed the players to compete and cooperate 82 00:05:31.339 --> 00:05:34.980 Anywhere in the world 83 00:05:34.980 --> 00:05:37.940 The possiblities of multiplaying 84 00:05:37.940 --> 00:05:41.700 And the environment which made playing anywhere in the world 85 00:05:41.700 --> 00:05:45.019 The 2000s were an era of crucial changes in the game industry 86 00:05:45.019 --> 00:05:48.859 Along with the rapid development of digital technology 87 00:05:48.859 --> 00:05:52.940 The game industry of this era could be explained by two major characteristics 88 00:05:52.940 --> 00:05:57.459 Video Game 4 It was the sufacing of online games and the advancement of game technology 89 00:05:57.459 --> 00:06:02.660 It was an era when especially online games became mainstream 90 00:06:02.660 --> 00:06:07.380 Along with the growth of Internet, MMORPG games became popular 91 00:06:07.380 --> 00:06:10.579 World of Warcraft could be the main example 92 00:06:10.579 --> 00:06:15.420 It was released in 2004 and gained popularity worldwide 93 00:06:15.420 --> 00:06:17.220 Hundreds of players 94 00:06:17.220 --> 00:06:19.299 Could play together at the same time 95 00:06:19.299 --> 00:06:21.540 In the online cyberspace 96 00:06:21.540 --> 00:06:25.540 The interaction provided a new form of gaming experience 97 00:06:25.540 --> 00:06:30.339 This game's genre was role-playing 98 00:06:30.339 --> 00:06:33.459 And a system called raid was introduced 99 00:06:33.459 --> 00:06:39.980 With one leader and the rest of the party hunts down a big monster 100 00:06:39.980 --> 00:06:44.739 And accomplish an achievement 101 00:06:44.739 --> 00:06:48.420 So the game got popular all over the world 102 00:06:48.420 --> 00:06:52.380 Especially in Korea 103 00:06:52.380 --> 00:06:53.940 How did it happen? 104 00:06:53.940 --> 00:06:59.540 We learned that games reflect cultural characteristics earlier 105 00:06:59.540 --> 00:07:03.059 Our culture enjoys fight and action 106 00:07:03.059 --> 00:07:05.619 We were a warlike race 107 00:07:05.619 --> 00:07:08.100 Korea spent the most time 108 00:07:08.100 --> 00:07:12.140 Playing this game then any other countries 109 00:07:12.140 --> 00:07:16.899 With the advanced online technology, game technologies also became advanced 110 00:07:16.899 --> 00:07:21.660 So the graphic and the complexity of game playing improved drastically 111 00:07:21.660 --> 00:07:26.619 Especially graphic processing improved a lot due to the development of hardware 112 00:07:26.619 --> 00:07:31.100 Therefore, games were able to provide a more realistic and detailed visual 113 00:07:31.100 --> 00:07:35.500 For example, the game 'Crysis' was releasedin 2007 114 00:07:35.500 --> 00:07:39.179 It showed the highest level of graphic and physical engine 115 00:07:39.179 --> 00:07:44.660 The term 'game engine' was acknowledged by this game 116 00:07:44.660 --> 00:07:51.299 It was discovered that through game engines, high quality graphics and physical rendition was possible 117 00:07:51.299 --> 00:07:55.380 Based on these engines, lots of games were released 118 00:07:55.380 --> 00:07:58.260 The most famous game of them 119 00:07:58.260 --> 00:08:01.660 Would be 'Aion' of NCSOFT 120 00:08:01.660 --> 00:08:05.019 So the game made by the engine 121 00:08:05.019 --> 00:08:08.140 Crysis's technical requirement was so high 122 00:08:08.140 --> 00:08:12.500 That it was able to run smoothly with only the most advanced hardware 123 00:08:12.500 --> 00:08:16.140 The console games had significant progress too 124 00:08:16.140 --> 00:08:19.980 Playstation, Xbox, Nintendo 125 00:08:19.980 --> 00:08:23.339 And Gamecubes were released in the early 2000s 126 00:08:23.339 --> 00:08:25.299 And were very successful 127 00:08:25.299 --> 00:08:30.220 Playstation 2 was one of the best-selling game consoles 128 00:08:30.220 --> 00:08:32.419 It provided games of various genres 129 00:08:32.419 --> 00:08:36.179 Hundreds of millions products were sold worldwide 130 00:08:36.179 --> 00:08:39.940 Later on, the sudden rise of mobile platform 131 00:08:39.940 --> 00:08:43.419 The cornerstone of mobile gaming was discovered 132 00:08:43.419 --> 00:08:48.940 Video Game 5 In the late 2000s, smartphones came out and the mobile game market began to form 133 00:08:48.940 --> 00:08:51.219 The advent of iPhone and Android platforms 134 00:08:51.219 --> 00:08:54.020 Made a new