WEBVTT 1 00:00:05.396 --> 00:00:09.020 Realistic Basics The industry and trend of Realistic Contents 2 00:00:09.020 --> 00:00:11.743 GCC Academy 3 00:00:11.743 --> 00:00:15.043 Learning Goals Can explain the history of 3D solids Can explain the mechanism of 3D solid formation and its technical factors Can explain the instances of contents in which 3D solids were applied 4 00:00:15.043 --> 00:00:18.327 Learning Contents History of 3D solids Mechanism of formation and the technical factors of 3D solids Examples of 3D solids application 5 00:00:18.752 --> 00:00:21.052 CEO Jiwon Jeong Career: Current director of T.OZ Former director of WYSIWYG STUDIOS General Manager of TaekwonV VR for Lotte World General Manager of GyeonggiVR AR for Gyeonggi Content Agency 6 00:00:21.052 --> 00:00:23.317 General Manager of Realistic Video for Jeju National Museum General Manager of Realistic Content Production for Sokcho City Museum 7 00:00:23.739 --> 00:00:26.600 I am Jeong Jiwon, here for the lecture of Realistic Contents 8 00:00:26.600 --> 00:00:32.840 During this time, out of Realistic Contents, we are going to explore the history of 3D solids 9 00:00:32.840 --> 00:00:39.200 We are going to explore the history of 3D solids and the means of forming them, as well as the technical aspects 10 00:00:39.200 --> 00:00:46.400 Then, we are going to explore the factors that cause stereoscopic effect, as well as the mechanism and techniques 11 00:00:46.400 --> 00:00:49.178 I'm going to talk about solids because 12 00:00:49.178 --> 00:00:55.520 solids were the initial part of realistic contents 13 00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:59.498 This is because it's the first thing we experience visually 14 00:00:59.498 --> 00:01:03.000 It's important that we perceive something as a solid 15 00:01:03.000 --> 00:01:09.720 Since it's important for the content to show how far or how close an object is, 16 00:01:09.720 --> 00:01:14.170 out of the realistic contents, 3D solids were the visual part 17 00:01:14.170 --> 00:01:18.599 that triggered our curiosity. 18 00:01:18.599 --> 00:01:25.312 So out of the 3D objects in realistic contents, we are going to talk about the factors and techniques that give this stereoscopic effect 19 00:01:25.312 --> 00:01:30.599 and talk about the examples in which these factors were applied. 20 00:01:31.784 --> 00:01:35.844 History of 3D solids 21 00:01:35.844 --> 00:01:41.199 3D solids are what express movement 22 00:01:41.199 --> 00:01:47.599 It was formed in order to create movement and make images come alive 23 00:01:47.599 --> 00:01:50.175 In order to observe the history of 3D solids, 24 00:01:50.175 --> 00:01:55.879 We can see that still images were animated by being transformed into videos 25 00:01:55.879 --> 00:01:59.279 These desires existed since a while ago. 26 00:01:59.279 --> 00:02:06.199 So in 1646, Athanasius Kircher, the German priest, 27 00:02:06.199 --> 00:02:11.679 used a candle lantern in order to make an image look bigger. 28 00:02:11.679 --> 00:02:14.360 You can say that this is a form of magic lantern 29 00:02:14.360 --> 00:02:23.039 In order for priests to deliver a message widely to the public, 30 00:02:23.039 --> 00:02:25.479 they needed a more dramatic effect. 31 00:02:25.479 --> 00:02:30.720 Therefore, in terms of this, using the effects of shadows to show an object 32 00:02:30.720 --> 00:02:35.720 makes the objects look bigger than they actually are. 33 00:02:35.720 --> 00:02:43.716 They had a desire to effectively deliver the message using these techniques 34 00:02:43.716 --> 00:02:48.694 And in 1825, Paris and Mark Roget 35 00:02:48.694 --> 00:02:51.080 made something called Thaumatrope. 36 00:02:51.080 --> 00:02:58.119 What this is, is that there are two images on either side of a card, and by quickly flipping this back and forth, 37 00:02:58.119 --> 00:03:01.720 the two images appear like one image due to Persistance of Vision. 38 00:03:01.720 --> 00:03:09.000 Through things like these, making a still image into a moving image 39 00:03:09.000 --> 00:03:14.119 has been developed through the works of many people since long ago. 40 00:03:14.119 --> 00:03:20.240 In 1832, Joseph Plateau made something called Phenakistoscope 41 00:03:20.240 --> 00:03:23.520 He made Phenakistoscope, and what this is, is that 42 00:03:23.520 --> 00:03:26.119 there are repetitive images drawn on a circle 43 00:03:26.119 --> 00:03:30.039 Draw the pictures on a circle, and spin this while reflecting it on a mirror 44 00:03:30.039 --> 00:03:35.240 If it's spun while being reflected on a mirror, the gap makes it look like these images are moving. 45 00:03:35.240 --> 00:03:38.039 What you guys can probably see a lot 46 00:03:38.039 --> 00:03:43.440 is if you go to an animation museum or an animation-related exhibition, 47 00:03:43.440 --> 00:03:45.360 there are probably a lot of Phenakistoscopes. 48 00:03:45.360 --> 00:03:48.000 So if you look at them, the circles spin 49 00:03:48.000 --> 00:03:53.279 The spinning makes it seem like the video is animated. 50 00:03:53.279 --> 00:03:58.759 In 1833, William Horner makes something called zoetrope. 51 00:03:58.759 --> 00:04:02.639 This zoetrope spins a cylinder, and you look between the gaps. 52 00:04:02.639 --> 00:04:07.440 You look through the gaps, and in each gap, the separate images merge into one. 53 00:04:07.440 --> 00:04:11.119 between the gaps, the images flicker 54 00:04:11.119 --> 00:04:16.640 Though this flickering, they make the images look like a video 55 00:04:16.640 --> 00:04:21.119 Praxinoscope is a more developed version of Zoetrope 56 00:04:21.119 --> 00:04:25.519 This was made by Emile Reynaud in 1877. 57 00:04:25.519 --> 00:04:29.640 Praxinoscope is zoetrope with a mirror in the middle 58 00:04:29.640 --> 00:04:35.320 Through the mirror, the passing images are sequentially reflected 59 00:04:35.320 --> 00:04:38.462 By doing this, compared to the zoetrope, it is more comfortable 60 00:04:38.462 --> 00:04:41.959 to view the moving images. 61 00:04:41.959 --> 00:04:48.000 Recently, we often use smartphones to take pictures 62 00:04:48.000 --> 00:04:50.799 Before, there was digital camera 63 00:04:50.799 --> 00:04:53.839 But even before that, there was film camera. 64 00:04:53.839 --> 00:04:56.679 Some of you may know, 65 00:04:56.679 --> 00:04:58.440 Some of you may not 66 00:04:58.440 --> 00:05:04.160 This film camera was used to take still pictures 67 00:05:04.160 --> 00:05:05.880 as well as movies 68 00:05:05.880 --> 00:05:10.119 In 1888, George Eastman 69 00:05:10.119 --> 00:05:14.959 released a film-included Kodak camera that contains 100 films 70 00:05:14.959 --> 00:05:17.320 Many of you have probably heard of Kodak film 71 00:05:17.320 --> 00:05:19.600 He is very famous 72 00:05:19.600 --> 00:05:24.040 Using this film-containing camera made by George Eastman, 73 00:05:24.040 --> 00:05:25.729 they had to show something 74 00:05:25.729 --> 00:05:29.079 In order to show something, in 1893, 75 00:05:29.079 --> 00:05:32.040 Edison makes something called Kinetograph. 