1
00:00:05.475 --> 00:00:09.825
Webtoon basics
Understanding Webtoons

2
00:00:09.825 --> 00:00:12.525
GCC Academy


3
00:00:12.525 --> 00:00:14.125
Study goals
Can explain the evolution from cartoon to Webtoon


4
00:00:14.125 --> 00:00:15.675
Can xplain the difference of cartoon and Webtoon in terms of page format and scroll format


5
00:00:15.675 --> 00:00:17.275
Study content
Evolution of Webtoon and production process

6
00:00:17.275 --> 00:00:18.825
Characteristics of page format and scroll format

7
00:00:19.025 --> 00:00:21.425
Writer Yong-hoe Gim
∙(Former) Adjunct professor of ChungKang College of Cultural Industries
∙(Former) Dean of Seoul Webtoon Academy

8
00:00:21.425 --> 00:00:23.775
Works
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈Flower that Blooms Again〉 
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈Just Only That〉 
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈A Midsummer Night's Dream〉
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈Masterpiece〉


9
00:00:24.375 --> 00:00:27.050
Hello this is Webtoonist Yong-hoe Gim

10
00:00:28.400 --> 00:00:33.275
Now is an age where countless media contents are available through a phone

11
00:00:33.275 --> 00:00:36.525
From live news to living information

12
00:00:36.525 --> 00:00:40.400
culture trend, drama series and movies, even novels

13
00:00:40.400 --> 00:00:43.489
Many things are readily available with just a phone

14
00:00:44.439 --> 00:00:47.575
Among all of these, the ones that are most closely related to our everyday lives are

15
00:00:47.575 --> 00:00:51.200
social media like Instagram and TikTok


16
00:00:51.200 --> 00:00:56.325
video platforms like YouTube and Netflix, and Webtoon


17
00:00:56.675 --> 00:01:01.875
Webtoon, that became the representative of 'one source multi use' by becoming possible for many people

18
00:01:01.875 --> 00:01:08.275
to enjoy cartoon on mobile phones and became original works of drama series' or movies


19
00:01:08.625 --> 00:01:12.160
This lecture will teach you the whole process

20
00:01:12.160 --> 00:01:14.725
of creating a Webtoon through an experts lecture

21
00:01:14.725 --> 00:01:17.624
for an understanding of Webtoon

22
00:01:17.624 --> 00:01:21.340
In today's lecture, we'll learn what Webtoon is

23
00:01:21.990 --> 00:01:24.774
We'll first learn how cartoon

24
00:01:24.774 --> 00:01:28.924
the parent of Webtoon evolved into Webtoon in Korea


25
00:01:29.440 --> 00:01:34.340
and learn how previous cartoons and Webtoon is different

26
00:01:34.340 --> 00:01:37.824
through the format of page format and scroll format

27
00:01:38.074 --> 00:01:41.874
Evolution of Webtoon and Production Process


28
00:01:42.189 --> 00:01:44.324
What is Webtoon?

29
00:01:44.589 --> 00:01:47.074
Now, where mobile devices are common


30
00:01:47.074 --> 00:01:51.124
the current generation had Webtoon since they were born

31
00:01:51.124 --> 00:01:53.274
and were available for free

32
00:01:53.274 --> 00:01:57.624
so they grew up enjoying Webtoon as a part of their daily life

33
00:01:57.624 --> 00:02:01.199
Webtoon refers to cartoons in vertical scrolling format

34
00:02:01.199 --> 00:02:04.574
suited for mobile device environments 


35
00:02:04.574 --> 00:02:09.174
Cartoon is the original form of Webtoon of now

36
00:02:09.174 --> 00:02:13.960
and this original form will not disappear as long as books exist

37
00:02:14.360 --> 00:02:18.474
In 2024, Korea is in its golden age in cartoon history

38
00:02:18.474 --> 00:02:23.574
with the largest market

39
00:02:23.574 --> 00:02:27.024
after the coinage of the new name 'Webtoon' 

40
00:02:27.024 --> 00:02:32.324
Within the word 'Webtoon,' cartoon has

41
00:02:32.674 --> 00:02:36.039
gained the general definition of 

42
00:02:36.039 --> 00:02:42.039
vertical scroll colored cartoon optimized for mobile phone screens

43
00:02:42.039 --> 00:02:44.350
from digital cartoons viewed on computer monitors

44
00:02:45.000 --> 00:02:49.674
It expanded the domestic market explosively and is spreading the

45
00:02:49.674 --> 00:02:53.170
new cartoon format named Webtoon to the world

46
00:02:53.720 --> 00:02:59.374
Even just 10 years ago, the black and white story delivering media

47
00:02:59.374 --> 00:03:03.240
made with pen dipped in ink on paper

48
00:03:03.240 --> 00:03:06.924
was the typical cartoon of Asia

49
00:03:06.924 --> 00:03:12.960
While Europe and North America's cartoon market advanced to color in the past

50
00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:15.574
Asian cartoons maintained black and white

51
00:03:15.574 --> 00:03:23.074
developing while focusing more on the plot and production of the story

52
00:03:23.479 --> 00:03:28.320
Japan's cartoon industry leaded the Asian cartoon culture

53
00:03:28.320 --> 00:03:31.024
and experimented with new formats and genre

54
00:03:31.024 --> 00:03:34.440
and simultaneously developed the animation market

55
00:03:34.440 --> 00:03:38.440
In Europe and North America where there was little development in terms of format

56
00:03:38.440 --> 00:03:41.924
found charm in the Asian cartoons

57
00:03:41.924 --> 00:03:47.699
Korea, which maintained a significant market in Asia other than Japan

58
00:03:48.199 --> 00:03:53.520
in the late 1990s  when Japan cartoon was taking over the world


59
00:03:53.520 --> 00:03:57.173
[Korean cartoon industry faces challenges in the late 1990s]
sadly experiences a time of extinction

60
00:03:57.520 --> 00:04:03.080
In 1990s, Korea also launches cartoon focused magazines inspired by

61
00:04:03.080 --> 00:04:05.823
Japanese cartoon magazines

62
00:04:05.823 --> 00:04:12.440
Following IQ JUMP of Seoul Media Comics, BOY CHAMP of Daewon, CHANCE of Haksan

63
00:04:12.440 --> 00:04:17.173
YOUNG JUMP, YOUNG CHAMP, BIG JUMP, TWENTY SEVEN, NANA and etc. 

