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WEBTOON
Basics
Converting script into a storyboard

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GCC academy

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Learning Goals
Learn about how to write a script for Webtoon production
Learn about how to convert a script for Webtoon production into a storyboard


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Learning Contents
Writing a script
Converting into a storyboard


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Kang Ji Young
Careers:
Mentor at Seoul Webtoon Academy

Works:
KingsMaker
OH, MY GOD!
2014 NAVER WEBTOON, What if?
JIOK Camp Short Story Season 2 Convenience Store Demon king

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Nice to meet you, I am Webtoons artist Kang Ji Young

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I am the author of Kingsmaker published by Kakaopage and Lezhin Comics

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In this lecture, let's explore the process of translating our script into a storyboard

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Before starting the lecture, there is something I always mention before starting theory classes

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I'll be discussing my experiences and providing some universal examples here

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So, even if I mention something, you don't necessarily have to think it's always correct

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Feel free to listen and choose what sounds plausible, but it's okay to let things pass by when things don't seem right 

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For creation, there's no right answer

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Alright, here's what we'll be covering this time

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Learning objective for today is to learn how to write a script for practical Webtoon production

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Learn how to translate a script for webtoon production into a storyboard

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Writing a script

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The method of writing a script varies from one writer to another

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So, in this lecture, I'll be explaining with a mixture of typical methods and some added tips and tricks

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I mentioned that there's no right answer

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You can choose the method that suits you best and apply it

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Script writing, checking the volume

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What is the purpose of a script

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While there may be various purposes, its primary function is to facilitate

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 The understanding of key dialogue plot progression, and length of each episode

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Before diging into drawing the actual storyboard,

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think of it as taking notes on instructions


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Among them, script writing plays a crucial role in checking the length

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Because the entire content included in the script must fit into one episode

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So, by looking at a script for one episode, you should be able to determine its total length

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When writing a script, please write each line to correspond to one frame

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Counting the number of lines makes it easy to determine how many frames are in one episode

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It's also a good idea to mark important directions with asterisks or underlines for your own reference

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That way, we can indicate and highlight that

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 This directing style is the most important and significant aspect of this episode

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By marking it, even as time passes

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You can remind yourself that you intended

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To emphasize this particular aspect and that it needs to be prominently depicted

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This way, we can prepare other frames to complement that great direction

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Example of a script

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A script typically consists of dialogue and directing instructions

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Or other important elements such as notes or memos

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Alright, let's take a look at this example

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The example will be detailed and easy to understand

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This is the version of the script written as a script

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Shall we explore this frame by frame?

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In the first frame, we're describing the background and the situation

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I used a high angle to convey the situation

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A and B are sitting in a cafe, having a conversation

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Description of the situation, high angle, café landscape

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And make sure the large window, which will be important later, is clearly visible

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Make sure the large window is prominently visible in this scene

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These notes are preparations for describing the scene where an alien enters through the window

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Since the frame where the alien breaks through the window is the most important in this scene

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Everything from the character's expressions to the background setup is aimed at enhancing this shot

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In other words, all frames except for this one serve as supporting elements,

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They can be added or removed as needed

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Occasionally, if the script becomes too long or too short,

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you can adjust the surrounding frames that support the key frame to balance the length


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It would be one of the reasons why writing a script is beneficial

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The next frame introduces the characters to facilitate the event and arranges them in a natural flow

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So, the eye level is appropriate for this

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It can express the characters' faces, personalities,

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and even the distance between them


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In the last frame, I've marked it with an asterisk

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Because I deemed 'An alien has appeared' the most important part of the scene

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There's a low angle suitable for the entrance scene, and detailed instructions for the large frame are also provided

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The placement of characters for the foreground is specified, so even just by reading the script, it's easy to connect it with the storyboard

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By marking such important scenes, it becomes easier to reflect them in the storyboard

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If you write the script in a way that's easy to translate into a storyboard like this, the transition process becomes shorter

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Occasionally, one might not have written a script or failed to prepare it adequately, 

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resulting in a storyboard without a corresponding script


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That happens when there's a separate writer for the script

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If you're familiar with Webtoon production, you can skip this process and go straight from the script to creating the storyboard

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However, for beginners, I recommend converting it into a detailed script,

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even though it may seem a bit cumbersome


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Because while writing the script, you can gauge the direction in your head and also check the length

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And writing is definitely faster than drawing, isn't it?