76 00:05:32.040 --> 00:05:36.720 Kinetograph uses George Eastman's film 77 00:05:36.720 --> 00:05:40.239 than allows an individual to view a video 78 00:05:40.239 --> 00:05:44.279 As for this, it was made to view indoors 79 00:05:44.279 --> 00:05:48.519 And back then, it was made usually for the viewing of sports videos 80 00:05:48.519 --> 00:05:53.040 It's a very big machine, and one person can view it 81 00:05:53.040 --> 00:05:57.959 Inside, it's made possible for many films to move 82 00:05:57.959 --> 00:06:01.399 Also, as many of you know, in 1895, 83 00:06:01.399 --> 00:06:04.200 thehe Lumière brothers made cinematograph, 84 00:06:04.200 --> 00:06:08.440 film made for movie shooting. 85 00:06:08.440 --> 00:06:12.239 As techniques improved for making still images into videos, 86 00:06:12.239 --> 00:06:14.880 people began to have more interest in 87 00:06:14.880 --> 00:06:17.559 the concept of solids. 88 00:06:17.559 --> 00:06:23.880 Before, 2D images such as pictures and drawings 89 00:06:23.880 --> 00:06:27.239 were restored as-is 90 00:06:27.239 --> 00:06:29.519 and recorded accordingly 91 00:06:29.519 --> 00:06:32.760 But afterwards, since moving images were formed, 92 00:06:32.760 --> 00:06:36.519 they wanted to express this in a stereoscopic way 93 00:06:36.519 --> 00:06:40.600 We wanted to feel the stereoscopy visually as well 94 00:06:40.600 --> 00:06:43.399 So there are desires for visual performance 95 00:06:43.399 --> 00:06:48.559 Because of this, 3D, 3-Demensions are created 96 00:06:48.559 --> 00:06:52.279 Something that can easily be confused about 3D is 97 00:06:52.279 --> 00:06:55.320 3D Stereoscopic and just 3D. 98 00:06:55.320 --> 00:06:57.959 3D is made with the techniques of computer graphics 99 00:06:57.959 --> 00:07:01.920 It refers to the 3D character and 3D environment 100 00:07:01.920 --> 00:07:04.600 3D stereoscopic is through the screen 101 00:07:04.600 --> 00:07:08.160 It's a dimensional movie that can make you feel a sense of presence and depth. 102 00:07:08.160 --> 00:07:14.000 In 1838, Charles Wheatstone makes the Mirror Stereoscope 103 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:16.720 You have probably seen this Mirror Stereoscope a lot. 104 00:07:16.720 --> 00:07:20.200 By showing two images on two mirrors placed in different angles, 105 00:07:20.200 --> 00:07:23.959 we feel a stereoscopic effect. 106 00:07:23.959 --> 00:07:27.679 In 1856, they used lens instead of mirrors 107 00:07:27.679 --> 00:07:30.519 and this is called Lenticular Stereoscope. 108 00:07:30.519 --> 00:07:34.200 Then in 1889, the Mirror Stereoscope is implemented into movies 109 00:07:34.200 --> 00:07:37.279 and this is the first experiment. 110 00:07:37.279 --> 00:07:39.440 Then, the Lumière brothers' 111 00:07:39.440 --> 00:07:44.320 This was screened in 1903, in a stereoscopic way. 112 00:07:44.320 --> 00:07:48.119 There's also something called Paris Exposition 113 00:07:48.119 --> 00:07:50.920 In 1900, at the Paris Exposition, 114 00:07:50.920 --> 00:07:54.040 Video using the method of anaglyph 3D was first introduced. 115 00:07:54.040 --> 00:07:58.000 We view stereoscopy as 116 00:07:58.000 --> 00:07:59.880 something that was made recently 117 00:07:59.880 --> 00:08:04.079 but the concept started before 1900 118 00:08:04.079 --> 00:08:07.359 The fact that they even tried stereoscopy in 1900 119 00:08:07.359 --> 00:08:11.519 shows that there's a long history to it 120 00:08:11.519 --> 00:08:16.079 In 1922, the very first commercial 3D movie came out 121 00:08:16.079 --> 00:08:19.040 The title of this movie is 122 00:08:19.040 --> 00:08:22.040 It's recorded as the first commercial 3D movie 123 00:08:22.040 --> 00:08:25.760 but achievements have not been that great. 124 00:08:25.760 --> 00:08:29.320 Now you can see the methods in which 3D solids are formed 125 00:08:29.320 --> 00:08:31.760 When you see a 3D solid, 126 00:08:31.760 --> 00:08:35.799 There's the anaglyph method, which uses red and blue 127 00:08:35.799 --> 00:08:38.719 It was invented in 1850 128 00:08:38.719 --> 00:08:40.479 You probably have seen it the most 129 00:08:40.479 --> 00:08:45.960 They're 3D glasses made of red and blue celluloid film 130 00:08:45.960 --> 00:08:48.960 These glasses give the stereoscopic effect 131 00:08:48.960 --> 00:08:51.880 It's a form of expressing 3D videos 132 00:08:51.880 --> 00:08:55.039 Red and blue, the anaglyph method is the very first 133 00:08:55.039 --> 00:08:59.599 method of expressing a 3-dimensional movie 134 00:08:59.599 --> 00:09:02.239 1950 is the peak of stereoscopic movies 135 00:09:02.239 --> 00:09:06.119 This is because in the 1950s and the 1960s, the TV comes in 136 00:09:06.119 --> 00:09:10.239 Before the TV came in, everyone watched videos 137 00:09:10.239 --> 00:09:12.679 and all in the movie theaters. 138 00:09:12.679 --> 00:09:16.799 But after the TV came in, people stopped watching movies 139 00:09:16.799 --> 00:09:21.080 Because before, they could only get the visual experience in the theaters 140 00:09:21.080 --> 00:09:23.799 But after the TV using cathode ray tube came in, 141 00:09:23.799 --> 00:09:26.479 they were able to have new visual experience. 142 00:09:26.479 --> 00:09:29.479 Because of this, the content creators 143 00:09:29.479 --> 00:09:33.159 thought about things that can give an even newer visual experience 144 00:09:33.159 --> 00:09:35.080 and what they came up with was 3D movies. 145 00:09:35.080 --> 00:09:39.239 Since these 3D movies had to be shown in theaters, 146 00:09:39.239 --> 00:09:43.400 there came about more filming techniques related to 3D movies. 147 00:09:43.400 --> 00:09:49.239 In 1952, Director Arch Oboler - the name is a bit hard to pronounce - 148 00:09:49.239 --> 00:09:54.239 made the first long movie suing polarized color, called Bwana Devil 149 00:09:54.239 --> 00:09:57.080 After this movie came out, many people 150 00:09:57.080 --> 00:10:00.239 were able to feel the stereoscopy that they couldn't feel through TV 151 00:10:00.239 --> 00:10:03.400 so they go crazy over this 3D effect. 