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Current Status of Animation Using Game Engines

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In the past, in creating animations

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Including but not only those for games

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3D softwares used to be widely used such as Maya and Max

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In contrast, nowadays game engines are very often in use

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There are many different kinds of game engines

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Each different gaming company

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Has developed engines specifically aiming for their own games

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For example

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GameMaker Studio, Gamebryo

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GameSparks, and so many more game engines have been released

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The two most popular game engines as of now

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Are Unity and Unreal Engine

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These are the top two as of now

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The reason is because

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Many gaming companies

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Are using these two game engines the most

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Especially for Unreal Engine

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It has been used widely not only for games

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But also for producing animations and animated films

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Another equally excelling Unity

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It's widely used for live action or animated films

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In particular, something popular

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Something you must all be familiar with

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Avatar or Planet of the Apes

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Weta Digital that has produced such

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Has collaborated with Unity Engine

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They have announced that their next VFX film

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Will be produced using Unity

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The reason being

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Until now, it has only been used for game engines

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But with the advent of Unreal Engine

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As animation or live action film production companies

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Are using more and more of the game engines

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Unity is now quickly

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Adjusting to that trend as of now

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Next up is

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Of these two game engines

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Why is Unreal Engine so widely used?

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Let me talk a bit about its reasons

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First

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It is a very accessible engine

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Because, as you may be able to check for yourself

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at Unreal Engine's website

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Unreal Engine is a free software that you can download

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For Maya and other 3D softwares

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Their annual plans cost up to several million won

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That's why they are very inaccessible to many

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That's why Unreal Engine has become so popular

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Of course not everything of the software is free

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If a company has 50,000 dollars worth of sale

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25% of their sales

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Must be paid to Unreal Engine of Epic Games

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The second reason is

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With real-time rendering technology, rendering takes much less time now

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Generally, for an animation production

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The rendering department takes a very long time

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Generally for Hollywood movies

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As you all must've seen from the news

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Rendering one still may take a whole day

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It's because they are rendering for

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Some very high quality, high resolution images

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So rendering takes a long time

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That's why even after completing the production

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They often miss the deadline due to rendering hours

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But for Unreal Engine

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Because it supports real-time rendering

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Following the production stage

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They can just render everything

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To get the final product

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Because this rendering technology allows for

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Checking for lighting and effects in real time

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This is a great software in terms of saving

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Production time by a lot

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And because Unreal Engine contains its own editing tools

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You can edit the video in real time

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For example, in the past production process

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One could only use the exported video after hours of rendering

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For editing tools such as Premiere

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Or After Effects for further editing

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But for Unreal Engine

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Because it has its own editing tool

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You can edit in real time to go over the content

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With these reasons

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Not only individuals, but also schools and companies

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Big or mid-scaled companies producing contents

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Many of them are using this software

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Of course, this isn't with the downsides

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For example, for live action VFX production

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The field isn't yet as widely used with the quality issue

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For example, many of us know about

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These animation production companies

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The Big Five, including Disney, Pixar, and DreamWorks

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Due to the low quality

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They are yet to be using Unreal Engine

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For their film rendering

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They are still using the old software, Maya

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Of course, for those that do not require as much quality, such as short animations or those for TV

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Many of them are using Unreal Engine

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But the case is not so for film companies

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Before the development of Unreal Engine

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Big companies have researched rigorously for real-time rendering

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But they are not yet in use with the quality issue

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And for animation production

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There is another inconvenient animating system

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For animation production, we require

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Immediate feedback for things such as poses

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Or knowing what keys are where

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But in using Unreal Engine

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Because all these aspects are in layers

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It is very difficult to find the exact layer

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So in checking for the animating part

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Though it gets better with getting used to the system

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Compared to other 3D softwares such as Maya or Max

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Checking for animating is much more inconvenient

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And rigging too, with Control Rig

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Animation part is done with the built-in rigging

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So there are many limiting points in realizing

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Poses are acts that animators actually want

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Therefore, rather than various kinds of animations

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Many that are produced are often rigid in movement

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That's why most companies only use it

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For lighting and rendering parts

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And for general animation work

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They still use the old software Maya

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And they transport that data

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To do lighting again at Unreal

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This is a rather complicated pipeline of work process as of now

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Next, here are some representative results

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The Voice in the Hollow

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Mave

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They are representative examples of

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Those that have successfully used Unreal

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And something very popular in Korea

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Is Yumi's Cells

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Yumi's Cells, with the rendering hours

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Also used Unreal Engine

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For animation, they used the old Maya

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Or other old softwares like so

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And for lighting and rendering

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They are using Unreal Engine

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And for all short works that have been released

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As well as an Academy winner for a short film

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Called War is Over

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Is also produced using Unreal Engine

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Another advantage of using Unreal Engine

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Is that it has various presets

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These assets and presets

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Are freely accessible within Unreal Engine

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Therefore, in production

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In decorating the background or the characters

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Using these assets can

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Reduce production time by a lot

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In the past, every single thing had to be made by hand