64
00:04:17.173 --> 00:04:22.830
magazines for boys and girls, teenagers, adult men and women

65
00:04:22.830 --> 00:04:27.610
developed while specializing for each age group

66
00:04:28.160 --> 00:04:31.959
If cartoons from cartoon publishers would be printed out as books

67
00:04:31.959 --> 00:04:34.873
20,000 copies were sold nationwide instantly 


68
00:04:34.873 --> 00:04:39.679
thanks to the book rental store, and the industry enjoyed the greatest boom

69
00:04:39.679 --> 00:04:42.440
But within less than 10 years

70
00:04:42.440 --> 00:04:46.600
published cartoon market represented by the magazine cartoon industry 

71
00:04:46.600 --> 00:04:50.679
declined due to the Juvenile Protection Act


72
00:04:50.679 --> 00:04:55.040
and because of this, many cartoonists came out to the streets


73
00:04:55.040 --> 00:04:57.160
demanding freedom of expression

74
00:04:57.160 --> 00:05:03.399
Then with the following 1997 currency crisis, magazines and publishers disappeared

75
00:05:03.399 --> 00:05:06.123
leading into a slump that lasts for more than 10 years

76
00:05:06.373 --> 00:05:10.290
It wasn't in fact just a slump, it was almost withering to death


77
00:05:10.990 --> 00:05:15.223
Most of the people who worked in the cartoon industry left the industry

78
00:05:15.523 --> 00:05:20.669
and the people left were barely holding onto it through education cartoon market for children

79
00:05:21.119 --> 00:05:25.160
At that time, with the supply of high speed internet and personal computers

80
00:05:25.160 --> 00:05:27.823
it was the age of venture businesses 

81
00:05:27.823 --> 00:05:32.873
A new business model of IT industry was quickening world wide

82
00:05:32.873 --> 00:05:37.473
and portal sites appear in Korea as well with the supply of the internet 

83
00:05:37.473 --> 00:05:41.873
Portal sites become an economic index 

84
00:05:41.873 --> 00:05:46.823
with the number of visitors on the internet and the time they stay in the site

85
00:05:46.823 --> 00:05:51.073
so they expanded the entertainment area to attract users 

86
00:05:51.073 --> 00:05:56.473
As short and light cartoons by amateur cartoonists 

87
00:05:56.473 --> 00:05:59.023
started to be consumed for free

88
00:05:59.023 --> 00:06:02.923
Portal sites started free cartoon service with amateurs' short cartoons


89
00:06:02.923 --> 00:06:06.600
Daum Portal makes the 'World in Cartoons' section

90
00:06:06.600 --> 00:06:10.539
and discovers a best seller cartoonist called Kang Full during the beginning of Webtoon

91
00:06:11.289 --> 00:06:15.559
Naver also expanded their cartoon section following Daum


92
00:06:15.559 --> 00:06:18.323
Cho Seok, Joo Ho-min, Lee Mal-nyeon  etc.


93
00:06:18.323 --> 00:06:22.322
and other rookie cartoonists become a part of Naver

94
00:06:22.322 --> 00:06:27.922
Rookie cartoonists used programs developed from photo editing tools

95
00:06:27.922 --> 00:06:34.872
like Photoshop and board tablet by Wacom to draw instead of paper and pen

96
00:06:34.872 --> 00:06:40.972
Rookie cartoonists that generalized the digital working system using Photoshop and board tablets 

97
00:06:40.972 --> 00:06:45.040
Even until this time, cartoon was mostly in page format

98
00:06:45.040 --> 00:06:47.859
viewed on desktop monitors 

99
00:06:48.559 --> 00:06:52.972
After November 2009, when iPhone was released in Korea


100
00:06:52.972 --> 00:06:58.372
IT industry grows around mobile phones' app markets after November 2009

101
00:06:58.760 --> 00:07:02.372
A few years later, cartoons are optimized for small mobile phone viewer size

102
00:07:02.372 --> 00:07:06.949
instead of computer monitors

103
00:07:07.372 --> 00:07:09.672
And the word Webtoon referring to

104
00:07:09.672 --> 00:07:13.072
digital cartoon viewed on mobile phone screens

105
00:07:13.072 --> 00:07:16.572
is generalized 

106
00:07:16.880 --> 00:07:20.772
The period of Daum and Naver's duopoly

107
00:07:20.772 --> 00:07:26.022
was maintained with the cheap basic wages paid to amateur cartoonists by the portal sites

108
00:07:26.022 --> 00:07:29.772
for investment purposes 

109
00:07:29.772 --> 00:07:35.239
Only to established cartoonists with popular works or cartoonists of popular serial works

110
00:07:35.239 --> 00:07:37.972
would be paid differential production cost

111
00:07:37.972 --> 00:07:43.372
For your information, during the magazine cartoon ages in 1998, copy money per page was


112
00:07:43.372 --> 00:07:47.880
more than 100,000won for popular cartoonists, about 35,000won for new cartoonists

113
00:07:47.880 --> 00:07:51.372
and others would get about 50,000won 

114
00:07:51.372 --> 00:07:56.622
releasing 16 pages weekly of 24 pages every two weeks

115
00:07:56.972 --> 00:08:00.760
In the case of weekly release, taking the general 50,000won copy money 

116
00:08:00.760 --> 00:08:03.972
cartoonists were payed copy money of 3,200,000 won monthly


117
00:08:04.322 --> 00:08:08.722
After 10 years, there were price fluctuations 

118
00:08:08.722 --> 00:08:15.472
but in 2013, portal sites' Webtoon copy money was still at about 2~300,000 won per episode 

119
00:08:15.472 --> 00:08:20.472
Most cartoonists were receiving around or little bit more than 1,000,000won monthly

120
00:08:20.472 --> 00:08:28.822
In 2013, Lezhin Comics attempts charging for Webtoons with a women focused user base 

