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Q. What is establishment and implementation of a safety and health management system?

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The establishment and implementation of a safety and health management system refer to

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a series of activities aimed at protecting the safety and health of workers


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This involves companies identifying on their own initiative

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to eliminate, replace and control risk factors

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and continuously improving these measures

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To establish a safety and health management system

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1. Management Leadership
2. Participation of Workers 
3. Hazards Identification


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4. Elimination, Replacement, and Control of Hazards 
5. Establishment of Emergency Action Plans


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6. Safety and Health for Contract, Service and Agreement
7. Evaluation and Improvement


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These seven core elements must be observed


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We will look into the first core element


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which is Management Leadership, and execution strategies and method for it
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 To establish and implement an effective safety and health management system

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Managers must provide a vision 


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and allocate resources such as personnel and facilities

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The first execution strategy of management leadership is 


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to show determination for safety and health and setting goals



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According to Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and

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Article 4, Item 1 of the Enforcement Decree, business owners and management executives must

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establish goals and management policies regarding safety and health

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In accordance with Article 14 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, CEOs must annually establish safety and health plans

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report them to the board of directors, obtain approval, and faithfully implement them

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The second execution strategy is to allocate resources

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such as personnel, facilities, and equipment necessary for safety and health

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According to Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act and Article 4, Item 4 of the Enforcement Decree

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business owners and executives must allocate appropriate budgets annually for safety and health-related personnel

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facilities, and equipment and establish a system for execution and management

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Under the Serious Accidents Punishment Act, Article 4, Paragraph 1 and Enforcement Decree, Article 4, Item 5

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companies with a certain scale, specifically those with 500 or more regular workers

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or construction companies with less than 200 construction capabilities, must establish a dedicated organization for safety and health tasks

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The third execution strategy is to define the authority and responsibilities of members and encourage their participation

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To achieve this, business owners and management executives must appoint

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safety and health management personnel

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and ensure that they carry out their duties diligently

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According to Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and Article 4, Items 5 and 6 of the Enforcement Decree

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business owners or executives must appoint safety managers, health managers, safety and health management officers, and industrial health engineers

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and guarantee their working hours for the performance of their duties

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The second execution method is for business owners and executives to

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write safety and health management regulations to clarify responsibilities and establish standards for occupational injury prevention management

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It applies to agriculture, fisheries, information services, finance and insuraces of more than 300 employees, or otherwise more than 100

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The regulations should cover safety and health management organizations, their duties, safety and health education

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workplace management, accident investigation, and countermeasures, depending on the industry and size of the company

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The third execution method is to establish an industrial safety and health committee

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to build a safety and health management system through labor-management participation

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as mandated by Article 24 of the Occupationl Safety and Health Act

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Industries such as mining and non-metallic mineral manufacturing, with 50 or more employees, while agriculture, information services, finance and insurances with 300 or more, are subjected

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otherwise construction frims with more than 100 employees or project buget greater than 12 billion won are subjected

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The deliberation and resolution of this comittee should include matters related to the

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completion of occupational accident prevention plans, the draft and modification of safety and health management regulations, and safety and health education


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The fourth execution method is to designate and employ safety and health management personnel, supervisors, safety managers

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health managers, and industrial health engineers, and assign them roles

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The Occupational Safety and Health Act defines the basic roles and formal procedures
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for effective safety and health activities

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These strategies and methods are visualized in diagrams as you can see

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Now, we will examine the second core element for establishing a safety and health management system

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which is strategies and methods for employee participation

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Successful implementation of a safety and health management system requires

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the active involvement of frontline workers who are most familiar with potential hazards

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The first strategy for employee participation is to disclose information regarding safety and health management to all employees

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To achieve this, business owners are required by Article 34 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act

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to post or widely disseminate key provisions of the Act in places accessible to employees

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The second strategy is to establish procedures accessible to all members

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Business owners must listen to the opinions of employees at least once regarding safety and health enhancements

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and develop improvement plans based on these opinions

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except where industrial safety and health committees are in place for construction projects

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For construction projects with a value exceeding 12 billion won

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the prime contractor must establish and operate a labor-management consultative body with subcontractors' participation

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Additionally, employee representatives can recommend fellow workers to be appointed as Honorary Industrial Safety Inspectors after consulting with employer


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and this require approval from the Minister of Employment and Labor

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Honorary industrial safety inspectors perform duties such as workplace inspections, reporting violations of laws and regulations