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It's better to capture the ideas that come to mind in writing before they slip away

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Directing instructions

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Earlier, I mentioned that it's good to write one line of script equivalent to one frame of the storyboard

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However, a common mistake is only counting the number of lines without considering what is included in each line

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Let's look at the next examples

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The protagonist enters, opening the door, and is surprised to see A standing inside, and approaches

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A steps back, as the door closes behind them

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Can you express this in one frame? It's difficult, isn't it

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There's the door to open, the surprise reaction, and the approach

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All happening within one frame, making it quite challenging

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When you write it like this, the script seems appropriately sized, but when you start drawing,

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you may find that the amount increases excessively

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Of course, the issue isn't just about the number of events

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Take a look here

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It's mentioned that the character enters, opening the door

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However, it's also written in the same line that the door closes

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It's not easy for one object to perform multiple actions like this

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While not impossible in comics, it would make the frame feel very cluttered and complicated

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Let's take a look at another example

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The protagonist, with a short sword and wearing light armor, has a tense expression

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In the densely wooded forest where the end is not visible, the protagonist discovers a mushroom house

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At first glance, this doesn't seem impossible

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Since there's a background and a character, it might seem plausible, right?

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However, there's still too much to express

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The protagonist needs to have a sword at their waist, wear armor, show a tense expression

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Depict the densely wooded forest, and also show the mushroom house

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If you draw the protagonist small to emphasize the mushroom house or the forest, their facial expression won't be visible

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If you do a close up to emphasize the facial expression, it'll be difficult to include the house

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In such cases, you can depict the protagonist standing in the dense forest with a tense expression and wearing armor

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It's better to separate the protagonist from discovering the house in the forest, plus the short sword

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Especially if it's the first scene where the mushroom house in the forest or the protagonist appears

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It's important to separate and sequentially present the information

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When writing a script like this, it's important not to include too many scenes at once

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You need to structure it so that one line corresponds to one frame

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One situation at a time

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Then should all actions be separated and written down?

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That's not ideal either because it can make the number of frames excessively long

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This part will be further addressed in the storyboard section

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How should dialogue be written for Webtoons? 

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In many cases, when there's an original work, dialogue from the web novel is often directly used

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However, novels and comics have

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 different reading flows and textual weights

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So using dialogue exactly as it is in the novel 

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May lead to criticisms such as being too verbose or difficult to understand

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Have you ever come across a Webtoon

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where the dialogue was so verbose?


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That it made it difficult to understand the meaning?

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When all the narration is included in the Webtoon, it can make the content too lengthy and reduce the reader's focus

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Excluding such cases, most of the text in Webtoons consists of dialogue

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It's best to write this dialogue portion, which makes up

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The majority of the work, in a readable and concise manner

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Shall we look at the next example?

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Just like in the novel I become the Queen of the Chocolate Kingdom

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I will marry the ruler of this land, Java Chip Frappuccino III, in a grand wedding ceremony

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At first glance, it doesn't seem too long

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However, if you put this in a speech bubble

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This will happen

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The amount of text might feel excessive

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So, eventually, you'll need to cut down the dialogue

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Then

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Just like in the novel I become the Queen of the Chocolate Kingdom

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The Queen of the Chocolate Kingdom'

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I will marry Java Chip Frappuccino III, the ruler of this land, in a grand wedding ceremony

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It can be divided into two parts like this

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It also seems to take a long time to reach the point of the wedding

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And there are too many main concepts,

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giving a little scattered feeling


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So, when there's dialogue like this, you might want to change it slightly to fit the Webtoon style

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It's a good idea to consider the direction and rearrange the dialogue order accordingly

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Let's look at the next example

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I will get married today

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With this person, King Java Chip Frappuccino III

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Just like in the novel I become the Queen of the Chocolate Kingdom

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Now, it's easier to concentrate

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However, the dialogue still feels a bit long

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Moreover, with line breaks, it requires even more drawings

