0
00:00:05.008 --> 00:00:08.895
If you look at the five major public action rules for preventing infectious diseases

1
00:00:09.060 --> 00:00:14.941
First, wash your hands with running water using soap or hand wash for at least 30 seconds

2
00:00:15.124 --> 00:00:21.473
and cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper or sleeves when coughing or sneezing

3
00:00:21.726 --> 00:00:24.719
and wear a mask if the cough and sneezing persists

4
00:00:25.212 --> 00:00:29.924
In addition, you should cook food well enough and boil water to drink,

5
00:00:30.023 --> 00:00:35.574
and those who are eligible for vaccination, such as children and the elderly, should get vaccinated

6
00:00:36.179 --> 00:00:42.830
In addition, before traveling abroad, you should check the status of infectious diseases through the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency's website

7
00:00:43.089 --> 00:00:50.197
and after traveling abroad, if you have symptoms of suspected infectious diseases such as fever, cough, and rash

8
00:00:50.330 --> 00:00:54.720
you should see the doctor and inform them of your overseas trip

9
00:00:55.573 --> 00:01:00.616
Other than these, as a rule to prevent infectious diseases in your daily life

10
00:01:00.660 --> 00:01:06.639
you should wash your hands frequently and with soap in clean running water

11
00:01:07.330 --> 00:01:12.128
When you have to wash your hands are when you come back home after going out, when you visit a place where many people gather

12
00:01:12.271 --> 00:01:18.621
before cooking or eating, after using the bathroom, and after coughing or sneezing

13
00:01:19.395 --> 00:01:23.423
In addition, drinking water must be boiled or bottled

14
00:01:23.679 --> 00:01:30.789
safe water and disinfected water must be used when cooking, washing hands, dishes or brushing teeth

15
00:01:31.011 --> 00:01:37.042
and food ingredients such as vegetables must be washed in running clean water and heated enough to eat

16
00:01:37.437 --> 00:01:43.578
In particular, the storage of cooked food should be avoided in summer and food that has come into contact with contaminated water

17
00:01:43.671 --> 00:01:49.569
has a strange smell, or has changed color, shape, etc. should not be consumed

18
00:01:50.766 --> 00:01:56.012
In addition, cutting boards and knives should be used separately for each types of food

19
00:01:56.123 --> 00:01:59.713
washed thoroughly after use, and dried well

20
00:02:00.557 --> 00:02:05.298
People with symptoms of diarrhea or wounds on their hands should not cook

21
00:02:05.444 --> 00:02:11.470
and especially if they have symptoms of diarrhea, they should visit a medical institution for medical treatment

22
00:02:11.891 --> 00:02:18.436
If you cough or sneeze, follow cough etiquette such as using tissue paper, handkerchiefs, sleeves of clothes, and cover your mouth

23
00:02:18.718 --> 00:02:24.202
and if you continue to cough, it is recommended to wear a mask

24
00:02:24.806 --> 00:02:29.638
In addition, you should avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth as much as possible with your hands

25
00:02:29.878 --> 00:02:34.189
and keep the interior of your houses clean and ventilated frequently

26
00:02:34.812 --> 00:02:40.792
In addition, when you have fever or respiratory infection symptoms, it is recommended to avoid close contact with people

27
00:02:40.903 --> 00:02:46.491
and refrain from going out to places where many people gather as much as possible

28
00:02:47.868 --> 00:02:55.286
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with washing your hands well alone, diarrhea diseases decrease by 30%

29
00:02:55.402 --> 00:03:00.600
and respiratory diseases such as colds and influenza decrease by 20%

30
00:03:01.511 --> 00:03:07.735
The correct way to wash your hands is to rub your hands palm-to-palm first

31
00:03:08.088 --> 00:03:11.392
rub the back of your hand with the other hand's palm

32
00:03:11.447 --> 00:03:15.491
then rub your palms with each of your hands' fingers crossed

33
00:03:16.009 --> 00:03:18.944
Then, hold and rub your fingers together,

34
00:03:19.044 --> 00:03:23.906
rub your thumb with the other palm, twisting it

35
00:03:24.128 --> 00:03:31.134
place your finger on the other palm, rubbing it as if you are scratching your palm, to clean underneath your fingernails

