Hello this is Min Park, director and CEO of Studio Cliff
In this lecture, I will teach you about storyboards and storyboard reel
It is also called pre-vis, which is English
It literally mean pre-visualization
So what the differences are
and what storyboard and storyboard reels are is what we'll talk about today
The concept of storyboard
First I'll tell you what storyboard is
through an example
What is storyboard
In animations, movies, ads, drama series and such
Same of pitching
When making a content, something that
lists the plot and information about the filming that is needed visually
I put it this way, a list
Storyboard has continuity
We called it the field, or also the site
It is also called 'conti' in the site
Conti is short of continuity
When we watch cartoons
or drama series, when they're near the end
there are things like 'see you in the next episode'
or expressions like 'to be continued'
This indicates continuity
and this is also what expresses storyboards
So in the field, we call it conti or storyboard
Or also pre-vis
They are basically all the same thing but
I'd like to tell you the exact terms and their roles
First, what is pre-vis
Pre-vis, previsualization, to be exact
is a short of previsualization
It literally means pre-visualization
It means exactly what it says
Then storyboards are also a pre-visual
that is, a scenario
Storyboard is made with scenario, script
It is drawing pictures, so it could be the first visualization
In fact, there are concept designers and character designers
and many parts visualizing
By part, or by mood
But what leads the storytelling of the movie
by working in terms of camera angle, continuity, cuts, scenes is the storyboard
So it is the same for pre-vis
but before, the term pre-vis wasn't used
So then why it is used now is since there are more 3D videography these days
We make dummies for 3D
Like dolls, or wooden dolls
Even without details on the face, we make many wooden dolls
with the characters being chubby or skinny, tall or short
They make dolls of the main characters of the movie
And with them, the animation is made until the end of the movie
And when a storyboard is made with the dolls
that is previsualization, storyboard
So usually, making storyboards using
3D works is called pre-vis
It is really not much different from storyboards
It's not different at all
The meaning is previsualization
and that there are not much differences
That it is used in these meanings in the industry
Is it wrong to call a pre-vis a storyboard? No
But what we worked on 3D and what we drew by hand in 2D
by hand drawing to make a storyboard
they seem a bit different
You need devices with the needed technology
By hand, you just need pencil and paper
So in that sense, to differentiate it from
what is made in 2D, this term was made
This is an LG ad, Jetson Family
Smart ThinkQ, an image ad
It was only aired in North America
And I was the general director of the storyboard
You can see here
It's an animation storyboard with the total running time of 2 minutes and 32 seconds
And storyboard artist
We don't say storyboarder
It's usually added 'er' to express a person who does something
But we don't say storyboarder and we say storyboard artist
And in animation movies or normal movies
there are exact terms for
each parts, like artist and director
What uses 'artist' is three parts
when making animation movie
There are storyboard artist, concept artist
and layout artist
These three parts use the term 'artist'
These are the only parts that use the word 'artist'
We are expecting this one panel
of layout will show on the screen like this
This is a storyboard that I made
for HD sie
This is a storyboard I wrote
You can see here, scene #1
-1, written here. The panel
These are all for scene #1, up to number 5
Panel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
It is a detailed sketch of the process of becoming an animation
Something like smoke or cloud passes by
And as that happens, the background that is the main component
The house that the main characters live appears
And the title Jetson Family appears
This is how the intro starts
Here you can see it saying picture
Here the cut numbers
and this is the page number
And then action, how it should be done
Dialog literally means the lines
Time means running time
How long this cut, this panel will last
is already determined in the storyboard
All these information about the camera, acting
and camera angles,
exposure, special effects, and running time
It's like an instruction with every information
or a blueprint
Storyboard is what is first visualized
after writing the scenario
Once you see this, you can imagine
how the movie will unfold and move
Look into the future