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But Unreal Engine publishes such presets and assets freely

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So anyone can access them

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Which allows for a one-man production

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Therefore, while this used to be a specialized field

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In terms of animation production

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Now it has become much easier for non-experts

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To try out in the animation production field

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Next, let me show you how to apply these

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By actually showing you Unreal Engine

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Here is Unreal Engine 5

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What you are seeing on the screen is

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The free assets I've downloaded from Unreal Engine Marketplace

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See how game-like this looks

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It has some characters as well

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If you have some animations, characters

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Or some movements

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You can easily make a short piece yourself

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Because, if you have an animation

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All you need to add to this is a camera

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Then it will work very quickly

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For you to make your own short piece in real time

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Let me briefly demonstrate how to make

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A short film

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First, at Unreal Engine, as I've told you

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You can edit and real-time render at the same time

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So these are editing tool features

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That are called sequencers at Unreal Engine

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Once you add a sequence

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You will be saving the sequence

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For example, let me make a master sequence

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After making this master sequence

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You get this window called Sequence

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And you get to add some shots here

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In order to add a shot

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You need to first create a track to add these shots

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Which is called a Shot Track, so go ahead and open one

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And now you get to add the shots

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Basically, in production, you need to know

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What a shot, scene, and a sequence is

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You need a prior understanding of each

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Before you jump into production

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So that you have a much better understanding of

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All these Unreal Engine terms

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So after creating a master shot

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Then now you get to actually create shots

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Starting with shot number one, two, three and four, and on

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So let's create shot one

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And then within the shot at the master sequence

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Add shot001 that we just made

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And now as you see, we have a time bar that looks like a film

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This is the length of that shot one

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And same thing here

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In order to continue with shot two, three, and on

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You can copy these shots and name them, like shot two

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And then continue on

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If shot one ends at 60 frame

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And shot two begins at 60

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You can either drag or use a hot key to snap shot one

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And piece the shots together in order to

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See a continuing video when you play it later

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Like so, adding a sequence

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Is followed by adding cameras for the shots

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As well as things such as characters and backgrounds

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So click on shot001

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And add the backgrounds, characters and cameras in this sequence

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For example, if I am to add characters

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Here are the characters

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And now we need some cameras

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So add one, and though I'm not adding any camera animation

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If you are to add an animation

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That would apply to shot one

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So for example, shot one describes the characters

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If this is the description shot

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There are other animation files that these characters have

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In order to add these animation files

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You can choose the animation file from this character's model and add it yourself

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See how it has been added

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Now, let me show you the animation

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Here we see the animation of the character standing up

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See how it's standing up

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And the advantage of this is, as I told you

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If your model has an animation information

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You can just add the animation to the model, like teaching actors

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After the actor has been taught to act

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Now you only need to use a camera to film that character

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So when this character here is standing up

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If we are to add some camera animation

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Add key to Transform

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And to describe, for instance

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Let's say there's a camerawork going around

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Something like this

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This camera animation is something very rough

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But you get to check in real time all these backgrounds, lighting, and character animations

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Just like you're a director of a live action film, moving the camera around

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You get to check in real time whether you like that composition for shot one

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Same thing, something like this

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Same with shot two, if you are to

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Work on this

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For example, let me add another animation

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Here it is, the character is collapsing

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Of course, it's rough work now; it doesn't connect to shot one

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But you get the idea of how these work

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So the important thing is, if we are filming for a movie

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For example, the director cues cut

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Meaning, simply put

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The camera is off, it is no longer running

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And then the camera moves to another position

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And then the camera is on again; that middle section

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That's what the cut means

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And same thing with this sequence work

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Having worked on shot one

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Means that the camera has been exhausted for shot one

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Therefore, in shot two

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You need to bring in a new camera, or bring it in again

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So in shot two, you can open another camera

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And do the camera animation just like in shot one

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For example

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Something like this

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Animation, and key

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Now the camera at shot two moves like this

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So, for example

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Let's check these shots at the master shot

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This is shot one, and then shot two

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Very simple

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In this sense, animation production

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Has become very simple

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If you don't like the camerawork here

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You can actually get into shot one and fix the camera

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In the past, you needed artists and experts for each of these processes

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But now you can make an animated work all by yourself

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Of course, for example

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If we are to add some music or sound

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Open Audio Track at Track

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And then connect the audio you'd like to add

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It's also in real time, you get to watch and hear

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It's like a combination of Maya and Premiere

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And for the shot transform that you need for video editing

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For example, dissolve

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Or black in, black out, or white in, white out

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These are the editing processes for a video

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And you can add them right at Unreal Engine Sequence

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Without having to export it to somewhere

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You can do that at Track again

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And you can add each as you like

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For example, let me add some fade in and fade out

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So I open Fade track

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And add the key here

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It begins with black

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And eventually

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The color disappears, video in

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And in the end, the color again

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Covers in black for the fade out

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So with this fade in and fade out track, let's play it

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Like this

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It's something Maya or Max does not support

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Which is production and editing simultaneously