121
00:08:28.822 --> 00:08:32.979
And they offer minimum monthly copy money of 2,000,000 won for new cartoonists 


122
00:08:33.429 --> 00:08:37.472
As Lezhin succeeds in paid Webtoon platform on its own

123
00:08:37.472 --> 00:08:40.960
Daum and Naver also adopts a preview system

124
00:08:40.960 --> 00:08:43.722
making profit structure of current cartoonists 

125
00:08:43.722 --> 00:08:47.972
The Webtoon trend of this time was lightness

126
00:08:47.972 --> 00:08:51.621
The story, and the drawing style as well

127
00:08:51.621 --> 00:08:56.471
cartoons that can be consumed lightly and relaxed were popular

128
00:08:56.880 --> 00:09:01.521
As the preview system was confirmed to be a huge profit model

129
00:09:01.521 --> 00:09:06.399
the Webtoon section of portal sites become separate, branching as Webtoon corporates 

130
00:09:06.799 --> 00:09:10.121
Making Webtoon apps that are independent of the portal sites

131
00:09:10.121 --> 00:09:20.221
older cartoonists from the period of publishing cartoon also joined the Webtoon market, speeding it up qualitatively and quantitatively 

132
00:09:20.221 --> 00:09:23.880
Comedy or daily life Webtoons that were

133
00:09:23.880 --> 00:09:28.571
popular creating the new major of Webtoon 

134
00:09:28.571 --> 00:09:35.521
could not make profit off the preview system so disappeared 


135
00:09:35.521 --> 00:09:41.039
With the supply of cartoon creating program Clip Studio Paint and screen tablet 

136
00:09:41.039 --> 00:09:44.321
digital creations' quality starts to increase 

137
00:09:44.321 --> 00:09:49.571
Popular cartoonists earn over 100 million wons with preview profits 

138
00:09:49.571 --> 00:09:52.320
Agencies that were in small groups 

139
00:09:52.320 --> 00:09:56.221
grow with investments thanks to the increase in profitability of the Webtoon market 

140
00:09:56.221 --> 00:10:00.970
Daum's 'World in Cartoons' misses the timing for growth 

141
00:10:01.520 --> 00:10:04.679
becoming a political variable of Daum portal

142
00:10:04.679 --> 00:10:07.171
and Naver steals the lead

143
00:10:07.171 --> 00:10:12.971
Afterwards, following the corporate merger of Daum and Kakao, its name changed to Kakao Webtoon


144
00:10:12.971 --> 00:10:16.479
A Kakao Page series with a Web novel original work

145
00:10:16.479 --> 00:10:19.479
〈Solo Leveling〉 made a huge hit


146
00:10:19.479 --> 00:10:22.871
speeding up Webtoonization of Web novels 

147
00:10:23.371 --> 00:10:26.760
Naver Webtoon and Kakao page 

148
00:10:26.760 --> 00:10:30.779
establish local Webtoon platforms in Japan and North America

149
00:10:31.629 --> 00:10:34.971
As agencies and Webtoon creators increased


150
00:10:34.971 --> 00:10:40.571
a golden age of studio made Web novel based Webtoons were brought


151
00:10:40.571 --> 00:10:46.871
Web novel publishers Webtoonize their main IP to a internal studio production format

152
00:10:46.871 --> 00:10:51.021
The largest cartoon market in Korea in history was made

153
00:10:51.021 --> 00:10:57.021
Korean Webtoon settles in the world market 

154
00:10:57.409 --> 00:11:00.960
And now, post-COVID

155
00:11:00.960 --> 00:11:04.671
visitors of Webtoon platforms have started to decrease

156
00:11:04.671 --> 00:11:07.280
It does also seem like a temporary incidence 

157
00:11:07.280 --> 00:11:09.871
that does not put the market itself in danger

158
00:11:09.871 --> 00:11:14.321
Even after post-COVID the Webtoon industry is kept large in scale

159
00:11:14.321 --> 00:11:17.840
Naver Webtoon and Kakao page are profiting by

160
00:11:17.840 --> 00:11:23.440
opening Webtoon platforms in North America and Europe after Japan

161
00:11:23.440 --> 00:11:29.770
Lezhin and Toptoon, Toomics are also providing platforms abroad 

162
00:11:29.770 --> 00:11:34.520
Webtoon platforms other than Naver and Kakao

163
00:11:34.520 --> 00:11:38.039
[Lezhin, Toptoon, Toomics]
settled in the market focusing on adult content


164
00:11:38.039 --> 00:11:41.070
and especially platforms targeting female audience is strong

165
00:11:41.070 --> 00:11:43.520
Naver and Kakao Webtoon platforms also

166
00:11:43.520 --> 00:11:48.420
make meaningful results with some female-targeted adult content publishing

167
00:11:48.420 --> 00:11:52.020
seeking diversifying genre based profit system 

168
00:11:52.020 --> 00:11:56.270
The two Webtoon platforms seem to be putting focus on

169
00:11:56.620 --> 00:12:01.940
not only Web novel based works but also launching original works by individual cartoonists

170
00:12:02.390 --> 00:12:07.420
Readers have departmentalized even more in terms of age group and genre

171
00:12:07.420 --> 00:12:12.570
Choosing and placing the right pieces based on the demand of the readers 

172
00:12:12.840 --> 00:12:15.280
Watching the growth of the Webtoon market

173
00:12:15.280 --> 00:12:18.820
the people that saw the rise and fall of published cartoon market

174
00:12:19.159 --> 00:12:23.670
have felt déjà vus since a few years ago and have worried

175
00:12:23.670 --> 00:12:30.359
Genre biasing for profit only eventually will lead to only have core readers 

176
00:12:30.359 --> 00:12:33.520
and the market will get distanced from the public interest 


177
00:12:33.520 --> 00:12:37.570
If profit falls, production payment falls 

178
00:12:37.570 --> 00:12:43.570
downgrading the production environment, decreasing the quality of the work

179
00:12:43.570 --> 00:12:47.280
They experienced even the core readers turning their backs 