It starts with an English title like this
The process of selling a product
As I told you in the previous lecture
I showed you how to film the subject with a camera in A, B, C
Here, since again I'm the director,
I put scenes of two main characters looking at a monitor
and then having three main characters, with their side of their faces showing
I put my intentions of the directing by choosing this kind of scenes
Usually, storyboard artist
and director play separate roles
but like me, someone who does directing can make a storyboard
and someone who makes storyboards also does directing
Like this, here we have future world
So a new product appears
and the main character comes up and starts talking
I put the translation here since it was in English
Wow
Then the script, sound FX, like this
TV screen FX, things like this
CG FX, it's written here
Camera sliding focus
How the camera is going to move
is marked
It goes on like this
For example, this is a commercial movie
but I just put it here so that I can give you an example
This is a Disney animation, 'Lilo & Stitch'
It's a TV series made from a Disney animation
There's a famous Japanese animation studio called Mad House
The director there worked with Disney
When they came to Korea for the storyboard work
I was the director and this is what I had made
It was aired this way
You can see here, it's similar
It's usually not constrained in format horizontally or vertically
In the US they usually use horizontal
and in Korea and Japan
it seems that Vertical storyboards are preferred
But there are no set format
Here there are lines
'Please, stop now'
'Shut up little boy, get off me' When this line is said
On the part where it says 'P, please'
we can know the situation or the thoughts of the protagonist
He's desperate
He's asking desperately
And if you see here
the character saying 'shut up little boy, get off me' is
very angry now
Before anything is drawn on this storyboard panel
the situation is imagined with just the scenario and lines
So in what angle it will be filmed,
the angry face, and how the two characters and tangled to each other
and how they talk to each other imagined
is expressed through the drawings here
This becomes the storyboard
Here, it says 1 0
1 0, 2 06
This means, you might have heard of
films with 16 frames or 24 frames
Now we have 4K, 8K, 60P and everything
but the films that we used to see
the ones with a bunch of square holes
It means the number of the frames
24 of them becomes a second
You saw each cells
You know, using a projector and
rolling them all connected
That is film
In a role, they become a plate this big and they are also very thick
They are all singe cuts that are connected
that are then projected through a projector
One cell from that film is a frame
One frame
24 of those would be about this long
All that passing is 1 second
So here, is this scene 113?
113-2, -3, -4
There is up until -3, and it moves on to 114
The time until here, the length of number 113
is 1 second, it means
And 14 cuts
The cuts of #114
Panel 1, 2, 3 of 14
All these stories unfolding takes 3 seconds
That's what this marks
It is all already set in the storyboard
It is quite different from movie storyboards
It is very detailed and all the angles are predetermined
So animation storyboards are
something that has all the directing in it
and the editings as well, almost
Like this, real life movies and animation storyboards have differences
This is how it works
Lilo & Stitch, the drawings are pretty similar
Not exactly the same
It doesn't have to be identical, you just need to tell
More roughly
circles or before, there were characters we made
out of wires
Stick man, something like that
Like that, even just a
circle and lines, if you can tell what it is, it's good
Camera angles or movements, what actions there are,
even if they are drawn very roughly, they are people
that worked in the industry for long enough to understand them
so they understand with the layout
This is the form that I use
I told you before
Here there's a cross, and there are dotted lines and full lines
Here there are many rectanlges
Where the center of the screen is
In cameras, or when we take photos or videos with our phones
there are indication lines, right?
Where the center is and where the side is
The format may be a little different
but it let's you guess where the center is
and where the ends are
The dotted lines here, animations aren't
filming actors acting
It is drawing acting and putting that into screens
So when drawing the pictures, to ensure that it isn't cut off
It's the field guide that tells you to draw over the ending lines
It marks these
If you draw
the picture only up to the dotted lines?