36
00:03:31.759 --> 00:03:37.675
Next, if you have symptoms of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, fever, and respiratory infection symptoms

37
00:03:37.879 --> 00:03:45.648
you should visit a medical institution immediately, especially those under the age of 5, over 65, pregnant women,


38
00:03:45.672 --> 00:03:49.864
and chronic diseases, as they have higher risk of being infected

39
00:03:50.262 --> 00:03:57.042
In addition, overseas travelers must faithfully fill out the health status questionnaire and report it to the quarantine officer

40
00:03:57.195 --> 00:04:02.917
if they have symptoms such as fever, respiratory infection symptoms, diarrhea, and vomiting when returning from abroad

41
00:04:04.045 --> 00:04:07.844
Now, let's take a look at the symptoms of major infectious diseases

42
00:04:08.093 --> 00:04:16.330
First of all, COVID-19 causes various respiratory infections from mild to severe

43
00:04:16.530 --> 00:04:21.952
such as fever, boredom, cough, shortness of breath, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome,

44
00:04:22.105 --> 00:04:28.970
and in rare cases, sputum, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and nausea

45
00:04:29.679 --> 00:04:35.987
Next, tuberculosis has symptoms such as coughing, hemoptysis, helplessness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever


46
00:04:36.265 --> 00:04:38.931
and difficulty breathing

47
00:04:39.521 --> 00:04:45.148
In the early stages of pulmonary tuberculosis, there is a dry cough without phlegm, and as it progresses gradually

48
00:04:45.248 --> 00:04:47.406
a cough mixed with phlegm begins

49
00:04:47.729 --> 00:04:52.399
However, cough is the most common symptom of most respiratory diseases such as colds

50
00:04:52.423 --> 00:04:56.007
bronchitis, and smoking, as well as tuberculosis

51
00:04:56.363 --> 00:05:01.369
so coughs that last for more than two weeks must be suspected of tuberculosis

52
00:05:02.345 --> 00:05:05.004
Hemoptysis means blood coming out of the lungs

53
00:05:05.298 --> 00:05:10.588
and red blood can come out of pulmonary tuberculosis patients when pus inside granuloma

54
00:05:10.689 --> 00:05:12.956
is mixed with sputum

55
00:05:13.310 --> 00:05:19.153
Usually, in movies and novels, patients cough up a large amount of blood

56
00:05:19.177 --> 00:05:25.022
which is only seen in patients with significant progression of tuberculosis or lung cancer

57
00:05:25.046 --> 00:05:26.281
and in fact

58
00:05:26.547 --> 00:05:32.323
most tuberculosis patients have a small amount of blood mixed into their sputum

59
00:05:33.114 --> 00:05:39.127
And, tuberculosis bacteria multiply very slowly, consuming our body's nutrients

60
00:05:39.151 --> 00:05:41.177
and destroying tissues and organs

61
00:05:41.462 --> 00:05:47.580
That's why many patients with tuberculosis have symptoms of energy loss, loss of appetite

62
00:05:47.743 --> 00:05:51.304
and weight loss

63
00:05:51.784 --> 00:05:59.345
In addition, tuberculosis, unlike common cold body aches, does not show high fever ranging from 39 to 40℃

64
00:05:59.766 --> 00:06:05.645
Instead, in the afternoon, a slight fever occurs to the extent that you feel unwell

65
00:06:05.851 --> 00:06:10.137
and then a cold sweat occurs and the fever drops, and this happens repeatedly

66
00:06:10.361 --> 00:06:14.929
and a typical tuberculosis patient sweats a lot when sleeping,

67
00:06:14.953 --> 00:06:17.483
to the extent that it could cause the pillow to get wet

68
00:06:18.209 --> 00:06:23.314
The lungs are organs that absorb oxygen in the air and emit carbon dioxide

69
00:06:23.631 --> 00:06:30.640
However, if pulmonary tuberculosis is not initially treated, granulomas and cavities form all over the lungs

70
00:06:30.784 --> 00:06:35.132
causing lung tissue to fail and pulmonary function to gradually worsen

71
00:06:35.363 --> 00:06:40.873
which can eventually lead to shortness of breath with even a small movement