152 00:10:03.400 --> 00:10:06.479 In 1980, the movie Jaws comes out 153 00:10:06.479 --> 00:10:11.039 Jaws is a movie where the shark is the main character 154 00:10:11.039 --> 00:10:13.679 It was a movie made by Steven Spielberg 155 00:10:13.679 --> 00:10:17.119 This movie was very successful 156 00:10:17.119 --> 00:10:21.380 And in order for producers to make it even more successful, 157 00:10:21.380 --> 00:10:25.000 They re-processed it into 3D and released it again 158 00:10:25.000 --> 00:10:27.239 But the results were not very good 159 00:10:27.239 --> 00:10:32.559 It's because in order to convert a video taken by a single camera into a 3D video, 160 00:10:32.559 --> 00:10:35.520 They have to separate one image into two 161 00:10:35.520 --> 00:10:39.799 And during the process of combining the images, the quality of the video may drop 162 00:10:39.799 --> 00:10:43.440 Also, when you actually watch it, you don't feel the stereoscope 163 00:10:43.440 --> 00:10:48.000 You may rather feel motion sickness and dizziness as side effects 164 00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:51.239 Successful movies that were filmed with single cameras 165 00:10:51.239 --> 00:10:54.960 gradually stop to be re-produced as 3D movies. 166 00:10:54.960 --> 00:10:58.080 However, the actual successful areas are 167 00:10:58.080 --> 00:11:02.400 the special theaters such as in theme parks and IMAX 168 00:11:02.400 --> 00:11:06.200 3D movies became very popular there. 169 00:11:06.200 --> 00:11:08.400 The thing with 3D movies is that 170 00:11:08.400 --> 00:11:11.919 if you watch it in bigger theaters like IMAX, 171 00:11:11.919 --> 00:11:14.440 visually, for the IMAX theaters, 172 00:11:14.440 --> 00:11:15.760 the screens are very big. 173 00:11:15.760 --> 00:11:18.760 The screen not only covers the front, 174 00:11:18.760 --> 00:11:21.919 but also the sides and the top and the bottom 175 00:11:21.919 --> 00:11:25.000 The immersive feeling that we are actually inside 176 00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:26.400 magnifies the visual effect. 177 00:11:26.400 --> 00:11:29.320 And when these are shown stereoscopically, 178 00:11:29.320 --> 00:11:31.400 if there's a person stabbing towards us, 179 00:11:31.400 --> 00:11:34.400 the blade seems like it's really coming right in front of our eyes 180 00:11:34.400 --> 00:11:36.239 Because of this effect, 181 00:11:36.239 --> 00:11:40.119 it has been very successful in IMAX and theme parks 182 00:11:40.119 --> 00:11:44.599 and draws in many people through its attraction effect. 183 00:11:44.599 --> 00:11:47.880 3D movies have been frequently produced not only in other countries, 184 00:11:47.880 --> 00:11:50.479 but in Korea as well. 185 00:11:50.479 --> 00:11:53.919 It even happened very early, actually 186 00:11:53.919 --> 00:11:56.159 You might be surprised 187 00:11:56.159 --> 00:12:00.080 Year 1968, Director Gyu-Woong Lee's 188 00:12:00.080 --> 00:12:02.239 And the director that represents our country - 189 00:12:02.239 --> 00:12:05.960 Director Kwon-taek Im's was made 190 00:12:05.960 --> 00:12:11.239 For these two movies, in 1967, Cinematographer Seok-jun Jang 191 00:12:11.239 --> 00:12:14.200 made the camera himself. 192 00:12:14.200 --> 00:12:16.000 He took 600 equipment pieces 193 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:19.119 and made the camera called Panscope 194 00:12:19.119 --> 00:12:21.359 Normally, in order for us to make a 3D movie, 195 00:12:21.359 --> 00:12:22.840 we need two camera lenses 196 00:12:22.840 --> 00:12:24.520 And since we need two lenses, 197 00:12:24.520 --> 00:12:26.400 of course we need two cameras. 198 00:12:26.400 --> 00:12:32.000 So Director Seok-jun Jang used examples from Japan and the U.S. 199 00:12:32.000 --> 00:12:35.440 and made the Panscope camera himself 200 00:12:35.440 --> 00:12:39.719 It was a type of camera that was different from the Hollywood's 201 00:12:39.719 --> 00:12:42.357 and it was used to produce those movies. 202 00:12:42.359 --> 00:12:46.039 Pieces of work like these, to the people viewing them in theaters, 203 00:12:46.039 --> 00:12:48.359 were a new level of experience. 204 00:12:48.359 --> 00:12:52.080 There were TVs and many theaters in Korea, 205 00:12:52.080 --> 00:12:54.719 but 3D movies gave a new visual experience 206 00:12:54.719 --> 00:12:57.960 They added to the amount of realistic experience that people got 207 00:12:57.960 --> 00:13:00.719 and opened a new world of experience 208 00:13:00.719 --> 00:13:06.760 When we look at 3D movies, the most widely used method is the Film Patterned Retarder (FPR) 209 00:13:06.760 --> 00:13:10.291 The FPR method uses polarized film 210 00:13:10.291 --> 00:13:12.159 to view the content 211 00:13:12.159 --> 00:13:16.840 It makes up for the loss of color caused by the anaglyph method 212 00:13:16.840 --> 00:13:21.239 If you look through the polarized film, the colors are conveyed very well 213 00:13:21.239 --> 00:13:23.960 Also, when you use the polarized film, 214 00:13:23.960 --> 00:13:26.440 the screen itself is called silver screen 215 00:13:26.440 --> 00:13:31.760 A special silver paint is sprayed on the screen 216 00:13:31.760 --> 00:13:34.000 and this magnifies the stereoscopic effect 217 00:13:34.000 --> 00:13:35.960 That's how it came to be 218 00:13:35.960 --> 00:13:39.320 When you use the polarized film and silver screen, 219 00:13:39.320 --> 00:13:41.840 the quality and depth is enhanced 220 00:13:41.840 --> 00:13:43.719 Compared to the original anaglyph method, 221 00:13:43.719 --> 00:13:45.760 where the color wasn't effectively depicted, 222 00:13:45.760 --> 00:13:48.119 where the color was a bit out-of-place, 223 00:13:48.119 --> 00:13:49.880 it is now well-depicted here. 224 00:13:49.880 --> 00:13:53.359 Earlier, when we were talking about methods of 3D expression, 225 00:13:53.359 --> 00:13:56.239 we talked about the cathode ray tube TV 226 00:13:56.239 --> 00:14:00.320 In 1897, the German physicist Brown 227 00:14:00.320 --> 00:14:03.359 invented the electronic display 228 00:14:03.359 --> 00:14:05.200 and this is called the Cathode Ray Tube 229 00:14:05.200 --> 00:14:06.488 CRT for short 230 00:14:06.488 --> 00:14:12.119 You have probably seen those fat TVs a long time ago 231 00:14:12.119 --> 00:14:16.320 Especially Samsung or LG that displays the monitors, 232 00:14:16.320 --> 00:14:19.479 when you go to the places that display these monitors, long ago, 233 00:14:19.479 --> 00:14:23.599 there's probably these TVs with big cathode ray tubes, 234 00:14:23.599 --> 00:14:26.359 the small and volumetric TVs that are easily found. 