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and providing guidance on compliance with safety rules
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The third strategy is to foster a culture where employees can freely voice their opinions

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and comply with employers' safety and health measures

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Employees must comply with safety and health measures set by employers

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which are detailed in regulations established under the Occupational Safety and Health Standards

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Next, we will be exploring the execution strategies and methods for identifying hazards

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which is the third core element of establishing a safety and health management system

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Prevention of occupational accidents starts with identifying hazards

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Therefore, having a thorough understanding of potential hazards and their severity lead to cautious work practices

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The first strategy for identifying hazards is to collect and organize information about hazards

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With the participation of frontline workers, hazards can be identified

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Necessary data for hazard identification include

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past accident reports, machinery and equipment inventories and manuals,

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work procedures for each process, and the availability of safety equipments

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The second strategy involves investigating all past industrial accidents, including near-misses, to identify hazards

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Analyzing all industrial accidents and near-misses

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within the workplace helps in identifying hazards

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Near-misses refer to

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incidents that could have caused harm to life or health but did not result in actual injuries

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Despite repeated near-misses without improvement, they are typically considered potential industrial accidents

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The third strategy is to identify hazardous machinery, equipment, and facilities

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All machinery, equipment, and facilities within the workplace must be assessed for potential hazards

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and when purchasing new equipment, choosing products designed for safety is crucial

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The fourth strategy is to identify hazardous substances such as those posing fire

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explosion, or leakage risks, as well as those harmful to health

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Hazardous substances refer to those causing harm to safety and health

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They are usually categorized into chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic hazards

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Appendix 18 of the Enforcement Regulation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act defines the harmfulness and risk classification criteria for such hazardous substances
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Employers must verify the names, hazardous properties, and CAS numbers of chemical substances

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in the mandatory safety data sheets provided by the chemical product manufacturers or importers

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Physical factors such as noise, vibration, radiation, pressure, and temperature should be verified to ensure they are at appropriate levels

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Biological factors and ergonomic factors, such as infectious diseases

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and ergonomic stresses like musculoskeletal workload and job-related stress, should be assessed

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The fifth strategy involves investigating hazardous locations and job-specific risk factors based on the participation of all members

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Hazardous locations and tasks are identified in connection with machinery, equipment, harmful factors, and types of accidents

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For example, injection molding machines may cause pinching injuries during repair work

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and falling hazards may occur during scaffold installation

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Tasks include routine tasks such as standardized operations and machine cleaning

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and similarly non-routine tasks as well

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while accidents include falling, pinching, hitting, impact, crushing, overturning, fire/explosion, leakage, suffocation, and heatstroke

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From now on, fourth execution strategy and method for establishing a safety and health management system

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which are risk factor removal, substitution, and control will be examined

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When devising measures to remove, substitute, or control risk factors

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It is particularly important to be aware that humans can make mistakes and machines can malfunction


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The first strategy is to prioritize risk factors based on the likelihood and severity of occurrence

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For this purpose, identified risk factors are classified by type and recorded and managed accordingly

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Types of risk factors include hazardous machinery, hazardous locations, and types of tasks

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Additionally, the likelihood and severity of occupational accidents for each risk factor are predicted to evaluate the degree of risk

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Severity is assessed based on the magnitude of the accident and the degree of harm such as death, serious injury, and illness

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Finally, risk factor prioritization is determined according to the evaluation results

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The second strategy is to review removal, substitution, and control measures for each risk factor

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For this purpose, regardless of the size of the workplace, if there are more than 1 employee

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workplaces where workers are exposed to hazardous factors should

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measure the working environment every 3 months to 1 year

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If hazardous factors are found in the working environment measurement results

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Control measures are reviewed in the order of removal, substitution, and control


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Such as altering structures to eliminate the need for confined space work

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or replacing methanol with ethanol to minimize the risk factors


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Then, measures such as installing protective devices and ventilation systems to isolate workers from hazardous factors

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and changing work procedures such as maintenance and introducing work permit systems are implemented

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The third strategy is to develop and implement comprehensive measures

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Therefore, after deciding removal, substitution, and control measures for each risk factor, resource allocation plans must be established

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Hazardous machinery and equipment management require

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Protective measures in accordance with Article 98, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act


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Safety certification and voluntary safety reporting under Articles 87 and 92


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and safety inspections under Article 93

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and hazardous risk prevention plans must be drafted according to Article 42

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Furthermore, regulated substances, permitted substances, and controlled hazardous substances must be