72
00:06:41.445 --> 00:06:46.280
Next, hand, foot, and mouth disease begins with fever, sore throat, and loss of appetite

73
00:06:46.433 --> 00:06:53.172
and on the first to second days after fever, blistering papules occur on the palms, fingers, and soles of the feet

74
00:06:53.555 --> 00:07:01.070
In addition, stomatal lesions appear on the mucous membrane of the cheek, gums, or tongue, and sometimes on the hip

75
00:07:01.293 --> 00:07:04.858
but often only rashes and not blisters appear

76
00:07:05.155 --> 00:07:10.041
In addition, although most of them have symptoms of cold , newborns within two weeks of age

77
00:07:10.065 --> 00:07:15.666
who do not have a complete immune system rarely might die when infected

78
00:07:16.957 --> 00:07:22.620
The Ebola virus shows symptoms such as high fever, headache, muscle pain, gastrointestinal pain,

79
00:07:22.644 --> 00:07:29.957
fatigue, diarrhea, sore throat, hiccups, rashes, hyperaemia in the eyes, and bloody vomiting within days of infection

80
00:07:30.498 --> 00:07:37.106
In addition, chest pain, shock, death, blindness, and bleeding can occur within a week after infection

81
00:07:37.242 --> 00:07:41.247
with a high mortality rate of 22 to 90%

82
00:07:42.168 --> 00:07:49.000
The incubation period of influenza is 1 to 4 days, and it spreads from person to person

83
00:07:49.024 --> 00:07:53.863
through respiratory droplets secreted when coughing or sneezing

84
00:07:53.887 --> 00:07:56.303
from 1 day before the onset of symptoms to 5 days after the onset of the disease

85
00:07:56.676 --> 00:08:04.393
In addition, it shows whole-body symptoms such as sudden fever of 38℃ or higher, headache, muscle pain, fatigue,

86
00:08:04.492 --> 00:08:08.454
and respiratory symptoms such as pharynx pain, cough, and sputum,

87
00:08:08.613 --> 00:08:12.955
and rarely abdominal pain, vomiting, and convulsions

88
00:08:13.616 --> 00:08:20.414
Next, typhoid usually has an incubation period of 1 to 3 weeks, but it depends on the number of bacteria,

89
00:08:20.514 --> 00:08:26.808
and fever, headache, boredom, loss of appetite, relative bradycardia, splenomegary, roseola,

90
00:08:27.018 --> 00:08:30.360
 and dry cough are the main symptoms and signs

91
00:08:30.921 --> 00:08:35.005
It has a characteristic form of fever that gradually rises

92
00:08:35.122 --> 00:08:39.101
to become a remittent fever and then goes away

93
00:08:39.440 --> 00:08:44.757
and if not treated, the progression of the disease lasts about three to four weeks

94
00:08:44.782 --> 00:08:48.195
and is generally more constipation than diarrhea

95
00:08:49.293 --> 00:08:55.004
In addition, the reduction of white blood cells, especially eosinophils, is characteristic and often mild

96
00:08:55.250 --> 00:08:58.345
but atypical severe symptoms also occur

97
00:08:58.639 --> 00:09:03.646
and if not treated, ulcers may occur in the ileum's Peyer's patch

98
00:09:03.776 --> 00:09:07.185
resulting in intermittent melena or perforation

99
00:09:07.694 --> 00:09:14.341
In severe cases, symptoms of the central nervous system also occur, and persistent fever, expressionless face,

100
00:09:14.531 --> 00:09:18.133
mild hearing loss, and mumps can also occur

101
00:09:18.390 --> 00:09:28.372
Surgical complications include intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, arthritis, osteomyelitis, acute cholecystitis, and empyema

102
00:09:28.522 --> 00:09:36.343
and the mortality rate is less than 10%, but early treatment with antibiotics can reduce it to less than 1%

103
00:09:36.944 --> 00:09:43.725
Measles has symptoms such as high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots on the oral mucosa followed by 

104
00:09:43.749 --> 00:09:50.508
characteristic erythematous papular rash, diarrhea, otitis media, bronchitis, bronchiolitis,