Wherever it be, a theater or a TV,
the picture will be cut off at the right edge, like it's unfinished
So it's a mark that tells you to draw enough over this point
and there are lines on the left and right
This is, in art class we use our hands
to draw a cross and think about the perspective
You might have heard of the golden ratio
There is the best spot
where the space, that cut, in the rectangular TV screen
the stability is maximized and the viewer is most comfortable
Or deliberately making them intense
to created tension
It is about these ratio in the screen
It is telling us to draw the pictures where most of the actions
are acted out in here, when making the storyboard
If a face is cut off in the corner here
it seems weird
So it's saying don't draw it and express it like that
but be sure to but the character inside the dotted lines
and make them move or do something
I told you here, action, dialog, and running time
And here, the page
You have to write the page number
Because there are a lot of storyboards
60-70 pages, it can go over 100 pages
Longer ones could reach 200-300 pages
Then if a page is gone from the middle of the storyboard, you can't find it
It can be hard to figure out where to put that
So you have to make sure to write the page numbers
You could find it with the scene numebrs but
This, how to make a storyboard
Giving examples is
one of the best way to teach right
I made a VR animation
made with hand drawn 2D pictures
called 'Latte Artist' last year
It is still on tour in the international film festival
It was one over 15 awards in the festival
So this is a part of the scenario of the work that was in the film festival and
was aired in many countries
Here, the scenario goes like this
Scene #1, inside a dark cafe
You can see the place and the surrounding environment
Morning, the time
Outside, it's sunny
The door opens and a man comes in with a scooter
The lights turn on in the hall, it's talking about the space that he's entering
He turns on the lights and puts an apron on
Turning on the coffee machine, grinder, and the water boiler
Sihyun moves busily in the bar
It seems like the first character is Sihyun
Second, in the cafe, in the morning
Loud coffee grinder noises, coffee machine sounds
Sihyun brewing coffee
Here, the mornings are connected inside the cafe
Continuity, that is the basics of storyboards
I told you just before, continuity
And then narration starts in scene #2
It is said cut or also scene
but they are clearly different
Cuts together compose scenes
like chasing scenes, action scenes,
explosion scene, love scene, many
Those scenes are a group of cuts
with the same topic
Separating scenes is not
exact or clear like math
It's a very long story but
I'll just call them scenes to make the explanation easy
Narration, 'the first thing to do after opening the cafe is
setting the grinding size of the coffee beans'
With the narration of what the main character is saying
the screen will show him making coffee and doing other stuff
So like a third person perspective
even though the main character isn't talking
the narration keeps playing here
So these situations, by seeing the scenario
we imagine it in our heads
'Coffee beans are very sensitive to humidity so if the environment is humid
it absorbs the moisture in the air and due to the oil in the coffee beans
espresso brewing is slowed down'
It is something very professional right?
He's a barista, I get that
but he's talking about how to use the equipment
to brew espresso
and how to grind the coffee beans
and inside, it would be inside the cafe in this case,
according to whether it's summer or winter time
by how humid it is
he needs to set the right grinding size, he's speaking in great details
'On the other side, if it's dry, the brewing is quick
Due to this characteristic of coffee beans, to keep the
espresso flavor consistent,
I have to change the grinding size several times a day'
Seems like it's something very important right?
Something that a good barista must do
So these things are written in the narration
'I am a barista'
Now this is separated
It's saying that the scene is changing
Looking at this scenario, people who make storyboards will imagine
In the beginning, he enters a cafe where the lights are off
Then should the camera film from the outside or the inside?
It should be facing the cafe entrance from the inside
So with the main character entering, the space lights up
and when he comes inside and turns the lights on, it gets even brighter
These situations will be in their minds
They will also imagine the character in the bar
There are no people yet since he's getting ready to open
So he opens the cafe doors
in the morning and set the grinding size
blah blah, it continues
They will think about how to draw these in their heads right?
So it will have to show a very
professional, and someone that is familiar with the machines
So wide, when we say side it means
the whole body of the character is showing
So rather than filming it in wide,
with the camera up close, showing the barista's hand
or his face, how he's handling the equipment will be
more effective, in my thoughts
If I were the storyboard artist, I would put these scenes
So I'll show you how we work with this
scenario of about half a page
Let's see
He's trying coffee
It's showing tasting coffee and evaluating the test
and working with the machines
that is, showing the process in the end rather than in the beginning
So the inside of the cafe is zoomed out
It is also called truck back
There are varioius terms for zoom out
The vocabulary for real life movies and animations' camera working are a bit different
but they all mean the same
The camera was zoomed in
filming the coffee machine on the side and
his upper body shot drinking coffee
and then the camera zooms out to show the cafe
the whole space
and like that, the title is shown
The title 'Espresso'
Here, 'Sihyun tasting the coffee.
Looks out the window with a satisfied look'
This is will be
cut that comes after him setting the grinding size
This is will be his action after getting the right grinding size
And then 'I am a barista'
This becomes the intro
'Zoom out through the glass'
'The camera moves backwards' this will be the special effects
Slowing down, title logo
The whole cafe and the street showing
with the title
Like this, through imagination and putting directing intentions
camera work is added
and with the right eye level, a storyboard is made
You saw the scenario right
It's an actual movie
He got the grinding size set, and talk about how humidity matters for coffee and everything
From that process,
until before the title comes up, part of the storyboard,
we'll see how that's filmed
He's doing latte art
'I am a barista'
He's tasting it
It said that the camera would zoom out
The camera moves back
I don't know if he's satisfied but
it's showing the cafe
Going further back
It shows where this is
Giving more information
There's a tree
A car passes by, it's in front of a road
We can gather these information
The director gives only this amount of information
Where this cafe is,
and what buildings are around it ins't shown yet
It's considered unnecessary
How is it, from the storyboard
what we draw by looking at the scenario and imagining it into a storyboard
and the actual filmed footage are very similar
When imagination becomes realized
there must not be no disassociation, that is what storyboard is
The need of storyboard and understanding storyboard reel
I just showed you what a storyboard is
how it's made and what is needed
in the process through an example
But why is this storyboard needed?