180
00:12:47.280 --> 00:12:50.370
during the cartoon magazine and published cartoon period

181
00:12:50.670 --> 00:12:56.320
so they have been warning and worried that it does not happen again in the Webtoon period 

182
00:12:56.570 --> 00:13:02.820
But unlike publishing operators the Webtoon market built by IT operators

183
00:13:02.820 --> 00:13:07.520
grew expanding their market to the global market

184
00:13:07.520 --> 00:13:12.570
Now in 2023, as the growth of the Webtoon industry is slowing down

185
00:13:12.570 --> 00:13:15.520
many agencies and producers 

186
00:13:15.520 --> 00:13:20.000
are seeking survival as not enough profit is secured

187
00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:22.370
compared to the expanded market 

188
00:13:22.370 --> 00:13:29.220
As production cost increased profit cost was increased in studio format works

189
00:13:29.679 --> 00:13:34.170
Before, production was possible with a profit of 30 million won monthly 

190
00:13:34.170 --> 00:13:39.420
but now it's been long that at least 60 million won is needed monthly to maintain production

191
00:13:39.420 --> 00:13:43.599
Due to this, producers also try making color team in South East Asia

192
00:13:43.599 --> 00:13:47.220
where labor cost is low in an attempt to decrease production costs

193
00:13:47.770 --> 00:13:50.880
Like this, nobody knows how the turbulent growth of 

194
00:13:50.880 --> 00:13:54.570
the Webtoon industry will continue

195
00:13:54.960 --> 00:13:58.919
It is just that the cartoonists have the responsibilty

196
00:13:58.919 --> 00:14:01.840
to create what they want to create and make it fun

197
00:14:02.590 --> 00:14:05.320
Now we'll learn how Webtoons are created

198
00:14:05.320 --> 00:14:09.369
[Webtoon production process]
following the production steps


199
00:14:09.840 --> 00:14:12.320
As the basis of Webtoon is cartoons

200
00:14:12.320 --> 00:14:16.419
the production process is not very different from cartoon production process

201
00:14:16.869 --> 00:14:20.640
When you see the production process of cartoon and Webtoon

202
00:14:20.640 --> 00:14:22.719
Discovering and planning the topic

203
00:14:22.719 --> 00:14:25.320
Planning the plot and characters

204
00:14:25.320 --> 00:14:28.640
Total synopsis following the unfolding of events

205
00:14:28.640 --> 00:14:34.869
Planning and relocating the plot from character-focused to event-focused

206
00:14:34.869 --> 00:14:41.359
Writing written storyboard for each episode with the calculation of cuts aimed to image the plot 

207
00:14:41.359 --> 00:14:45.400
Then make the image storyboard and sketch

208
00:14:45.400 --> 00:14:50.169
Line it, color it and touch it up

209
00:14:50.169 --> 00:14:53.719
And lastly with final editing, it is done

210
00:14:54.760 --> 00:14:59.000
First, discovering and planning the topic comes from stories of daily life

211
00:14:59.000 --> 00:15:03.200
or a story from a genre that one had fun seeing

212
00:15:03.200 --> 00:15:08.479
or something that seems fun 

213
00:15:08.479 --> 00:15:11.430
and turning that into a story

214
00:15:12.080 --> 00:15:17.169
Second, planning the plot and characters is from the planned topic

215
00:15:17.169 --> 00:15:20.359
with primary story planning that is event-focused

216
00:15:20.359 --> 00:15:23.719
narrative based on the protagonists character

217
00:15:23.719 --> 00:15:27.869
along with the character's physical appearance design done simultaneously 

218
00:15:28.169 --> 00:15:33.900
so once the simulation is done, a basic relationships of individuals are established 

219
00:15:35.200 --> 00:15:37.960
It is good to take the story simulation light

220
00:15:37.960 --> 00:15:41.850
from the main character's point of view, up until the ending

221
00:15:42.400 --> 00:15:44.840
The ending of the story might change

222
00:15:44.840 --> 00:15:48.119
but if you know the direction of where to go

223
00:15:48.119 --> 00:15:50.490
you at least don't get lost

224
00:15:51.440 --> 00:15:55.719
Third, the total synopsis following the unfolding of events

225
00:15:55.719 --> 00:15:58.469
must be organized into a single page of an A4 paper

226
00:15:58.469 --> 00:16:05.269
separating the whole plot into 4 big events with introduction, development, turn, and conclusion

227
00:16:05.269 --> 00:16:09.819
but needs one key sentence that represents the plot 

228
00:16:09.819 --> 00:16:13.419
That is a log line 

229
00:16:13.419 --> 00:16:17.280
Fourth, planning and relocating the plot that was in linear time

230
00:16:17.280 --> 00:16:22.669
 to character- and event-focused story

231
00:16:22.669 --> 00:16:25.919
This is called plot

232
00:16:25.919 --> 00:16:29.968
Like this, the rough total story line organized

233
00:16:30.468 --> 00:16:36.568
In the case of long stories, situations and details are added along the release of episodes

234
00:16:36.968 --> 00:16:42.039
When the prepared narrative is short so it reaches the ending of the story

235
00:16:42.039 --> 00:16:46.768
but one has to keep going with the work due to the popularity of the piece

236
00:16:46.768 --> 00:16:52.918
one can repeat the steps 1 to 4 and prepare a story

237
00:16:52.918 --> 00:16:58.119
Fifth, writing written storyboard for each episode 


238
00:16:58.119 --> 00:17:00.518
with the calculation of cuts aimed to image the plot 

239
00:17:00.518 --> 00:17:08.768
Usually lines or situation depiction is organized for every 3 episodes considering the actual cut count 

240
00:17:08.768 --> 00:17:13.318
Sixth, image storyboard determines based on the written storyboard 

241
00:17:13.318 --> 00:17:16.359
the line distribution, placement of speech bubbles

242
00:17:16.359 --> 00:17:23.018
size of cuts and camera angles and shot

243
00:17:23.018 --> 00:17:28.930
Seventh, you start sketching based on the storyboard that is prepared

244
00:17:28.930 --> 00:17:31.699
and that way the sketching process will be less demanding

245
00:17:32.118 --> 00:17:39.818
Eighth, lining is a process related to drawing the characters, backgrounds, sketchup etc. 