235 00:14:26.359 --> 00:14:28.359 Because of these inventions, 236 00:14:28.359 --> 00:14:31.039 a wide variety of contents came out 237 00:14:31.039 --> 00:14:32.359 Because of these cathode ray tube TVs, 238 00:14:32.359 --> 00:14:34.280 3D solids also came out 239 00:14:34.280 --> 00:14:36.599 They were the cause 240 00:14:36.599 --> 00:14:40.479 Because of the emergence of cathode ray tubes and CRT monitors, 241 00:14:40.479 --> 00:14:43.440 the TV programs expanded into new types of media 242 00:14:43.440 --> 00:14:48.559 It later developed into LCD, PDP, and today's OLED display 243 00:14:48.559 --> 00:14:53.960 And now, it has developed into very thin displays. 244 00:14:53.960 --> 00:14:56.559 3D solids are something 245 00:14:56.559 --> 00:15:00.159 that were only shown in theaters long ago, 246 00:15:00.159 --> 00:15:03.199 but once various displays were invented, 247 00:15:03.199 --> 00:15:07.850 it has grown into something that we can even view at home. 248 00:15:09.090 --> 00:15:13.060 [Methods of 3D solid expression and technical factors] 249 00:15:13.060 --> 00:15:15.719 When we talk about solids, 250 00:15:15.719 --> 00:15:18.320 we talk about technical aspects 251 00:15:18.320 --> 00:15:21.679 but there are many psychological factors that cause the 3D effect as well 252 00:15:21.679 --> 00:15:24.239 It will be very useful to talk about these 253 00:15:24.239 --> 00:15:27.880 First, the basic one that everyone may know: perspective 254 00:15:27.880 --> 00:15:32.640 Perspective is actually something that goes inward like this 255 00:15:32.640 --> 00:15:35.479 Through perspective, you can feel the distance 256 00:15:35.479 --> 00:15:37.359 How far or close the distance is 257 00:15:37.359 --> 00:15:39.200 Then there's the shadow effect 258 00:15:39.200 --> 00:15:40.919 When you shine a light on an object, 259 00:15:40.919 --> 00:15:42.640 and there's a shadow, 260 00:15:42.640 --> 00:15:45.599 according to the bright and dark spots formed by the shadow, 261 00:15:45.599 --> 00:15:48.200 the parts that are in the front and the parts that are in the back 262 00:15:48.200 --> 00:15:49.719 can be told. 263 00:15:49.719 --> 00:15:52.640 Next, when objects are overlapped, 264 00:15:52.640 --> 00:15:56.799 the front objects will be fully shown, 265 00:15:56.799 --> 00:15:58.359 and the objects in the back will not be seen. 266 00:15:58.359 --> 00:16:02.000 Like this, in a basic space as well, 267 00:16:02.000 --> 00:16:06.239 there are psychological factors that cause the 3D effect. 268 00:16:06.239 --> 00:16:09.559 Based on these psychological factors, 269 00:16:09.559 --> 00:16:13.679 we analyze the physical factors that feel stereoscopy. 270 00:16:13.679 --> 00:16:17.840 When you talk about stereoscopy, 271 00:16:17.840 --> 00:16:22.280 you often feel the depth due to the difference in the two eyes 272 00:16:22.280 --> 00:16:27.880 The average distance between the two eyes of a person is 65 mm 273 00:16:27.880 --> 00:16:30.760 It ranges from 65 mm to 70 mm 274 00:16:30.760 --> 00:16:33.520 So when filming with 3D camera, 275 00:16:33.520 --> 00:16:37.799 they usually put a distance of 65 to 70 mm between the lenses 276 00:16:37.799 --> 00:16:40.719 They do make some changes accordingly 277 00:16:40.719 --> 00:16:44.320 So as for the physical factors that cause stereoscopy, 278 00:16:44.320 --> 00:16:49.960 there are convergence and disparity between the two eyes observing an object 279 00:16:49.960 --> 00:16:55.119 As for the binocular disparity, the retina on each eye 280 00:16:55.119 --> 00:16:58.698 have differences at the top, and this is what causes stereoscopy 281 00:16:58.698 --> 00:17:00.840 And as for the binocular convergence, 282 00:17:00.840 --> 00:17:04.880 the eyes are made to converge towards an object 283 00:17:04.880 --> 00:17:06.579 so the eyeball spins. 284 00:17:06.579 --> 00:17:10.680 For example, when I'm looking at the camera, 285 00:17:10.680 --> 00:17:12.479 my eyes will come inward 286 00:17:12.479 --> 00:17:13.680 This is binocular convergence 287 00:17:13.680 --> 00:17:16.479 Binocular disparity is when I just face forward 288 00:17:16.479 --> 00:17:18.640 these two eyes view at different angles 289 00:17:18.640 --> 00:17:22.839 So in my brain, it forms stereoscopy with each other 290 00:17:22.839 --> 00:17:24.520 and I can tell which is in the front and which is in the back 291 00:17:24.520 --> 00:17:26.199 I would be able to feel that. 292 00:17:26.199 --> 00:17:29.520 Also, while you adjust the focus, 293 00:17:29.520 --> 00:17:31.319 you can also feel the stereoscopy 294 00:17:31.319 --> 00:17:34.040 Also, when I'm sitting down and something passes by faster, 295 00:17:34.040 --> 00:17:37.319 this makes me feel something called Motion Parallax 296 00:17:37.319 --> 00:17:40.520 So there are physical factors that cause stereoscopy 297 00:17:40.520 --> 00:17:44.000 Binocular Disparity, Binocular Convergence, Focus Adjustment, Motion Parallax 298 00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:46.199 These four things give stereoscopic effects 299 00:17:46.199 --> 00:17:48.959 They are the physical factors 300 00:17:48.959 --> 00:17:52.319 It's best to consider the human eye as a camera lens 301 00:17:52.319 --> 00:17:55.280 Based on the distance that is perceived, 302 00:17:55.280 --> 00:17:57.119 our eyes can adjust the focus 303 00:17:57.119 --> 00:17:59.640 And based on the movement in front of us, 304 00:17:59.640 --> 00:18:02.319 we can also feel the motion parallax that shows the other side. 305 00:18:02.319 --> 00:18:05.239 Consider all of these 306 00:18:05.239 --> 00:18:07.800 for the best depiction of stereoscopy 307 00:18:07.800 --> 00:18:10.599 When we talk about the polarization method, 308 00:18:10.599 --> 00:18:12.599 we don't make the color differences with filters 309 00:18:12.599 --> 00:18:15.560 so the good part is that we can keep all the natural colors. 310 00:18:15.560 --> 00:18:19.000 This is something that has been talked about earlier 311 00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:21.479 so it's very good to keep in mind 312 00:18:21.479 --> 00:18:25.479 There's the patterned-retarder method and the shutter in panel method 313 00:18:25.479 --> 00:18:27.599 for the retarder and shutter methods, 314 00:18:27.599 --> 00:18:30.400 each of them have positives and negatives 315 00:18:30.400 --> 00:18:33.160 As for the shutter glass method, 316 00:18:33.160 --> 00:18:37.199 it quickly shows the left video on the left 317 00:18:37.199 --> 00:18:41.119 and alternately shows the right video on the right, back and forth 318 00:18:41.119 --> 00:18:45.040 Long ago, in Samsung Electronics, 319 00:18:45.040 --> 00:18:47.680 the shutter glass method was more frequently used 320 00:18:47.680 --> 00:18:50.359 For the 3D TV made by LG, 321 00:18:50.359 --> 00:18:52.000 the patterned-retarder method was more widely used. 322 00:18:52.000 --> 00:18:55.040 The positives of patterned retarder is that 323 00:18:55.040 --> 00:18:56.439 the glasses are light-weighted 324 00:18:56.439 --> 00:18:59.760 The only thing on the glasses is the polarized film 325 00:18:59.760 --> 00:19:02.319 so the glasses are light and cheap. 