possibility to the programmers 135 00:08:54.020 --> 00:08:57.419 Which was distribution of games through smartphones 136 00:08:57.419 --> 00:09:01.460 Games like 'Angry Bird' had a huge success 137 00:09:01.460 --> 00:09:05.900 It laid the foundation of the growth for mobile games 138 00:09:05.900 --> 00:09:09.020 For examples of Korea, Anipang and DragonFlight 139 00:09:09.020 --> 00:09:14.979 Was the ones that laid the foundation of mobile games 140 00:09:14.979 --> 00:09:19.539 Anipang became a game which the whole country knew 141 00:09:19.539 --> 00:09:23.539 The Ceo of Sundaytoz, which made Anipang, stepped down 142 00:09:23.539 --> 00:09:26.419 The company made a value of KRW 50 billion 143 00:09:26.419 --> 00:09:30.940 Worth of stocks, and they were sold to another company 144 00:09:30.940 --> 00:09:33.940 This rapid growth of the mobile game market 145 00:09:33.940 --> 00:09:36.380 Led to the interest of social gaming 146 00:09:36.380 --> 00:09:39.419 And made mobile games more poplular 147 00:09:39.419 --> 00:09:42.820 Several significant changes were made in the game industry in the 2010s 148 00:09:42.820 --> 00:09:46.299 Along with the continuous development of digital technologies 149 00:09:46.299 --> 00:09:49.500 Video Game 6 Especially social gaming had a sudden rise 150 00:09:49.500 --> 00:09:52.140 Along with the popularity of social network platforms 151 00:09:52.140 --> 00:09:54.859 Social games became very popular 152 00:09:54.859 --> 00:09:58.900 SNG, which stands for social network game 153 00:09:58.900 --> 00:10:01.179 Spread through Facebook 154 00:10:01.179 --> 00:10:05.059 It made the interaction between players as a part of game playing 155 00:10:05.059 --> 00:10:09.580 These games provided a new type of game experience 156 00:10:09.580 --> 00:10:14.059 Compared to previous PC, console, mobile games 157 00:10:14.059 --> 00:10:18.500 It attracted the non-traditional gamer class to the gaming world 158 00:10:18.500 --> 00:10:22.460 Therefore, gamers who didn't know about games so much 159 00:10:22.460 --> 00:10:28.500 Discovered they could play games with simple clicks 160 00:10:28.500 --> 00:10:33.979 People realized games aren't hard and complicated 161 00:10:33.979 --> 00:10:41.340 It made all the age groups become gamers 162 00:10:41.340 --> 00:10:45.140 At the same time, mobile games became more popular 163 00:10:45.140 --> 00:10:49.179 The advanced smarthphone technology, and the spread of tablet PC 164 00:10:49.179 --> 00:10:51.500 Mobile game market had a rapid growth 165 00:10:51.500 --> 00:10:54.539 For example, Candy Crush Saga and Clash of clans 166 00:10:54.539 --> 00:10:57.500 Would be the representative games 167 00:10:57.500 --> 00:11:01.700 It made a huge success as a game which can be played anywhere and anytime 168 00:11:01.700 --> 00:11:05.099 Also, these games had a different purchase method 169 00:11:05.099 --> 00:11:09.380 As in the past, it was to purchase the game itself and download to play it 170 00:11:09.380 --> 00:11:13.979 It changed to purchasing the items of the game, and make it affect the playing 171 00:11:13.979 --> 00:11:16.580 It was a profit model called in-app purchase 172 00:11:16.580 --> 00:11:19.419 And made a big impact financially 173 00:11:19.419 --> 00:11:23.659 There were a lot of changes on the profit models too 174 00:11:23.739 --> 00:11:28.820 The models used advertisements 175 00:11:28.820 --> 00:11:32.780 And it was discovered that by selling the items in the game 176 00:11:32.780 --> 00:11:38.460 Could make a lot of profit and value 177 00:11:38.460 --> 00:11:42.619 Lastly, we'll look at recent years 178 00:11:42.619 --> 00:11:45.619 Video Game 7: Streaming service and cloud gaming In the early 2020s, new gaming technologies 179 00:11:45.619 --> 00:11:50.059 And more various and segmentalized gaming industry structure developed 180 00:11:50.099 --> 00:11:57.340 The techonology made playing games remotely possible rather that on phones 181 00:11:57.340 --> 00:11:59.780 Cloud gaming and game streamings 182 00:11:59.780 --> 00:12:03.299 Services became the new trend 183 00:12:03.299 --> 00:12:07.789 Cloud based game service makes playing high quality games on any device possible 184 00:12:07.789 --> 00:12:13.260 Even when the user doesn't have a high-performance hardware 185 00:12:13.260 --> 00:12:16.140 Google's Stadia, and Microsoft's