246
00:17:39.818 --> 00:17:45.079
3D sources like sketchup are put in when doing the sketching in prior

247
00:17:45.079 --> 00:17:48.468
so the sketch and lining process is done easier 

248
00:17:48.468 --> 00:17:52.520
Nineth, adding color and final touches 

249
00:17:52.520 --> 00:17:54.868
that fit the lined drawings 

250
00:17:54.868 --> 00:18:00.568
Especially the final touches are important in Webtoons because of the light effects 

251
00:18:00.568 --> 00:18:05.418
This is because Webtoon is viewed on shining phone screens

252
00:18:05.418 --> 00:18:10.480
Lastly the final editing is checking typos, final organization of lines

253
00:18:10.480 --> 00:18:14.668
cut harmony within the scroll format

254
00:18:14.668 --> 00:18:18.168
Webtoons are created usually following these steps

255
00:18:18.168 --> 00:18:22.920
For the black and white published cartoons before Webtoons, color is an option

256
00:18:22.920 --> 00:18:27.068
so the order from the planning to the production of it isn't much different

257
00:18:27.068 --> 00:18:29.280
When preparing the story, no matter how much you prepare for it

258
00:18:29.280 --> 00:18:32.718
there will always be something lacking 

259
00:18:32.718 --> 00:18:40.168
It is impossible to have all the plot planned out and then starting the drawing 

260
00:18:40.418 --> 00:18:44.318
So it is also important to build the character

261
00:18:44.318 --> 00:18:48.839
Even during events, the characters need to be

262
00:18:48.839 --> 00:18:52.368
the core of the plot with their own personalities to not let the story shake

263
00:18:52.618 --> 00:18:56.518
Characteristics of page format and scroll format

264
00:18:57.079 --> 00:19:00.117
We'll learn about page format of published cartoons

265
00:19:00.117 --> 00:19:04.917
The largest difference of published cartoon and Webtoon is the viewer

266
00:19:05.280 --> 00:19:09.959
Even in the current era of Webtoons, cartoon books are still being printed

267
00:19:09.959 --> 00:19:12.769
and are also provided as electronic books

268
00:19:13.719 --> 00:19:18.510
Out of Korea, still in Japan, North America and Europe

269
00:19:18.510 --> 00:19:22.019
page format cartoon is seen by many readers 


270
00:19:22.019 --> 00:19:24.667
as books or electronic books 

271
00:19:24.667 --> 00:19:32.920
Also, popular Webtoons are re-edited into books and published

272
00:19:32.920 --> 00:19:37.067
Readers' desire to own the pieces that they like

273
00:19:37.417 --> 00:19:40.817
have gone beyond paying for and buying it on the platform

274
00:19:40.817 --> 00:19:45.617
and has reached to the desire to own the material book 

275
00:19:45.959 --> 00:19:48.319
Apart from these commercial reasons

276
00:19:48.319 --> 00:19:52.067
Webtoon is a evolved form of cartoon

277
00:19:52.067 --> 00:19:57.917
so it is helpful to understand cartoon and know the differences

278
00:19:57.917 --> 00:20:03.560
Published cartoons are in page view format that places

279
00:20:03.560 --> 00:20:06.567
various cuts in a page that is standardized to a book format

280
00:20:06.567 --> 00:20:09.479
Like the famous modern painting of Mondrian

281
00:20:09.479 --> 00:20:13.880
with just size, shapes and color distributions of the rectangles

282
00:20:13.880 --> 00:20:16.367
artistic inspiration is delivered


283
00:20:16.367 --> 00:20:22.660
Cuts in page format lets readers feel beauty of composition with just the

284
00:20:22.660 --> 00:20:26.217
size and shape of the cuts 

285
00:20:26.467 --> 00:20:31.467
It is like small tiles placed in a large frame

286
00:20:31.467 --> 00:20:35.490
There is something that you can naturally feel as you read cartoons

287
00:20:36.040 --> 00:20:40.617
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 1]
First, there's direction of the gaze when reading the cartoon


288
00:20:40.917 --> 00:20:44.160
Rectangular cuts of cartoons each have

289
00:20:44.160 --> 00:20:47.117
information to deliver the story


290
00:20:47.117 --> 00:20:51.140
The gaze of the reader instinctively  

291
00:20:51.640 --> 00:20:56.839
flows from left to right, top to bottom

292
00:20:56.839 --> 00:20:59.599
Of course like in Japan there are exceptions

293
00:20:59.599 --> 00:21:02.467
like when books are read from right to left


294
00:21:02.467 --> 00:21:07.767
But most people's gaze flows from left to right

295
00:21:07.767 --> 00:21:14.117
Flow of gaze is proven in the drawing, photo, video arts fields 

296
00:21:14.117 --> 00:21:19.839
The flow from top to bottom can be assumed that it is due to the effect of gravity

297
00:21:19.839 --> 00:21:23.917
but I thought why would the left to right flow would be

298
00:21:23.917 --> 00:21:28.917
Most humans use tools with their right hand


299
00:21:28.917 --> 00:21:32.239
Especially if we say that one holds a wooden stick

300
00:21:32.239 --> 00:21:35.666
to protect oneself from danger

301
00:21:35.666 --> 00:21:40.330
the right side is protected with the weapon held on the right hand

302
00:21:40.680 --> 00:21:42.880
the empty left side is more concerned

303
00:21:42.880 --> 00:21:46.666
making the gaze flow from left to right

304
00:21:46.666 --> 00:21:50.000
I guess that right handed human kind's

305
00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:52.280
left-first gaze is for this reason

306
00:21:52.680 --> 00:21:55.816
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 2]
Secondly, there's cut sizes


307
00:21:55.816 --> 00:22:00.566
There are cartoons with fixed cut sizes that are constant

308
00:22:00.566 --> 00:22:05.710
but most cuts of page cartoons are combinations of various cut sizes

309
00:22:06.160 --> 00:22:11.966
What and how would the cut sized be determined when placing the cuts? 