326 00:19:02.319 --> 00:19:06.119 Also, the brightness is excellent in 3D 327 00:19:06.119 --> 00:19:10.119 The negative is that the resolution is lower 328 00:19:10.119 --> 00:19:12.479 That's a little problem 329 00:19:12.479 --> 00:19:16.719 Also, the polarized film is added on the TV, 330 00:19:16.719 --> 00:19:19.599 so for certain 3D TV production, 331 00:19:19.599 --> 00:19:21.880 there's a little extra cost 332 00:19:21.880 --> 00:19:24.439 And those were the negatives of patterned-retarder method 333 00:19:24.439 --> 00:19:27.599 On the other hand, the shutter glasses method has no 2D quality decrease 334 00:19:27.599 --> 00:19:29.319 and the 3D resolution is excellent 335 00:19:29.319 --> 00:19:33.439 Also, the usage on TV is very cheap 336 00:19:33.439 --> 00:19:37.839 However, the shutter glasses method needs battery in the glasses 337 00:19:37.839 --> 00:19:41.199 On top of the battery, it also connects by cable 338 00:19:41.199 --> 00:19:44.800 So the price of the glasses is 339 00:19:44.800 --> 00:19:47.439 more expensive than the glasses used by polarized glasses of the patterned retarder method 340 00:19:47.439 --> 00:19:49.560 Also, due to the electromagnetic radiation, 341 00:19:49.560 --> 00:19:52.280 there's a little flickering happening 342 00:19:52.280 --> 00:19:56.040 Because of things like these, when watching the content, 343 00:19:56.040 --> 00:20:00.319 fun aspects and visually appealing parts 344 00:20:00.319 --> 00:20:03.719 have to be very good. 345 00:20:03.719 --> 00:20:08.160 Also, when we make a 3D solid, 346 00:20:08.160 --> 00:20:10.479 the most important thing is the camera rig 347 00:20:10.479 --> 00:20:14.479 So when we made 3D movies, the most mentioned aspect 348 00:20:14.680 --> 00:20:16.880 was the state of the camera rig 349 00:20:16.880 --> 00:20:18.880 That was the biggest issue 350 00:20:18.880 --> 00:20:23.040 So first, two cameras are lined up next to each other 351 00:20:23.040 --> 00:20:25.719 This is called the parallel rig method 352 00:20:25.719 --> 00:20:28.640 And then, there's the perpendicular method 353 00:20:28.640 --> 00:20:32.560 As for the parallel method, where the two cameras are next to each other, 354 00:20:32.560 --> 00:20:36.839 it's a commonly-used method for mid- to far-distance filming 355 00:20:36.839 --> 00:20:40.359 As for the perpendicular method, when filming in close distance, 356 00:20:40.359 --> 00:20:43.959 it's the type of method that gives more stereoscopy 357 00:20:43.959 --> 00:20:45.839 as you can understand. 358 00:20:45.839 --> 00:20:47.920 When we talk about 3D camera rigs, 359 00:20:47.920 --> 00:20:51.400 the most frequently mentioned company is 3Ality. 360 00:20:51.400 --> 00:20:55.160 3Ality's rig for filming is very well-known 361 00:20:55.160 --> 00:20:59.400 So in Korea, for 3D movies or dramas, 362 00:20:59.400 --> 00:21:01.359 as well as 3D advertisement, 363 00:21:01.359 --> 00:21:03.560 3Ality staff come in 364 00:21:03.560 --> 00:21:07.800 and use their own equipments, rigs, and cameras 365 00:21:07.800 --> 00:21:11.000 to produce the content, in many instances. 366 00:21:11.000 --> 00:21:13.640 Not only the 3D cameras, 367 00:21:13.640 --> 00:21:15.800 but also after the 3D filming, 368 00:21:15.800 --> 00:21:18.599 equipments are needed to edit the video afterwards. 369 00:21:18.599 --> 00:21:22.400 During 3D filming, not only the camera was used, 370 00:21:22.400 --> 00:21:25.199 but also various equipments additionally, 371 00:21:25.199 --> 00:21:29.719 so they were the cause of the increase of production costs. 372 00:21:29.719 --> 00:21:32.040 And as for the 3D cameras, 373 00:21:32.040 --> 00:21:34.160 well for regular cameras, 374 00:21:34.160 --> 00:21:37.079 there's film cameras and digital cameras, 375 00:21:37.079 --> 00:21:39.880 but they sometimes weren't in sync. 376 00:21:39.880 --> 00:21:43.040 So when using the 3D camera rigs, 377 00:21:43.040 --> 00:21:45.319 the problem was that 378 00:21:45.319 --> 00:21:49.400 the vertical and horizontal line-up has to match up. 379 00:21:49.400 --> 00:21:53.640 Also, when there's mismatching when it zooms in and spins, 380 00:21:53.640 --> 00:21:57.199 it is visually dissatisfying to people. 381 00:21:57.199 --> 00:22:00.119 And the filming angle is very important as well 382 00:22:00.119 --> 00:22:03.920 And if the color temperature - the white balance - is off between the cameras, 383 00:22:03.920 --> 00:22:06.199 when people view the final product, 384 00:22:06.199 --> 00:22:08.280 the color scheme looks different 385 00:22:08.280 --> 00:22:10.280 and because of this, the level of stereoscopy drops. 386 00:22:10.280 --> 00:22:12.439 So aspects like these, 387 00:22:12.439 --> 00:22:14.599 when we're watching 3D movies, 388 00:22:14.599 --> 00:22:17.760 if we felt dizziness or motion sickness, 389 00:22:17.760 --> 00:22:22.400 these aspects might have caused them. 390 00:22:22.400 --> 00:22:23.719 For the 3D cameras, 391 00:22:23.719 --> 00:22:25.000 as I mentioned earlier, 392 00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:27.719 there's the parallel version and the perpendicular version 393 00:22:27.719 --> 00:22:29.800 for these, you guys 394 00:22:29.800 --> 00:22:33.040 only need to know their methods 395 00:22:33.040 --> 00:22:36.599 Sometimes the cameras are placed intersecting with each other, 396 00:22:36.599 --> 00:22:39.959 and they're sometimes placed parallel to each other 397 00:22:39.959 --> 00:22:43.880 Once you just understand this, later when you use 3D solids 398 00:22:43.880 --> 00:22:47.160 and get the opportunity to film realistic contents, 399 00:22:47.160 --> 00:22:49.760 you can make use of the staff 400 00:22:49.760 --> 00:22:53.160 accordingly with these helpful understandings. 401 00:22:53.160 --> 00:22:56.479 The best thing for making 3D movies is 402 00:22:56.479 --> 00:23:00.239 of course, using two cameras to film. 403 00:23:00.239 --> 00:23:02.319 This is because when you use two cameras, 404 00:23:02.319 --> 00:23:05.920 you get two separate sources, the left and the right, 405 00:23:05.920 --> 00:23:09.920 and these make it more convenient to work with afterwards. 