This will be important as well
Isn't it okay to film without a storyboard?
I have the scenario, I can film him drinking coffee
then go back, I'll put the narrations afterwards once the recording is done
Won't it be okay to just film what's needed?
You could think this way
Then why is a storyboard needed at all?
You might ask this question
I'll tell you why it's needed now
It easily explains the overall flow like
the plot or the screen visually
What did I say this was?
I tolt you that this is pre-visualization
With what's written in the scenario
through drawings that we can understand
what movements would be there once it's turned into a movie
It's illustrations
The drawings let us know
no matter if it's a real life movie or an animation
that this will move this way and that will connect that
If we didn't predetermine this
we have to contemplate if we should film it
from here or there at the site
There will be many opinions
you have to decided at each moments
Then how much time would that take?
If you were going to film from here but switch to there
the whole setting needs to change
It takes a lot of time
So before, settling on a time schedule
and what we'll film and the angles,
if it's difficult to film how it was decided in the storyboard at the site
you can improvise and try filming it
as identical as you can without breaking the flow
You can plan on the filming schedule plans or the production cost
If the location, the location that becomes the background
is a cafe, then you'll book a cafe
You'll have to find a cafe
that looks the closest to the one in the storyboard
You have to book a place
Tell them that you'll
film this and that from this time to that time
We can plan like this
and then according to when we can use the cafe
we can plan the schedule according to when the cafe is closed
Once we decided that we'll film on the day the cafe is closed
the actors and staffs will also see if they can film that day
For animations, that doesn't happen
In the case of animations,
they will ask
if a real cafe can be used in a movie
and sketch the cafe and its surroundings
That's some of the differences
Each parts' communication in the production, this is very important
You can't give out the scenario
to all the staffs
I was the general director for the Batman animation series
for Warner Brothers for quite a long time
For one show that's 20 minutes long
has a 250-400 people production team
I don't know who does what
There are more than 5-6 directors
Then, the way of communicating is the storyboard
Giving out the storyboard to the directors, we decided the parts
Then where those parts connect, since the directors are different,
it might have a bit of a different nuance or vibe
So the general director smooths that out
Why this scene moves like this
and why the next scene must have this
For example if I'm holding an equipment on my right hand here
and the scene, the sequence ends there
and the next sequence is done by another director
I have to be holding this equipment on my right hand
and not the left hand
So continuity is very important
I have to be holding it on my right hand, I can't put it down either
unless the plot suggests that I put it down,
if the scenes are continuous, I must be holding it
There must be a scene where I put it down
or move it from my right hand to the left hand to do otherwise
And storyboard, as I told you before
is already edited to an extent
There is the running time, the camera angle,
everything is there including the lines
So it is already edited quite a bit
It makes the editing very much easier
And through this process
without any useless filming or wasted time
the filming can be done very quickly, at once
The filming time means the cost
The production cost is very important
Renting a car, booking a place
and a lot of staffs come along with the actors
In the case of animations
the same situation is made by drawing
Recreating the same situation,
if there is a storyboard, with the exact layout
it is drawn out based on the storyboard
on top of that
but if there isn't one, a lot of people
need to actaully go to the place and sketch and and then draw it
It's not an easy job
It gathers everything into one and makes a sort of an instruction
Obviously costs will be cut and it will take less time
This is a very important factor
So the reason why a storyboard is needed
That's the main reason, there are more apart from that
But the most imortant one is this
This is a part of the storyboard of a work
hat had combined real life and animation for Pyeongchang Olymics
This is a storyboard that I made for each panels and frames
The characteristic of this media was, there were both animations and real life footages,
it's a 16m wide screen that's 4m high
And this panel is in 4K
We say high resolution TVs like 8K and 4K
This was 4K,
4K, 4K, so 12K resolution in total
Here
zooming out from the picture here
you can see an office desk and a phone
These are made in a storyboard
So here, 'Dissolved from scene #4'
Dissolve is a camera term
It refers to a cut switching to another one
with them overlaying
It's a camerawork term using exposure
So Dowon seems to be the main character
It switches to the frame on Dowon's desk
The switch from the screen before to the next one is explained
Telling to zoom out for 2 seconds
Here are black screens
'Notification sound from the phone and the screen effect
KTX booking notification' you can see this phone here
We're trying to express the part the booking getting done here
This is a storyboard made from a scenario
And this was expressed like this in the actual footage
There were more here on the sides but I just cut them off since they were black
How is this? Seems very similar right?