310
00:22:11.966 --> 00:22:15.040
In the beginning, the amount of lines or narrations

311
00:22:15.040 --> 00:22:19.616
or the background information of the image like 

312
00:22:19.616 --> 00:22:25.416
huge plains, overwhelming big mountains, or small objects determined the cut sizes

313
00:22:25.416 --> 00:22:30.216
when the story was narrative-focused but now as dramatic situation depiction

314
00:22:30.216 --> 00:22:35.266
like plays or movies are actively expressed in cartoons

315
00:22:35.266 --> 00:22:40.266
cut sizes are determined based on emotions now

316
00:22:40.616 --> 00:22:43.880
There is now a need to boldly enlarge the 

317
00:22:43.880 --> 00:22:46.716
size of cuts to deliver strong emotions

318
00:22:46.716 --> 00:22:51.119
Apart from showing scenery with big cuts

319
00:22:51.119 --> 00:22:53.716
when the main character's emotion explodes

320
00:22:53.716 --> 00:22:57.560
the emotional impact is needed

321
00:22:57.560 --> 00:23:01.160
so big cuts are used also in character's close up scenes


322
00:23:01.160 --> 00:23:04.319
It is obvious but placing small cuts before 

323
00:23:04.319 --> 00:23:07.400
the big cuts that express strong emotions

324
00:23:07.400 --> 00:23:12.466
create a contrast in size, enhancing the impact of the big cut

325
00:23:12.466 --> 00:23:16.580
Once these basic notions are generalized, irony is possible

326
00:23:16.880 --> 00:23:18.966
Emotions that are quiet but have big impact

327
00:23:18.966 --> 00:23:22.959
can be expressed with dramatically small drawing inside a big cut or a small cut

328
00:23:22.959 --> 00:23:28.450
in a way that is very concentrated and focused

329
00:23:28.800 --> 00:23:31.616
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 3]
Thirdly, there's a connection of cuts


330
00:23:31.616 --> 00:23:34.560
In page cartoons there needs a flow of transition

331
00:23:34.560 --> 00:23:37.316
when it moves on the to next page

332
00:23:37.640 --> 00:23:41.920
The last cut of this page needs to be

333
00:23:41.920 --> 00:23:44.066
connected with the first cut of the next page

334
00:23:44.066 --> 00:23:46.800
so the first and last cut of the page 

335
00:23:46.800 --> 00:23:49.009
is more important than any other

336
00:23:49.409 --> 00:23:53.520
Using vanishing cuts that gradually becomes smaller at the end of a page

337
00:23:53.520 --> 00:23:59.660
or the first cut of the next page having a stage or view point change 

338
00:23:59.660 --> 00:24:01.850
is used in that context

339
00:24:02.400 --> 00:24:04.990
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 4]
Fourth, the function of spaces


340
00:24:04.990 --> 00:24:09.615
The spaces between cuts naturally become time

341
00:24:09.615 --> 00:24:12.965
It becomes 0.1 seconds and also becomes 100 years

342
00:24:12.965 --> 00:24:15.959
Like this using the space between two cuts

343
00:24:15.959 --> 00:24:19.165
physical time can be expressed

344
00:24:19.165 --> 00:24:24.060
so it can produce a jump cut effect that is very important in production

345
00:24:24.565 --> 00:24:28.959
Jump cut is a production method that

346
00:24:28.959 --> 00:24:32.015
jumps right to the next situation without delay of time or emotion

347
00:24:32.015 --> 00:24:36.400
so it doesn't connect the character's movement or situation naturally

348
00:24:36.400 --> 00:24:41.715
but intentionally cut it off and create speed

349
00:24:41.715 --> 00:24:44.839
I just organized the formal characteristics of cartoons

350
00:24:44.839 --> 00:24:50.839
into first gaze, second cut size, third connection between cuts

351
00:24:50.839 --> 00:24:55.000
and fourth the function of spaces

352
00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:57.719
When you read your favorite cartoons

353
00:24:57.719 --> 00:25:00.520
if you focus on these four characteristics 

354
00:25:00.520 --> 00:25:02.920
you will be able to feel another fun in it

355
00:25:02.920 --> 00:25:07.815
Page format cartoon is optimized for book print format viewers 

356
00:25:07.815 --> 00:25:15.265
Page view format cartoon can be inconvenient to view on mobile phones 

357
00:25:15.265 --> 00:25:18.715
For long, cartoons have been in page formats

358
00:25:18.715 --> 00:25:23.815
This is still true, and still in many places on Earth

359
00:25:23.815 --> 00:25:28.465
page format cartoons are created, published, and spread

360
00:25:28.465 --> 00:25:35.815
After 1997 Korean cartoon industry experienced hardship due to external reasons 

361
00:25:35.815 --> 00:25:39.920
After enduring a 10 year slump

362
00:25:39.920 --> 00:25:42.515
a new cartoon market was born

363
00:25:42.515 --> 00:25:45.915
In 2009, since the iPhone was released in Korea

364
00:25:45.915 --> 00:25:50.665
IT industry grew centered around mobile phone app market

365
00:25:50.665 --> 00:25:54.265
and cartoon sections on portal sites quickly moved from computer monitors 

366
00:25:54.265 --> 00:25:58.315
to optimized for mobile phone screens

367
00:25:58.640 --> 00:26:03.000
On desktop computer monitors, the existing page view format was

368
00:26:03.000 --> 00:26:07.110
able to stay as is in terms of size

369
00:26:07.560 --> 00:26:12.565
but to view it on mobile phones, the letters and pictures small and inconvenient to view

370
00:26:12.565 --> 00:26:18.015
Cartoonists starting looking for the best format for mobile phone screen size

371
00:26:18.015 --> 00:26:24.040
They enlarge the letters, adjust the cut shapes to fit the vertical phone screen

372
00:26:24.040 --> 00:26:28.680
and seek for the right composition that is convenient to view on small screens

373
00:26:28.680 --> 00:26:33.160
In this period of adaptation and evolution

374
00:26:33.160 --> 00:26:36.064
the new name Webtoon was also born

375
00:26:36.439 --> 00:26:40.414
If the existing cartoon industry was an industry of publishers 