Xcloud was 186 00:12:16.140 --> 00:12:20.979 The frontrunner of this field, and highly improved the accessibility to games 187 00:12:20.979 --> 00:12:24.780 The reason why cloud based gaming became so popular 188 00:12:24.780 --> 00:12:29.750 The Internet penetration expanded and provided better service 189 00:12:29.750 --> 00:12:32.780 Made it possible to play high quality games 190 00:12:32.780 --> 00:12:36.900 With real time communications 191 00:12:36.900 --> 00:12:40.340 The term Cloud gaming 192 00:12:40.340 --> 00:12:43.780 Made the gaming service rise up 193 00:12:43.780 --> 00:12:46.219 The spread of game streaming service 194 00:12:46.219 --> 00:12:48.260 Lots of users broadcast and watch 195 00:12:48.260 --> 00:12:52.979 Real time game plays on platforms such as Twitch 196 00:12:52.979 --> 00:12:57.780 In the past, games delivered expriences through game plays 197 00:12:57.780 --> 00:13:02.140 But now, the entertainment of watching game plays was acknowledged 198 00:13:02.140 --> 00:13:05.909 It provided a new type of game service of 199 00:13:05.909 --> 00:13:09.299 Sharing game experiences and forming communities 200 00:13:09.299 --> 00:13:13.460 Fortnite could be the best example 201 00:13:13.460 --> 00:13:16.859 The streamers play the game 202 00:13:16.859 --> 00:13:19.820 Through live streaming 203 00:13:19.820 --> 00:13:22.500 People could watch them play 204 00:13:22.500 --> 00:13:25.460 And enjoy it together 205 00:13:25.460 --> 00:13:30.580 Also, with the collaborations and events with the streamers 206 00:13:30.580 --> 00:13:33.859 New marketing strategies were shown 207 00:13:33.859 --> 00:13:36.659 The development of technology and change in market 208 00:13:36.659 --> 00:13:40.900 Provides interesting prospects on how the game industry would develop 209 00:13:40.900 --> 00:13:43.140 Games are not just for entartainment 210 00:13:43.140 --> 00:13:48.900 They are means for education, social interaction, and cultural expression 211 00:13:48.900 --> 00:13:52.659 And these roles will be strengthened in the future 212 00:13:52.659 --> 00:13:56.059 We learned about the origins and history of games 213 00:13:56.059 --> 00:14:01.580 Games from past to present were always linked with development of technology 214 00:14:01.580 --> 00:14:06.419 While producing your own game, predicting the technology of the future 215 00:14:06.419 --> 00:14:11.299 Would help it to be a more successful, popular game 216 00:14:11.299 --> 00:14:14.260 Be aware of that game always goes together with technology 217 00:14:14.260 --> 00:14:16.780 I hope an entertaining, unique 218 00:14:16.780 --> 00:14:20.020 game which represents a period comes out 219 00:14:20.020 --> 00:14:21.020 Thank you 220 00:14:22.071 --> 00:14:24.421 The orign and history of game Ancient games Royal Game of Ur : A game made 4,500 years ago discovered in ancient Mesopotamia area 221 00:14:24.421 --> 00:14:26.522 Senet Game : One of the oldest boardgames found in ancient Egypt, it existed about 5,000 years ago 222 00:14:26.522 --> 00:14:28.972 Medieval Games Chess : Strategy game started in Medieval India, spread to Europe through Persia Go (Baduk) : Started from ancient China, two players expand their territory on the board 223 00:14:28.973 --> 00:14:30.973 History of video games and the process of development 1970s : Arcade games 1972 : The most famous game in history 'Pong' was released 224 00:14:30.973 --> 00:14:32.973 1980s : Home console games Atari's 2600 and Nintendo pioneered the home game market, and found the base of various ways to enjoy games 225 00:14:32.973 --> 00:14:34.973 1990s : PC games and networkd games The visual and immersion level improved highly due to the 3D graphic techonologies 226 00:14:34.973 --> 00:14:36.972 2000s : Rise of online gaming and advancement in game technology The graphics as complexity of game plays increased highly and provided realistic and detaild visuals 227 00:14:36.973 --> 00:14:39.873 The history and development of video games 2010s : Social gaming Mobile game market grew rapidly due to smartphones and tablet PC 228 00:14:39.873 --> 00:14:42.473 2020s : Streaming service and cloud gaming Accessibility to game were improved drastically with cloud based game service 229 00:14:42.473 --> 00:14:44.722 Through streaming services, lots of users broadcast and watch game plays real time on platforms