406 00:23:09.920 --> 00:23:15.040 But in the content-creators' or the investors' point of view, 407 00:23:15.040 --> 00:23:17.680 the downside is the cost. 408 00:23:17.680 --> 00:23:20.000 It first needs the two cameras, 409 00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:23.439 but additionally, in order to convert them stereoscopically, 410 00:23:23.439 --> 00:23:24.920 more equipments are needed 411 00:23:24.920 --> 00:23:28.680 Then they need more staff to handle these equipments 412 00:23:28.680 --> 00:23:33.359 So compared to the original method of using a single camera, 413 00:23:33.359 --> 00:23:36.040 there's a continuous increase of production cost. 414 00:23:36.040 --> 00:23:39.040 This is why 3D conversion was made 415 00:23:39.040 --> 00:23:42.959 3D conversion is taking an image 416 00:23:42.959 --> 00:23:46.439 and automatically converting it into 3D 417 00:23:46.439 --> 00:23:51.000 In TV companies such as Samsung and Sony, 418 00:23:51.000 --> 00:23:55.400 they released TV that automatically converts to 3D. 419 00:23:55.400 --> 00:24:00.199 Since the cost of making 3D content is expensive, 420 00:24:00.199 --> 00:24:01.640 they can't make a lot of them. 421 00:24:01.640 --> 00:24:05.959 So for the consumers, even if they buy a 3D TV, 422 00:24:05.959 --> 00:24:08.760 there aren't many contents they can watch with it. 423 00:24:08.760 --> 00:24:12.599 Because of this, they converted a single-camera-filmed content 424 00:24:12.599 --> 00:24:16.040 into a 3D content with the push of a button 425 00:24:16.040 --> 00:24:18.959 and allowed them to view it stereoscopically 426 00:24:18.959 --> 00:24:23.479 Actually, for this 3D TV, in the case of sports content, 427 00:24:23.479 --> 00:24:27.199 it worked pretty well, but for entertaining content, 428 00:24:27.199 --> 00:24:29.599 they have so many different shots and angles 429 00:24:29.599 --> 00:24:32.040 And therefore, some of them 430 00:24:32.040 --> 00:24:33.839 wouldn't have the full 3D effect 431 00:24:33.839 --> 00:24:36.319 And some of them would have too much of a 3D effect 432 00:24:36.319 --> 00:24:41.880 So when I tried out this 3D TV at a store, 433 00:24:41.880 --> 00:24:45.719 when watching soccer or football games, 434 00:24:45.719 --> 00:24:48.000 so the ones filmed with a single camera, 435 00:24:48.000 --> 00:24:50.280 it had the greatest effect. 436 00:24:50.280 --> 00:24:53.199 During this time, the U.S. invented 437 00:24:53.199 --> 00:24:56.078 the Dynamic Digital Death method, 438 00:24:56.079 --> 00:24:59.920 which recognizes the background and the human as separate data. 439 00:24:59.920 --> 00:25:02.640 So when this technique recognizes them, 440 00:25:02.640 --> 00:25:06.040 they change the contrast of the things located between the human and the background 441 00:25:06.040 --> 00:25:09.959 or separate the layers to give stereoscopy 442 00:25:09.959 --> 00:25:13.079 And this is called 3D conversion. 443 00:25:13.079 --> 00:25:17.199 Before, they would use software editing tools 444 00:25:17.199 --> 00:25:18.760 to convert them to 3D. 445 00:25:18.760 --> 00:25:23.920 Earlier, it was converted to 3D using a 3D TV 446 00:25:23.920 --> 00:25:26.000 Software editing works can also 447 00:25:26.000 --> 00:25:29.280 convert the contents into 3D 448 00:25:29.280 --> 00:25:33.640 For this, they need to acquire the human and the background layers. 449 00:25:33.640 --> 00:25:37.000 They need to take the layers and expand them 450 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:39.160 as well as change the size 451 00:25:39.160 --> 00:25:42.880 Long ago, when they were converting a single Hollywood movie, 452 00:25:42.880 --> 00:25:46.000 it took 3 months for 300 people to work on it. 453 00:25:46.000 --> 00:25:49.239 Because when they convert this Hollywood movie, 454 00:25:49.239 --> 00:25:51.520 they used domestic production technicians. 455 00:25:51.520 --> 00:25:54.040 So 300 people were used, 456 00:25:54.040 --> 00:25:57.880 and that all adds to the production cost 457 00:25:57.880 --> 00:26:00.839 That's how the conversion process went 458 00:26:00.839 --> 00:26:04.800 In 2012, Professor Jun-young No 459 00:26:04.800 --> 00:26:09.560 invented a software that converts a 3D into a 3D video 460 00:26:09.560 --> 00:26:12.400 This is called NAKiD 461 00:26:12.400 --> 00:26:16.160 This separates the objects, creates depth, 462 00:26:16.160 --> 00:26:20.359 then uses stereo rendering, optimizing at each level of object conversion. 463 00:26:20.359 --> 00:26:25.400 And that was an example of inventing a software conversion tool 464 00:26:25.400 --> 00:26:30.400 So rotoscoping is used to separate the people and objects, 465 00:26:30.400 --> 00:26:33.359 then after they're separated, 466 00:26:33.359 --> 00:26:35.000 there's a separation gap 467 00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:37.800 the separated area is replaced with video 468 00:26:37.800 --> 00:26:40.760 and by giving depth accordingly, 469 00:26:40.760 --> 00:26:42.640 the size itself has to be altered. 470 00:26:42.640 --> 00:26:43.959 After this change, 471 00:26:43.959 --> 00:26:46.959 the altered product is rendered 472 00:26:46.959 --> 00:26:50.000 to finish off the converting process. 473 00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:53.599 So at this time, 3D conversion 474 00:26:53.599 --> 00:26:57.400 required a lot of man work 475 00:26:57.400 --> 00:27:00.640 Nowadays, generative AI is widely used 476 00:27:00.640 --> 00:27:03.520 and many techniques are being used through this generative AI 477 00:27:03.520 --> 00:27:06.640 So I'm expecting that these generative AI 478 00:27:06.640 --> 00:27:09.839 may make 3D conversion easier 479 00:27:09.839 --> 00:27:11.520 in high hopes. 480 00:27:12.764 --> 00:27:16.873 Actual examples of 3D application 481 00:27:16.873 --> 00:27:19.239 Next, we're going to take a look at examples 482 00:27:19.239 --> 00:27:21.560 of when 3D movies were applied 483 00:27:21.560 --> 00:27:24.520 In 2005, in Las Vegas, U.S., 484 00:27:24.520 --> 00:27:27.079 there was something called Show West 2005 485 00:27:27.079 --> 00:27:30.199 This is when 3D movie academic conference was made 486 00:27:30.199 --> 00:27:33.000 Many famous directors came 487 00:27:33.000 --> 00:27:36.439 Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Robert Zemeckis 488 00:27:36.439 --> 00:27:38.760 as well as Rodriguez, Randal Kleiser 489 00:27:38.760 --> 00:27:40.599 Famous directors gather 490 00:27:40.599 --> 00:27:42.479 and declare the 3D Hollywood movie 491 00:27:42.479 --> 00:27:46.000 So the 3D animation Chicken Little came out 492 00:27:46.000 --> 00:27:47.760 As for this, in the U.S., 493 00:27:47.760 --> 00:27:50.880 the 3D video itself earned 8 million dollars 494 00:27:50.880 --> 00:27:53.119 of additional profit 495 00:27:53.119 --> 00:27:56.439 Due to this new style 496 00:27:56.439 --> 00:27:58.119 of 3D movies coming out, 497 00:27:58.119 --> 00:28:01.680 many more 3D movies