376
00:26:40.414 --> 00:26:44.759
the cartoon industry of now has become an industry of IT operators

377
00:26:45.359 --> 00:26:49.680
Webtoon is a vertical scroll format color cartoon

378
00:26:49.680 --> 00:26:52.814
that has mobile phones as the basic viewer

379
00:26:52.814 --> 00:26:58.364
The cartoon viewer has changed from books to phones

380
00:26:58.364 --> 00:27:01.499
The cases of using horizontal screens

381
00:27:01.499 --> 00:27:04.914
are only when watching videos like drama series or movies

382
00:27:04.914 --> 00:27:07.090
or when playing mobile games

383
00:27:07.640 --> 00:27:12.959
Page cartoon reading has a gaze of horizontal to vertical

384
00:27:12.959 --> 00:27:15.719
and horizontal gaze flow was important

385
00:27:15.719 --> 00:27:19.400
But phones have their horizontal blocked 

386
00:27:19.400 --> 00:27:22.414
Instead, the vertical has become infinite 

387
00:27:22.414 --> 00:27:27.520
The spaces that were time in page cartoons also gained vertical freedom

388
00:27:27.520 --> 00:27:31.239
By expanding the time of emotion with the vertical length

389
00:27:31.239 --> 00:27:33.040
emotion can be also expanded


390
00:27:33.040 --> 00:27:35.864
The time of emotion can also be delayed

391
00:27:35.864 --> 00:27:42.264
Readers can more actively experience the physical time through Webtoons

392
00:27:42.264 --> 00:27:46.040
The wideness that was shown horizontally is now shown vertically

393
00:27:46.040 --> 00:27:51.314
With fancier colors and effects that are optimized to advanced phones 

394
00:27:51.314 --> 00:27:54.914
Screens of phones shine light unlike paper

395
00:27:54.914 --> 00:28:00.364
[Mobile phone viewer environment characteristic 1]
Strong and effective light expression


396
00:28:00.364 --> 00:28:04.314
Viewer environment for viewing cartoon on phones

397
00:28:04.314 --> 00:28:09.439
[Mobile phone viewer environment characteristic 2]
created a cartoon market called Webtoon of all-color, vertical scroll format

398
00:28:09.439 --> 00:28:11.764
and it is developing fiercely 

399
00:28:11.764 --> 00:28:16.280
It isn't simply the vertical scroll mobile phone environment

400
00:28:16.280 --> 00:28:18.564
that made this development

401
00:28:18.564 --> 00:28:24.064
It is because operators saw the industrial scale of Webtoons and the potential of it

402
00:28:24.064 --> 00:28:27.319
[Growth of Webtoon 1]
Introduction of the preview system


403
00:28:27.319 --> 00:28:30.064
As high profit contents with hundreds of millions of profit were created

404
00:28:30.439 --> 00:28:35.040
production environment with high investment and dense block buster

405
00:28:35.040 --> 00:28:38.364
level products 

406
00:28:38.364 --> 00:28:42.400
[Growth of Webtoon 2]
Webtoon platforms founding corporates abroad


407
00:28:42.400 --> 00:28:46.164
They start expanding the Webtoon industry to abroad

408
00:28:46.760 --> 00:28:51.514
Naver successfully leads Webtoon industry in Japan

409
00:28:51.514 --> 00:28:57.764
using the messenger 'Line' that is settle abroad and providing 'Line Manga'

410
00:28:58.119 --> 00:29:02.664
Kakao also sits in the place of competition with Piccoma

411
00:29:02.664 --> 00:29:08.413
Naver Webtoon and Kakao Piccoma is expanding the fields of the Webtoon industry to

412
00:29:08.413 --> 00:29:14.263
North America and Europe as well, based on their success in Japan

413
00:29:14.263 --> 00:29:19.363
With the Webtoon industry thriving, agencies and production studios increased

414
00:29:19.363 --> 00:29:23.763
[Growth of Webtoon 3]
Changed the production scale as well with the studio format team production


415
00:29:23.763 --> 00:29:28.413
With novel comics based on Web novels gaining popularity 

416
00:29:28.413 --> 00:29:33.479
[Trends of Webtoons 1]
Genres with the main character returning in time, being possessed, or reincarnating 


417
00:29:33.479 --> 00:29:36.163
has also become a typical trend

418
00:29:36.163 --> 00:29:40.163
Trends that were in minor markets

419
00:29:40.163 --> 00:29:45.319
[Trends of Webtoons 2]
like BL, hetero, and age-restricted female-reader base genres


420
00:29:45.319 --> 00:29:49.713
also became a new trend and an important content of the Webtoon market 

421
00:29:49.713 --> 00:29:55.479
The Webtoon industry has grown quickly for more than the last 10 years

422
00:29:55.479 --> 00:29:57.363
drawing a upward sloping graph

423
00:29:57.363 --> 00:30:03.113
Studio team format production of Webtoon producers specialized the production parts

424
00:30:03.113 --> 00:30:06.800
each parts have become more expertized 

425
00:30:06.800 --> 00:30:09.313
and that much more labor is put in

426
00:30:09.313 --> 00:30:11.613
To maintain what is put in

427
00:30:11.613 --> 00:30:15.263
that much profit must be made and maintained

428
00:30:15.263 --> 00:30:21.063
Due to this, a genre bias is created where producers lean towards genres that do well

429
00:30:21.063 --> 00:30:25.439
Genre bias makes readers that want to see quality content of various fields

430
00:30:25.439 --> 00:30:28.513
quickly lose interest

431
00:30:28.513 --> 00:30:32.520
Genre bias is not a good news to 

432
00:30:32.520 --> 00:30:34.813
neither readers nor producers 

433
00:30:34.813 --> 00:30:41.613
Post-COVID, visitors of domestic Webtoon platforms are decreasing

434
00:30:41.613 --> 00:30:43.800
There will be complex reasons

435
00:30:43.800 --> 00:30:49.010
but it might be a choice of readers that stem from the mass production of the genre biased