It was a desktop but here it's a laptop
Those differences? There's another desktop here
It's very similar to a desk we work on
The important part is the phone
Here, the phone was in the corner
but here it's in the center
And the photo of the main character raising his arms
This, we filmed at a skating rink
This was how the actual footage was made
I'm showing just a few as examples
This is a KTX train departing, what I imagined
since I wrote the scenario
I thought it would be nice to have some depth in the
KTX departing
Then it would
look like an arrow flying out, something like that?
KTX are fast and goes a long way in a short time
So to express that speed or the technology
I drew it by imagining
Of course I use the information about how the station looks
It's hard to film a train departing and draw it on that
but I wanted to put a scene like this
Its running time is 12seconds
'KTX departing', I wanted to film the exact moment it leaves
But we can't just rent a KTX train
And the announcements will come out as narrations
which can be recorded afterwards
This storyboards filmed in real life looks like this
It was impossible to film exactly like the storyboard
We used 3 4K cameras
There were walls
between the camera and the subject
to be filmed which is the KTX train that we can't go through
So we could only film like this
But if we filmed an animation with this storyboard
then we'd be able to go through the walls
We can draw it exactly like this
This is a very important difference between real life and animation movies
Animations don't have limits
It can express exactly what the storyboard shows
If this angle or the perspective is right,
which it is,
it can be made more detailed
and be added animation movements
but this was how the real life film was done
This is an arena
It's an ice rink arena
When filming this in real life, it was done like this
There are some technological limitations in the like the angle of view
This is what I showed you the scenario of,
the beginning of the storyboard of the animation 'Latte Artist'
You can see the inside of the cafe
You saw the storyboard and the scenrio
With the door opening, the lights turn on
He comes in to turn the lights on
Then he comes to the bar and gets ready
It said that he turns on the coffee machine
He turns it on and puts coffee beans in
and checks on the machine and takes the steam out and everything
Everything in the scenrio is in here
There you could see him testing
water going through the portafilter and the machine noises
I said that these professional things,
the detailed explanations
would look good as inserts filmed close up
with short viewing angle that shows less of the surrounding
Like this, showing only the hand close up
or just one equipment, or only his upper body
I expressed it with a lot of close ups
So professionally and rhythmically
without looking awkward or clumsy
creating a continued scene
This was imagined and drawn after seeing the scenario
You can see the cafe
and there's a scene of him brewing coffee
He does latte art and people come in
and it closes up on the coffee with the latte art
Then it closes up to the character's face
then it moves out
to show a wide screen showing the girl main character
These flows and all the information here
The lines, how the music will be and
how the machine noise will be
These information to make a movie
I told you in the directing lecture
With every element included
everything used to achieve the goaland intention of the direcotr
is the information in the storyboard
Storyboard is important
This alone does everything
It is much clearer than making notes
With previsualization, you can film if
an angle is good or not in the actual site
THis is how it's done
This is the real screen
It's a VR animation
so the screen is a bit distorted
You know the thing you put on your head
VR uses something like thick glasses
It's a device called HMD that let's you
enter the virtual reality
Once you put this on, in this exact coffee shop,
you can be next to this character
and see the coffee machine and the inside of the cafe is
seen without distortion is real life sizes
This is the actual screen I screeshot
The scenes in the storyboard are expressed like this
Where you put the portafilter in the machine
That's what this is showing
He is steaming the coffee
and him doing the latte art
These scenes have only the hands close up
filming it focused on the glass
If you watch this on VR you can only see the arms
so it looks like a scene where you are doing the latte art yourself
It looks like you're doing it
This is also a scene following the directing intention
Here, the walls all look distorted
but it actually looks like a cafe
I brought a still cut
In the movie, as I intended
he gives you the coffee that you ordered in a cup
It looks like he's actually handing it to me
with depth in the screen
This will be the last scene in the storyboard
where he says 'here's your coffee'
Third is storyboard reel
I talked about reels
Storyboard and storyboard reel
Previsualization
Storyboard reel explains something
Storyboard reel is literally storyboard and reel
Reel refers to something round that rotates
Before I told you about films