were released afterwards 498 00:28:01.680 --> 00:28:04.319 In 2006, Director Robert Zemeckis 499 00:28:04.319 --> 00:28:06.920 made the movie 500 00:28:06.920 --> 00:28:11.640 During this time, they used performance capture, or motion capture in other words 501 00:28:11.640 --> 00:28:14.040 This performance capture is used in Avatar 502 00:28:14.040 --> 00:28:16.599 and in various other movies these days. 503 00:28:16.599 --> 00:28:19.079 So for this too, 504 00:28:19.079 --> 00:28:20.760 in the U.S., the 3D video itself 505 00:28:20.760 --> 00:28:23.119 reached the profit of 49 million dollars 506 00:28:23.119 --> 00:28:25.560 And later, 3D movie 507 00:28:25.560 --> 00:28:28.040 is the most publicized through this person 508 00:28:28.040 --> 00:28:31.400 It's Director James Cameron 509 00:28:31.400 --> 00:28:35.439 Director James Cameron and Cinematographer Vince Pace 510 00:28:35.439 --> 00:28:37.000 founded a company together 511 00:28:37.000 --> 00:28:38.119 called Pace 512 00:28:38.119 --> 00:28:42.719 In Pace, they invented an something called Fusion Camera System 513 00:28:42.719 --> 00:28:44.359 This Fusion Camera System, 514 00:28:44.359 --> 00:28:46.479 for many 3D movies, 515 00:28:46.479 --> 00:28:50.280 was used for its content production. 516 00:28:50.280 --> 00:28:53.719 During this time, Korea also released 3D movie 517 00:28:53.719 --> 00:28:54.760 called Tidal Wave 518 00:28:54.760 --> 00:28:58.119 and Director Je-kyoon Yoon made the movie Sector 7 519 00:28:58.119 --> 00:29:00.719 But this movie, domestically, 520 00:29:00.719 --> 00:29:04.920 didn't receive a lot of interest and failed 521 00:29:04.920 --> 00:29:09.239 When I talk about 3D movies, the example I mention the most 522 00:29:09.239 --> 00:29:10.959 is the 3D version of The Terminator 2. 523 00:29:10.959 --> 00:29:13.599 As for this 3D Terminator 2, 524 00:29:13.599 --> 00:29:18.040 James Cameron created it in 1996 525 00:29:18.040 --> 00:29:20.280 as an attraction in Universal Studios 526 00:29:20.280 --> 00:29:23.319 When you go to Universal Studios, 527 00:29:23.319 --> 00:29:25.160 you definitely have to watch Terminator 2 528 00:29:25.160 --> 00:29:28.079 I always recommend this 529 00:29:28.079 --> 00:29:30.719 I'm pretty sure they still have it today 530 00:29:30.719 --> 00:29:33.439 For this Terminator 2, 531 00:29:33.439 --> 00:29:36.439 the show, the video, and the stereoscopy 532 00:29:36.439 --> 00:29:39.000 are very well-mixed and presented 533 00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:44.160 So at first, the actors do a real-live acting 534 00:29:44.160 --> 00:29:48.239 They do the actual acting, then go into the screen on their bikes, 535 00:29:48.239 --> 00:29:51.000 then it switches over to the 3D video 536 00:29:51.000 --> 00:29:54.199 These real actors riding the motorcycle and going inside 537 00:29:54.199 --> 00:29:56.000 this part and the video itself 538 00:29:56.000 --> 00:29:57.920 matches up so smoothly 539 00:29:57.920 --> 00:30:01.280 So it really looks like they went into the screen 540 00:30:01.280 --> 00:30:02.880 That's how it feels like 541 00:30:02.880 --> 00:30:04.560 When you take a look at this movie, 542 00:30:04.560 --> 00:30:08.479 the production cost back then was 60 million 543 00:30:08.479 --> 00:30:10.560 and the running time was 12 minutes 544 00:30:10.560 --> 00:30:12.439 The video itself was 12 minutes, 545 00:30:12.439 --> 00:30:15.040 but if you combine the real-life action of the stunt performers, 546 00:30:15.040 --> 00:30:19.760 it had a total running time of 24 minutes 547 00:30:19.760 --> 00:30:22.119 At this time, James Cameron, 548 00:30:22.119 --> 00:30:25.959 after the success of The Terminator 2, 549 00:30:25.959 --> 00:30:28.760 when he made this in 3D at Universal Studios, 550 00:30:28.760 --> 00:30:30.560 He founded Digital Domain, 551 00:30:30.560 --> 00:30:32.959 a company specializing in computer graphics. 552 00:30:32.959 --> 00:30:35.640 So the earlier-mentioned 553 00:30:35.640 --> 00:30:38.719 camera company that made 3D camera 554 00:30:38.719 --> 00:30:41.680 and this computer graphics company worked together 555 00:30:41.680 --> 00:30:44.040 And later, True Lies and Titanic 556 00:30:44.040 --> 00:30:47.479 were few of the various contents that they produced. 557 00:30:47.479 --> 00:30:51.280 And when you go to theme parks, 558 00:30:51.280 --> 00:30:54.040 you can watch many contents 559 00:30:54.040 --> 00:30:58.117 They especially have various techniques 560 00:30:58.119 --> 00:31:00.719 that are used for the production of realistic content 561 00:31:00.719 --> 00:31:04.839 As for the Simpson Ride as well, 3D solids 562 00:31:04.839 --> 00:31:08.640 and a type of simulator were well-synced in presentation 563 00:31:08.640 --> 00:31:11.599 In this instance, it's presented through the IMAX dome screen 564 00:31:11.599 --> 00:31:12.560 As I mentioned earlier, 565 00:31:12.560 --> 00:31:16.959 the dome screen itself surrounds the sides, the top, and the bottom 566 00:31:16.959 --> 00:31:20.199 of the audience, so the immersiveness is greater. 567 00:31:20.199 --> 00:31:24.760 In regular theaters, we only watch a rectangular screen 568 00:31:24.760 --> 00:31:27.680 but this surrounds all sides of us 569 00:31:27.680 --> 00:31:30.040 So the stereoscopy and immersiveness that comes from this 570 00:31:30.040 --> 00:31:34.599 is greatly magnified during its presentation 571 00:31:34.599 --> 00:31:37.880 And in 2009, James Cameron finally releases 572 00:31:37.880 --> 00:31:40.400 the movie Avatar 573 00:31:40.400 --> 00:31:45.280 Avatar was very popular worldwide 574 00:31:45.280 --> 00:31:49.280 It was successful as a 3D movie as well 575 00:31:49.280 --> 00:31:53.040 So after Avatar, even in Korea, 576 00:31:53.040 --> 00:31:56.319 there were more active production of 3D movies 577 00:31:56.319 --> 00:32:01.599 Investment companies, especially 578 00:32:01.599 --> 00:32:05.800 begin investing a lot in 3D movies 579 00:32:05.800 --> 00:32:07.319 As for James Cameron, 580 00:32:07.319 --> 00:32:09.719 especially in realistic contents, 581 00:32:09.719 --> 00:32:12.359 he was the representative director 582 00:32:12.359 --> 00:32:14.760 who used many various techniques in his contents 583 00:32:14.760 --> 00:32:16.599 Through the release of Avatar, 584 00:32:16.599 --> 00:32:20.359 3D movies were successful all around the world, 585 00:32:20.359 --> 00:32:22.920 and 3D TVs were produced 586 00:32:22.920 --> 00:32:26.959 So these technical aspects 587 00:32:26.959 --> 00:32:30.920 are very important aspects of creating content 588 00:32:30.920 --> 00:32:34.520 So when you watch movies, dramas, webtoons 589 00:32:34.520 --> 00:32:37.199 and have interest in a variety of media, 590 00:32:37.199 --> 00:32:41.239 it would be good to think about 591 00:32:41.239 --> 00:32:44.520 how to mix in these aspects in contents 592 00:32:44.520 --> 00:32:46.680 What I've been the most interested lately 593 00:32:46.680 --> 00:32:51.280 is Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, which was made in 2019, 594 00:32:51.280 --> 00:32:54.359 a Star Wars area of the theme park. 595 00:32:54.359 --> 00:32:55.920 The total cost was 10 billion dollars 596 00:32:55.920 --> 00:32:58.479 In Korean won, it was about 1 trillion 597 00:32:58.479 --> 00:33:00.280 Here, there's the Free Show area 598 00:33:00.280 --> 00:33:03.359 and the Main Show area 599 00:33:03.359 --> 00:33:05.719 In the Free Show area, there's the Resistance Headquarters in the cave, 600 00:33:05.719 --> 00:33:08.439 the inside of the transport ship, as well as the prison of First Order, 601 00:33:08.439 --> 00:33:11.160 like the actual scenes of the movie 602 00:33:11.160 --> 00:33:13.560 It felt like I was truly experiencing it 603 00:33:13.560 --> 00:33:14.959 There's also Dark Ride, 604 00:33:14.959 --> 00:33:17.828 it's Dark Ride made with RFID 605 00:33:17.828 --> 00:33:23.239 It allows you to travel around the inside of the Resistance 606 00:33:23.239 --> 00:33:26.760 For this instance as well, the Industrial Light & Magic 607 00:33:26.760 --> 00:33:28.680 did the computer graphics 608 00:33:28.680 --> 00:33:32.439 There's also a company called Walt Disney Imagineering 609 00:33:32.439 --> 00:33:35.239 Walt Disney Imagineering 610 00:33:35.239 --> 00:33:37.400 is a company that I am very interested in 611 00:33:37.400 --> 00:33:41.000 This is actually the place that made 612 00:33:41.000 --> 00:33:43.560 all the techniques needed for realistic content production 613 00:33:43.560 --> 00:33:46.239 Animetrics, as well as solids 614 00:33:46.239 --> 00:33:50.359 And even the robots that are produced 615 00:33:50.359 --> 00:33:53.920 recently were all made through imagineering 616 00:33:53.920 --> 00:33:58.239 And lastly, I participated in this production 617 00:33:58.239 --> 00:34:01.239 and carried it on as a producer 618 00:34:01.239 --> 00:34:06.359 Made in April 2010, when you go to Gwanghwamun, 619 00:34:06.359 --> 00:34:08.080 there's something called The Story of King Sejong 620 00:34:08.080 --> 00:34:09.320 So this 621 00:34:09.320 --> 00:34:10.800 located in B2 floor of Sejong Center for the Performing Arts, 622 00:34:10.800 --> 00:34:13.080 21350 sq. ft. big, 623 00:34:13.080 --> 00:34:15.959 it was a 4D experience center for the story of King Sejong 624 00:34:15.959 --> 00:34:17.600 That was there 625 00:34:17.600 --> 00:34:19.800 And when you go here, there's the Turtle Ship, 626 00:34:19.800 --> 00:34:22.760 shrinked to 55% of its original size 627 00:34:22.760 --> 00:34:26.080 There's also activities such as archery and rowing 628 00:34:26.080 --> 00:34:27.919 What I participated in 629 00:34:27.919 --> 00:34:30.239 was producing the 3D video 630 00:34:30.239 --> 00:34:36.159 It was a 7 minute video about the Battle of Myeongnyang 631 00:34:36.159 --> 00:34:40.600 There were stereoscopic aspects and 4D, the experiencing aspects 632 00:34:40.600 --> 00:34:45.040 4D is usually water, air, smell, 633 00:34:45.040 --> 00:34:48.919 and vibration, and these are used 634 00:34:48.919 --> 00:34:52.959 to experience with the five senses 635 00:34:52.959 --> 00:34:55.679 It was frequently called 4D experience center 636 00:34:55.679 --> 00:34:58.120 It was called 4D experience center or 5D experience center 637 00:34:58.120 --> 00:35:02.000 So it was 7 minutes long, 638 00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:05.000 but it was made to realistically experience 639 00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:06.320 the Battle of Myeongnyang 640 00:35:06.320 --> 00:35:10.439 as a type of content 641 00:35:10.439 --> 00:35:14.560 It was produced in such a short time frame, 642 00:35:14.560 --> 00:35:19.679 but through smooth communication between the production team and the orderer, 643 00:35:19.679 --> 00:35:24.520 it was successfully carried out. 644 00:35:24.520 --> 00:35:29.520 We looked at a lot of aspects of 3D solids 645 00:35:29.520 --> 00:35:33.439 I talked about 3D solids first because 646 00:35:33.439 --> 00:35:36.760 when presenting realistic content, 647 00:35:36.760 --> 00:35:38.919 the visual aspects are the biggest, 648 00:35:38.919 --> 00:35:41.360 and the first things that carried this out 649 00:35:41.360 --> 00:35:43.159 were the stereoscopic parts 650 00:35:43.159 --> 00:35:45.959 and that's why I talked about stereoscopy 651 00:35:45.959 --> 00:35:47.959 Through this, you guys 652 00:35:47.959 --> 00:35:51.600 can see that the advancement of technology and hardware 653 00:35:51.600 --> 00:35:53.439 allows the creation of various contents 654 00:35:53.439 --> 00:35:55.479 Those can be your observations 655 00:35:55.479 --> 00:35:59.360 Later, as you take more realistic content classes, 656 00:35:59.360 --> 00:36:02.479 I hope you acquire more information 657 00:36:02.479 --> 00:36:03.959 Good work today, everyone 658 00:36:05.590 --> 00:36:07.578 Summary History of 3D solids Creation of movement, 3D caused by efforts to animate images Many methods were studied in order to animate a still image 659 00:36:07.578 --> 00:36:09.483 Magic lantern, thaumatrope, zoetrope, praxinoscope, kinetograph, stereoscope, cinematograph After the emergence of TV, the golden age of 3D movies began 660 00:36:09.483 --> 00:36:11.095 Later, development of display allowed the viewing of 3D at home as well 661 00:36:11.095 --> 00:36:13.976 Methods and technology of creating 3D solids Psychological aspects that cause stereoscopy Perspective, shadow effect, overlapping and shielding Physical aspects that cause stereoscopy Disparity, convergence, focus, motion parallax 662 00:36:13.976 --> 00:36:16.580 Method of a 3D solid movie Film Patterned Retarded method: doesn't use a filter, so natural colors are preserved Shutter Glasses method: switches quickly between left video on the left eye and right video on the right eye 663 00:36:16.580 --> 00:36:18.962 Technical aspects of 3D solids Camera rig, 3D conversion 664 00:36:18.962 --> 00:36:22.312 Actual examples of 3D application Chicken Little (2005): 3D animation with high profits The Polar Express (2006): the movie that used performance(motion) capture 665 00:36:22.312 --> 00:36:25.655 Avatar: James Cameron's movie that contributed to publicizing 3D movies 3D videos were later used in theme park attractions and 4D experience centers to provide greater immersiveness