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In that case, considering the context, you can boldly cut down the dialogue

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Just like so

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I will marry today, the king of this country

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Just like in the novel

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At this point, you could illustrate scenes from 'From Novel to Chocolate'

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By writing it this way, the key information about the wedding comes first

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Then, you can supplement it with visuals of the king in the wedding scene

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Additionally, by incorporating the title of the novel into the illustration, you can prevent the dialogue from becoming too lengthy

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Once finalized and summarized with instructions, it would look

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Like this

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We remove any information that can be conveyed through visuals and combine dialogues where possible

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Even lengthy novel dialogues can be easily converted into Webtoon style script

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Does it seem too complex?

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You can start with this method when learning, but once you get used to it, you can adapt it to your own style

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It seems like I would write it in my own style like this

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Like this

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When writing dialogue, it's important to proofread for typos

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In many cases, when creating the storyboard, dialogue from the script is copied and pasted directly

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So, it's convenient to check for spelling and typos in the script before using it in the storyboard

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And I recommend writing dialogue while actually reading it aloud whenever possible

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Surprisingly, reading dialogue aloud often reveals unnatural phrasing

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When expressions like 'to', 'for', 'being' are included

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You can also prevent dialogue from being overly long or short

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While typing, repetitive sounds may seem pleasing

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But when read aloud, they can be a bit annoying

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'Do not try to tailor the importance of our mission to your standards'

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Like this kind of dialogue

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Who would write such kind of dialogues?

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When people are in a hurry or busy, it can happen

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Now that we've finished writing the script, it's time to transfer it into a storyboard

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Then how should we make a storyboard?

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Converting a script into storyboard

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Converting a script into storyboard

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Comics are a medium that translates text into pictures

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What is comics about?

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I think comics are a medium that conveys text through pictures

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Comics with beautiful artwork? That's great

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Comics with simple and basic artwork? That's fine too

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But in the end, those beautiful and simple drawings

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exist to convey the words in comics more effectively and emotionally

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By blending directing aspect with visual delight

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Here, the text can be a message,

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information, opinion, or explanation


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So when transferring script into storyboard,

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it is advisable to visually translate the concepts being explained in the text into a more intuitive form in the drawings


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Time to look at examples

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Let's express the subject matter indicated by the text in an intuitive manner

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Taking it a step further

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If there's a speaker expressing emotions

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Their or the listener's reactions could be depicted in the drawings

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When aiming to capture remarkable or pivotal moments

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It's important to highlight the essence of that moment 

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If you want to convey where it's happening

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Then

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Draw the background

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Like so, you can express it appropriately according to its purpose and intent

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Writing speech bubbles should be centered to make it easier for the reader to follow

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So, to achieve intuitive direction, you simply represent the text of the picture as it is

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Surely, you can intentionally create direction that contradicts or is unrelated

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It's often used to express dilemmas or irony and to create chilling direction

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However, in general frames, it's important to adhere to the instructions as they are to establish a clear narrative flow

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Some artists draw what they want to show in the frame first

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If it's a hand, they draw a hand; if it's an object, they draw the object

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Let's take another example

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A: Please take this. Handing a chocolate. A bashful face

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Chocolate A handing over/ B, Embarrassed expression/ In the background, a university campus

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B: I'm sorry. A: Why not? You are not with someone right now.


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B: That's... / Eye level


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Important frame. B: I have... / C Reminisces


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B: someone I like / Bashful face


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Such a classic content right?

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Shall we turn this script into a storyboard?

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It's done

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In the first frame

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This, chocolate is receiving it

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The character speaking also shows their face

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In the second frame, suffixes are expressed

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By placing the background in the background, it also provides context for the situation

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Can we express this solely with a high angle shot?

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That can be done like that

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However, in this case, since the receiving character is more important, I depicted it with a eye level shot

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The next frame serves as a preparatory shot to support the important indication in the following frame

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I depicted as many situations as possible in one natural eye level shot

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The next frame, that's the one with the important indication, right?

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Someone I like, this frame expresses it

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Expressing it like this would be enough do you think?

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Doesn't it feel like a bit lacking?