The this that spins is the reel
You could think of wheels
Each sheets of drawings of the storyboard
is continuously connected into a video
That is a storyboard reel
It’s also called animation reels
or animatics
Making a reel to see how an
animation moves and to see the timing of it
is also called animation reels
Storyboard reel and animation reel do have differences
but it’s not wrong to call them together
But we call them storyboard reel
or animatics
In animation reels there could be the original filming using the original drawings
and also once the movements are made
without colors
the video with all the movements
to check all the created movements
And that’s movement filming
It’s only looking at the movements of the animation
There are those differences
Reel, animatics, these all have
the meaning of a totating video, a reel
This is, before funding, on an IPad
There’s a website where you can download for free or with paying
music or stuff online
So this is what I rouchly drew the storyboard
into a reel, using my voice
on a MacBook, recording it and doing some simple editing
and sent to the production company
I made a part of what I thought the movie
would unfold like and the vibe of it
So it doesn’t have clear lines
nor did the actual protagonist record the voices
Sound, post production we say
It doesn’t have the detailed sound effects
or the machine noises and such
Something that’s made bery simple and short
That’s an animatics, a storyboard reel
Let’s take a look
I like it when people enjoy my coffee
I grind the coffee beans and brew espresso
And make latte pouring steaming in
In a storyboard reel, you can imagine the movement
The scene where he makes coffee and the latte art
Where he gives the coffee to the customer
I showed them all before
The day I saw her with a huge smile
was a very rainy day
Compared to when there were only drawings
the camera is moving and the screen is switching and there are lines
Also the sound effects, it’s different
These videos are made with still drawings
but you can imagine how the movement will turn out to be
Everytime she orders latte art
what’s on the glass of coffee
Like this, when the screen is separated to show thr coffees
You can guess that it’ll be like
Her joyful face after seeing the latte art I made
does not leave my mind
This will be a scene where he drinks warm coffee
I find myself waiting for her
I made a video from the scenario
Although there are no moving pictures
if it feels like it is moving
that means previsualization has been turned into a video
After precvisualization and illustration, it’s turned into a video
You can think that this scene of brewing coffee
keeps moving
Animatics, a storyboard reel is
made from a scenario
after drawing a storyboard
and into a video, a simple video without movements
But it looks like it’s moving
with continuity, the cuts and scenes where connected
Here, music is put in and sound effects are put in
and then narration lines were put in
Human voices
Although it is rough
We call it rough sketch when we draw crosses
and circles first when drawing a human
This is like that
And here, the sound as well
it will be called the final output
We’re not using the sounds of the final video
But in the planning stage
when we look at this storyboard reel
we can know that it will be
something like this
This is a tiny portion of it
And this line could be put in as it is
or cut out, or just a part of it could be used
Turning the overall previsualization into a video
the perspective of this video, the camera angles, atmosphere, vibes,
what will be the point,
many information is put in and thought about
And also how much the costs will be,
how long the filming will take and how much people we need,
it will cost about this much,
these things can be planned
So it’s saving time
and saving time means the production period is shortened
What does shortened production mean?
It means lower production cost
So storyboard is pre-production
The most important starting point, the instruction in the planning stage
A document, an illustration, a video made with drawings
I will wrap up today’s lecture here
1. The concept of storyboards What is a storyboard? A visual list of the plot and information about the filming that is needed
It leads the storytelling and works with continuity with camera angles, cuts, and scenes When the imagination is realized, there must be no disassociation
Storyboard form An instruction with everything from page numebr, cut number, script, dialog, camera angles, exposure, special effects, and running time It must include the production intentions and editing
2. The need of storyboard and understanding storyboard reel Easily explains the overall flow like the plot or the screen composition visually Planning production cost and filming schedule
Communication between each parts in production Easier editing Cutting production period and costs Storyboard reel Connecting each drawings of the storyboard to make a video
The lines and sound effects are simplified to show the atmostphere of the movie and parts of the flow Movements can be imagined with the camera movement, lines, and sound effects despite it being still cuts