105
00:09:50.665 --> 00:09:53.858
croup, and bronchial pneumonia

106
00:09:54.899 --> 00:10:02.046
Yellow fever usually causes symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, chills, headaches, loss of appetite, and vomiting

107
00:10:02.177 --> 00:10:07.023
and the symptoms usually disappears after three to four days

108
00:10:07.280 --> 00:10:11.606
but about 15% of patients enter the toxic phase

109
00:10:12.035 --> 00:10:19.179
Patients in toxic phase develop fever again, rapidly developing symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and vomiting

110
00:10:19.203 --> 00:10:25.068
as well as bleeding in the eyes, nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract,

111
00:10:25.296 --> 00:10:28.139
and acute renal failure

112
00:10:29.267 --> 00:10:34.922
Now, let's look at the rules and countermeasures for preventing COVID-19 

113
00:10:35.360 --> 00:10:41.923
On February 11, 2020, the WHO named the novel coronavirus infection disease

114
00:10:42.140 --> 00:10:47.237
that occurred in Wuhan, China in 2019 COVID-19

115
00:10:47.451 --> 00:10:55.758
and on February 12, 2020, Korea named it Corona virus infectious disease-19, COVID-19

116
00:10:56.431 --> 00:11:03.954
The main symptoms of COVID-19 include fever above 37.5℃, cough, shortness of breath, chills,

117
00:11:04.054 --> 00:11:08.901
muscle pain, headache, sore throat, loss of smell and taste,

118
00:11:09.078 --> 00:11:16.782
and other symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, phlegm, symptoms in digestive system, confusion, dizziness, runny nose or stuffy nose,

119
00:11:16.806 --> 00:11:21.903
hemoptysis, chest pain, and conjunctivitis

120
00:11:22.968 --> 00:11:27.850
The incubation period is 1 to 14 days, with an average of 5 to 7 days

121
00:11:28.678 --> 00:11:33.487
The transmission route mainly includes droplet infections that are transmitted from person to person

122
00:11:33.669 --> 00:11:40.689
through saliva droplets produced when an infected person exhales or speaks, sneezes or coughs

123
00:11:40.965 --> 00:11:45.935
and contact infections that come into contact with hands or media with respiratory droplets

124
00:11:45.959 --> 00:11:51.640
of infected people and are infected by touching eyes, nose or mouth

125
00:11:52.506 --> 00:11:59.531
The fatality rate of COVID-19 is 2.16% globally as of January 2021

126
00:11:59.555 --> 00:12:02.292
and in Korea it is 1.81%

127
00:12:03.437 --> 00:12:08.122
In addition, risk factors that can cause the disease to progress to severe disease include being older than 65 years,

128
00:12:08.146 --> 00:12:14.456
chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,

129
00:12:14.656 --> 00:12:20.199
high blood pressure, chronic kidney and liver diseases, and underlying diseases such as immunosuppressants,

130
00:12:20.324 --> 00:12:24.014
cancer, obesity, organ transplants, and smoking

131
00:12:24.820 --> 00:12:29.890
Next, let's take a look at the 10 general public action rules for COVID-19

132
00:12:29.914 --> 00:12:35.683
First, make sure to wear a mask in indoor facilities and dense outdoor areas

133
00:12:35.934 --> 00:12:40.344
and wash your hands meticulously and frequently with soap for more than 30 seconds under running water

134
00:12:40.791 --> 00:12:45.637
In addition, refrain from visiting places where there is no ventilation and many people gather close

135
00:12:45.996 --> 00:12:51.275
keep a 2m social distance between people and people

136
00:12:51.409 --> 00:12:55.762
and do not touch eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands

137
00:12:57.076 --> 00:13:02.785
In addition, when coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with clothes sleeves or tissue paper

138
00:13:02.909 --> 00:13:08.224
and ventilate regularly every day and clean and sanitize frequently touched surfaces

139
00:13:08.605 --> 00:13:12.253
Avoid contact with people with fever and respiratory symptoms

140
00:13:12.451 --> 00:13:18.224
check your own clinical manifestation of COVID-19 like fever and respiratory symptoms every day,

141
00:13:18.438 --> 00:13:21.180
and refrain from non-essential travels