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We can add decoration

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Or express it frontally to add a beautiful touch to the expression

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Without explicitly explaining, this character C can imply that they are the person B likes

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And simultaneously, it also provides an answer to the dialogue 'Why?' that was mentioned in the previous frame

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By showing the expression of B, who uttered this line, in the last frame

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It expresses the character's emotions and conveys the truthfulness of the dialogue

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What do you think? Making a storyboard wasn't as difficult as you thought, was it?

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Combining the situation into one frame

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I previously mentioned not to cram too many situations into one frame when writing the script

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But what do you think about this list's name?

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Sometimes, the script might end up being a bit longer than expected

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Or sometimes, while writing the script feels fine, when it comes to illustrating it,

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I realize that the pacing of the frames is too long and there are too many scenes that aren't crucial

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This often happens in dialogue scenes

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Knowing how to compress frames in these situations can be helpful

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Let's assume we have the following dialogue

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A: Do you like him?

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A and B talking in front of a vending machine

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B: No, he's just a guy I know

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B: She ignores him and gets a drink

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A: You hang out with some guy you just know in Hongdae on a Friday night?

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B: Gets surprised

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B: Hey, how did you know that?

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B turns her head towards A

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A: I just assumed but you confesses right away

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The conversation flows well but isn't it too long?

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If we were to express all of this in frames

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It would result in multiple frames like this

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Things aren't even that important but takes up too much volume

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So, in such cases, it's best to gather as much as possible into one frame

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Shall we take a look at the compressed example

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We can compress it like this

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Let's convert this into a storyboard?

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Like so

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With fewer frames than before, it remains clean without significantly affecting the flow, doesn't it?

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If necessary, we can further reduce it from here

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We can also summarize like this

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Did you get a sense of how it can be compressed?

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Combining actions or reactions of characters into a single moment

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And merging subsequent dialogues helps in condensing the content

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As you reduce, each frame carries more information, but the importance of each frame may decrease slightly

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You can adjust by reducing or expanding as needed

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This skill is helpful for quickly adjusting the volume, but if you develop it as a habit

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It can prevent frames from becoming bloated over time

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I recommend getting used to it in advance

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It's closely related to pacing control that will follow later on

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Controlling tempo

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When initially crafting a script, a common mistake is

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'If I use a lot of frames, they'll read it more slowly, right?,'

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Or, 'the farther apart the frames are, the longer they'll take to read?'

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The problem is that this isn't particularly effective

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Increasing the number of frames and spacing them farther apart

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To control the reading pace can lead to an increase in volume without necessarily

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Adding density to the information contained within them

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Foot only frames, eye only frames, sudden realization frames

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Familiar right?

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Often, this results in mixing preparatory actions in frames to transition to the next action

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However, these frames contain little information

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Because they serve to connect one frame to the next

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If there are too many of these frames, readers may not feel compelled to linger on them

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Instead, they might read through them more quickly, without taking their time

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When reading speed increases, more and larger frames are necessary,

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and readers end up reading even faster


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The best approach is to achieve a consistent direction with the help of the text to maintain an appropriate pace

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Let's use techniques like combining frames to increase the amount of information each frame conveys,

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while being mindful not to unnecessarily increase the number of frames


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Writing a script in advance helps prevent the expansion of frames by allowing you to grasp the flow beforehand

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However, is that always feasible?

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Even while writing a script, you might occasionally get carried away 

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And create repetitive frames to build the flow

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It can become a habit, and once you become accustomed to this style, you might naturally continue using it

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So, it's important to develop a habit of documenting important frames

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Using frames that connect important frames before and after,

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and preparing frames, helps readers to follow the flow

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By providing compressed information in other frames

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This is true not only when writing scripts but also in everyday conversations between people

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In conversation, we often use phrases like "by the way" before less important remarks

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Or, Oh! I just remembered something really important!

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By frequently using phrases like this to emphasize subsequent remarks, what effect do you think it will have?

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Ah! I just remembered something really important! Hey, this tteokbokki is delicious! something like this

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At first, people might find it interesting, but later on, they might think, "There they go again, overreacting!

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Or they might think, "There they go again, showing off!