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used according to Part 1, Chapter 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations

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If using more than the specified quantities of the 51 hazardous substances that can cause large-scale disasters

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A process safety management plan must be submitted and implemented according to Article 44


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The fourth strategy is to provide education and training to ensure that

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each worker understands specific measures for removing, substituting, or controlling risk factor

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According to Chapter 3 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act

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Safety and health education must be provided to workers, specialized workers, and safety and health management personnel 


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Next, the fifth execution strategy and method for building a safety and health management system

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which is establishing emergency response plans will be explored

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By establishing emergency response plans to deal with major disasters, damages can be minimized

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The first strategy for establishing emergency response plans is to create scenarios based on risk factors

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For this purpose, potential accidents for each risk factor are reviewed

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and accident scenarios are created for each workplace

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The second strategy is to develop specific action plans for each accident scenario

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In the event of a major disaster, immediate notification to the fire department and others is necessary

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and employers must stop operations immediately and evacuate workers

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A summary of the incident, damage situation, and measures and prospects must be reported to the local labor office without any delay

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Workers who exercise the right to stop work must report to management supervisors

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and employers must not dismiss or treat them unfairly as a result

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The third strategy is to implement and verify emergency response plans regularly

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To acheive this, response procedures for urgent risks, such as work stoppage, evacuation reporting, and risk factor removal, must be established

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and procedures for reporting incidents of major industrial accidents must be set and checked at least once every 6 months

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Additionally, for workplaces subject to PSM(Process Safety Management)

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employers required to submit process safety reports including the establishment of emergency response plans

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And lastly, contractors must establish emergency response plans

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Next, let's examine the execution strategy and method for ensuring safety and health when subcontracting

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which is the sixth key element for building a safety and health management system

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Contracting refers to contracting out the manufacturing, construction, repair

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or provision of services and other tasks to others, regardless of the name

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A employer who contract manufacturing, construction, repair, or service provision of goods

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and other tasks, is referred to as the contractor

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And those who receive contract of manufacturing, construction, repair

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and other tasks from the contractor, are referred as contractees

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The first execution strategy for ensuring safety and health during these circumstances

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is to select a business owner, namely the contractee, with industrial accident prevention capabilities

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When business owner or executives are providing contract, service, or consignment to 3rd parties

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they must establish evaluation criteria and procedures to verify the accident prevention capabilities, technical abilities, appropriate safety and health management costs, and performance periods

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and then confirm and inspect their implementation

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Additionally, business owners must contract to companies with the ability to take measures for industrial accident prevention

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Construction project clients or contractors must not shorten the calculated construction period specified in design documents

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or use risky construction methods to reduce construction costs or change designated construction methods without valid reasons

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The second strategy is to protect all members within the workplace

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To acheive this, when business owners or executive provide contract, service or consignment to 3rd parties

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They must fulfill the obligation to secure safety and health to prevent major industrial accidents among the third party's employees


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Contractors must take measures to prevent industrial accidents

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if workers of the contractee are working at contractor's workplace

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This includes designating a safety and health supervisor, implementing safety and health measures, implementing industrial accident prevention measures

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providing safety and health information, and taking corrective measures against contractees

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If the contractor violates safety and health measures

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They may be subject to imprisonment for up to three years or a fine of up to 30 million won


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If workers' death result due to a violation of obligations

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They may be subject to imprisonment for up to seven years or a fine of up to 100 million won


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Next, the 7th execution strategy and method for building a safety and health management system

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which is evaluation and improvement, will be now explored

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Business owners or executives must regularly review the status of implementing the safety and health management system

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Identify problems, and continuously improve the system


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The first strategy for evaluation and improvement is

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To set up the objective for evaluating safety and health management system procedures


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and assessing them on a regular basis

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It is expected from the headquaters, every business departments, and every business locations

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Objectives include the initiation count of management policies, employee awareness of safety and health management policies, identification of employee hazards,

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number of near-miss accident reports, discovery of hazard occurrences, compliance rate of hazard removal management measures,

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and implementation rate of occupational safety and health education

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The second strategy involves verifying whether the safety and health management system is being implemented as planned on-site

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To achieve this, the core elements such as management leadership, employee participation, and hazard identification

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are examined comprehensively through interviews, document verification, and on-site inspections

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The third strategy involves periodically reviewing and improving identified issues

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For this purpose, business owners or executives must take managerial measures necessary for compliance

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They should conduct safety and health regulations-related inspections at least once every 6 months


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and report the results