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It is fascinating

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Of course, when you are using Unreal Engine

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You could use the backgrounds and

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Characters that others have created

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But in order to produce your own created animation

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Or your own original content

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The most important thing is to create something that hasn't existed before

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So for the backgrounds or the characters

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You do have to design them all by yourself

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But as I told you

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Once the background becomes very complicated

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It will be very challenging for you to create every single thing in there

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Same thing with the characters

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So you need to download from Marketplace

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And do your own quilting with the little aspects

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And for thoe Unreal Engine users

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We call it level design

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Which is a term often used in game production as well

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So after a good level design work

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And if you have also completed your character design

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You can merge all backbone parts or the rigging itself

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Then you could apply an animation motion capture info

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Or any animation file through other AI

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And apply them right to the character

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As you complete these animation motions

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You can create a whole video out of combining these parts

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So this software definitely saves time and money for production

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For example, how does Marketplace work?

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Unreal Engine is a software by Epic Games

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So go to Epic Game Launcher

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And click on Marketplace

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And we see a myriad of assets

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Some are free, some are not, there are a ton

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So for your own personal production

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You can search for free contents

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And there are a lot of great free contents

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That come as very useful

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So you can use these here

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If an asset is too complicated to create yourself

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You can buy one here

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Then you're buying for its copyright as well

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Which will reduce the production time by a lot

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That was Marketplace

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Or there's also Quixel Bridge, which is, let me open it

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It's very similar to Marketplace

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Marketplace has products uploaded by

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Other individual or corporate users using Unreal Engine

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While Quixel Bridge is the built-in

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Default specs within Unreal Engine

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For example, you can download all

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3D assets here and apply them for your project

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For example, this later connects to Metahuman

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So all the customized characters at MetaHuman Animation

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Can be imported to your projects

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You could import bits of assets for different parts

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Or you could import the entire system here

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You can go to surface, import a whole system

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So using all these

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Could allow you to complete various levels

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Prospect: Unreal Engine

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I have briefly introduced to you

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How Unreal Engine is used

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For video productions

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And let me share my own opinions as well as

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Many agreeing users' regarding its prospect

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This is a quote from a news article

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"Epic Games has released the status for"

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"Real-time comprehensive interactive 3D including last year’s achievements in the digital creative ecosystem"

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They prospect that there will be much more 3D content

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The number of Unreal Engine global monthly active users increased by

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An average of 23% compared to the previous year

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North America showed the biggest growth, an increase of around 40%

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Likewise, there is much more demand for Unreal Engine

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As well as much more actual uses

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Therefore in my opinion, a production environment using this real-time rendering technology

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Of Unreal Engine has become indispensible

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Of course, as I already told you

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There is a quality issue

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I have talked to my colleagues from the field

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How many companies are utilizing Unreal Engine

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And their answers were

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That most companies no longer use it

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Because of the quality issue

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However, compared to Hollywood production companies

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There are a lot of users in Korea

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As well as many companies who are proactively using the software

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Because, first of all, Unreal Engine

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Is a free content, a free software

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And compared to Hollywood, we require less of

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The quality of the production

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That's why a lot of Korean companies use it

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And as the real-time rendering improves in Unreal Engine

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I expect that Hollywood will one day actively use the program

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For now, this is optimal for animation production for

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TV series or YouTube contents

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So if you're studying into animation production

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Or if you're producing a short piece

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I recommend that you utilize this software

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However, I also advise that no one should be lazy

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Because in animation production

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What matters the most is the basic things

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Meaning, a tool is a tool, and nothing more

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However much the tool develops

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If you do not perfect the basis of each department within the production process

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It will become very tricky to apply it into the tool

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Therefore, rather than knowing the tool

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I consider knowing the foundation of the process

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As much more important

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There may be another engine other than Unreal Engine in release later

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And if you only know how to use a tool

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You will be required to study this yet another tool all over again

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Without your foundation in knowledge, you lose any merit once another tool is released

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That's why I consider knowing the foundation and practicing to

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Apply the tool are very important

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That's it for today, thank you

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1. Current Status of Animation Using Game Engines
More film and animation production companies are using game engines, and Unreal Engine is being widely used in animation production

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Advantages of Unreal Engine
Accessible (free download)
Real-time rendering technology- less rendering hours

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Real-time feedback on lighting and effects
Real-time editing using built-in editing tools
Presets and essets

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Disadvantages of Unreal Engine
Quality issue: not as much used in live action VFX movie production
Inconvenience in animating system

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2. How to: Unreal Engine
Create a shot using Shot Track
Add background, character, and camera within a sequence
Camera animation: Add key to transform, film the character with desired angle and composition

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Shot transform (e.g. dissolve) can be applied at sequence
Marketplace allows for various complicated background and characters
Quixel Bridge: built-in specs at Unreal Engine

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3. Prospects of Unreal Engine
Production environment using real-time rendering technology by Unreal Engine has become indispensable
Once real-time rendering technology develops more, Hollywood will proactively utilize it