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The same applies to comics directing as well

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It's best to use such directing style only when it's really important

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Typing script format, designing speech bubble

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Another consideration when creating a storyboard is to ensure that script format to be typed at all times

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If you think about the purpose of storyboard, it's easy

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It is a blueprint to build a work

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It's the process of preparation

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So, you should be able to imagine what kind of work you're creating just by looking at it

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This storyboard can be viewed by the writer alone, but it can also be shared with platforms or assistants

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It can also be shown to collaborators such as writers, artists, and others involved in the project

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You could even show it to close friends and ask them if they find it interesting

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But it would be difficult if it's written in illegible handwriting, wouldn't it?

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So, it's better to type it out

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At this point, you can choose fonts and speech bubble styles according to your taste

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But it's best to maintain consistency within the work as I emphasized

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This consistency and uniformity should be considered in terms of speech bubble proportions line thickness,

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the ratio of letter size to space consistent fonts and ensuring that lines do not touch major objects or characters


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Considering these factors would be beneficial

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Determining the proportions of speech bubbles and line thickness is likely to be the most challenging aspect

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I recommend aligning the speech bubble proportions and line thickness with the thickness of the frame lines

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You can use lines that are the same thickness as or slightly thicker than the frame lines

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However, the most important thing is to ensure that speech bubbles serving the same purpose are all the same thickness

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This is crucial

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Speech bubbles for shouting should

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have the same thickness and proportions as other shouting speech bubbles and likewise for dialogue speech bubbles

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This consistency helps the work look cohesive and ensures easy readability without any distracting inconsistencies

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Sometimes you may receive questions like, "Do you prefer vertical speech bubbles or horizontal ones?

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You can follow your own taste as long as they remain consistent throughout the work

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Since speech bubbles exist to convey the text inside,

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they should not be bothering to read


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While creating speech bubbles, it would be better if you could briefly show differences in thickness, proportions, etc.

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The proportion occupied by the text

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When this proportion changes significantly, 

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the difference can be surprisingly noticeable


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Please ensure that the text is centered within the speech bubble and that the proportions remain consistent from the outer edge of the speech bubble to where the text is located

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So, if the text is too large or too small, it might make this proportion look odd, right?

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Fonts

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The same goes with the fonts

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There are actually no fonts that you absolutely shouldn't use

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Make the viewer focus on the content rather than external elements and read comfortably

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Just keep this in mind

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There are times when you might want to do the opposite of what this feature suggests

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If you want to make the font really annoying and cause discomfort for readers in that aspect, then that's your call

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When such an effect is needed, you can boldly use a different font

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Narration and dialogue fonts are often distinguished

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in less extreme cases like this

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This is about the fact that in comics,

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there are many types of lines used, such as frame borders, character outlines, object lines, and various types of speech bubbles

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This means that these elements should not touch each other

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Overlapping is fine

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A slight gap is also fine

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But it's problematic when lines touch directly

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If they are this close together?

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Or

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If they are this close together, it should be fine

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Overlapping or getting them closer together might be better off

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That could indeed give a sense of continuity to the lines

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And create subtle illusions at the points where they meet. It's a detail worth paying attention to

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Writing the script like this will make for a much more enjoyable read

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How was it?

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If you just keep this content in mind,

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it won't be difficult to convert a script to a storyboard at all

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Practice until you get the hang of it!

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Relax and take it easy!

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That concludes today's lesson

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Thank you

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Summary
Writing a script
The purpose of writing a script continuity is to easily grasp the main dialogue, situations, flow, and length of a scene
Script writing TIP
Make sure one can see the entire picture

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A line from the script matches to be a frame of the storyboard
Important directions should be highlighted with asterisks or underlines
Composition of script continuity: Dialogue, scene descriptions, other significant elements, and notes

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Converting a script into storyboard
How to convert a script into storyboard
Convert with intuition
Convert according to the purpose and objective
How to convert script into image storyboard
Cutting scenes that have prolonged pacing and aren't crucial

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Consistent direction and appropriate pacing adjustments through cohesive storytelling
Fonts and Speech bubbles
Speech bubble proportions and line thickness
The proportion of text within the speech bubble
Consistent font style
Avoid overlapping