436
00:30:49.010 --> 00:30:51.213
Webtoons that are familiar to them

437
00:30:51.213 --> 00:30:53.419
It might be that the readers' trend is

438
00:30:53.419 --> 00:30:57.163
moving to a personal and intimate stories

439
00:30:57.163 --> 00:31:01.263
that were lacking before

440
00:31:01.263 --> 00:31:07.113
Genre bias is a early stage process that every genre goes through when it becomes a trend

441
00:31:07.463 --> 00:31:13.913
After that process, it settles as a genre group and makes a new area

442
00:31:13.913 --> 00:31:18.760
Eventually, there will be more genres in the market

443
00:31:18.760 --> 00:31:21.713
and become a part in the genre diversity

444
00:31:21.713 --> 00:31:24.663
Trend always changes

445
00:31:24.663 --> 00:31:28.863
Returning, possession, reincarnation has become a typical novel comics and was mass produced

446
00:31:28.863 --> 00:31:30.800
turning into a stereotype

447
00:31:31.400 --> 00:31:34.963
but readers are again waiting for something new

448
00:31:34.963 --> 00:31:38.812
Typicalness is a pattern of popularity


449
00:31:38.812 --> 00:31:43.612
It needs to be studied before it is thrown out

450
00:31:43.612 --> 00:31:47.712
It can only be avoided or modified when studied

451
00:31:47.712 --> 00:31:50.199
[Trend comes back in certain cycles]
The fact that trend comes back


452
00:31:50.199 --> 00:31:53.912
is that there is a generational rotating cycle of typicalness

453
00:31:53.912 --> 00:31:58.610
and won't that mean that there aren't much typicalness then? 

454
00:31:59.160 --> 00:32:03.762
We need to renew the typical to fit the generation

455
00:32:03.762 --> 00:32:08.312
In people, the horizontal instinct exists

456
00:32:08.312 --> 00:32:13.712
Cartoons on Instagram or advertisement cartoon in card formats

457
00:32:13.712 --> 00:32:15.912
swipe the cuts horizontally

458
00:32:16.280 --> 00:32:18.800
Cut toons also exist in similar format

459
00:32:19.400 --> 00:32:24.512
But they still aren't in page format


460
00:32:24.512 --> 00:32:32.662
Japan and North America where page format cartoon market is largely present

461
00:32:33.160 --> 00:32:36.280
Readers who feel fatigue with fancy colors

462
00:32:36.280 --> 00:32:38.160
also seek black and white cartoons

463
00:32:38.760 --> 00:32:42.599
Indie cartoon pieces independent from capital

464
00:32:42.599 --> 00:32:45.959
also are still created and published as small but lovely 

465
00:32:45.959 --> 00:32:48.462
media to cartoon kids

466
00:32:49.079 --> 00:32:51.479
The cartoonist Keykney 

467
00:32:51.479 --> 00:32:56.359
who has lead his own cartoon world communicating with the readers through Instagram

468
00:32:56.359 --> 00:33:00.262
has made a succeed that is different from Webtoon

469
00:33:00.262 --> 00:33:03.712
The speed of AI technology developing is scary

470
00:33:03.712 --> 00:33:09.912
Full-color high quality cartoon, Webtoon production is already possible with AI

471
00:33:09.912 --> 00:33:16.462
We need to predict and prepare for what flow the AI will bring to the Webtoon industry 

472
00:33:16.462 --> 00:33:21.199
No matter what choice is made, cartoonists must find

473
00:33:21.199 --> 00:33:25.112
something of their own that will lead the readers' compassion and develop it 

474
00:33:25.112 --> 00:33:29.520
The fact that active choices of readers 

475
00:33:29.520 --> 00:33:31.812
lengthens the lives of the pieces that they like

476
00:33:31.812 --> 00:33:36.012
and create new ones does not change

477
00:33:36.012 --> 00:33:39.680
Cartoonists are readers before being a cartoonist

478
00:33:39.680 --> 00:33:41.762
They need to be active readers

479
00:33:42.160 --> 00:33:46.062
It is because all cartoons, Webtoons eventually head to the readers

480
00:33:46.062 --> 00:33:49.800
and it is a public art media that shines 

481
00:33:49.800 --> 00:33:54.290
with the choice of the readers, thank you


482
00:33:55.312 --> 00:33:56.012
□ What is Webtoon?
- Cartoons in vertical scrolling format suited for mobile phone environments 


483
00:33:56.012 --> 00:33:56.712
□ What is cartoon?
- The original form of Webtoon is now


484
00:33:56.712 --> 00:33:57.512
□ Evolution of Webtoon
- The Korean cartoon industry faces challenges in the late 1990s

485
00:33:57.512 --> 00:33:58.312
- November 2009, cartoons started to optimize for mobile phone viewer size when mobile phone-centered app market grows

486
00:33:58.312 --> 00:33:59.212
- 2024 now, with the adoption of the preview system, hundred millions profit content appeared 


487
00:33:59.212 --> 00:34:00.062
- With the Webtoon industry thriving, agencies and production studios increased, changing the production scale with the studio format team production


488
00:34:00.062 --> 00:34:01.412
□ Webtoon production process
1. Discovering and planning the topic
2. Planning the plot and characters

489
00:34:01.412 --> 00:34:02.762
3. Total synopsis following the unfolding of events
4. Planning and relocating the plot from character-focused to event-focused

490
00:34:02.762 --> 00:34:04.112
5. Writing a written storyboard for each episode with the calculation of cuts aimed to image the plot 
6. Making the image storyboard


491
00:34:04.112 --> 00:34:05.412
7. Sketching 8. Lining
9. Coloring and final touches 10. Final editing


492
00:34:05.412 --> 00:34:06.962
□ Formal characteristics of page cartoons 
- The direction of the gaze
- Sizes of cuts
- Connection of cuts
- Function of spaces

493
00:34:06.962 --> 00:34:08.562
□ Formal characteristics of scroll cartoons
- Enlarged letters
- Cut shapes that fit the vertical length of phone screens


494
00:34:08.562 --> 00:34:10.211
- Composition that is easy to view on small screens
- Strong and effective light expression