(Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education) Hello, I am Dr. Choi Jae-hyeong, emergency medicine specialist
and doctor in charge at Flying Doctors
Today, I will briefly explain COVID-19, which is called Corona 19 in Korea
Yes, COVID-19, which is trending these days, is one of the coronaviruses
#Coronavirus: A common cold that animals catch Coronavirus was originally a common cold in animals
Of course, it is weaker than the flu to humans, but it is a virus that spreads as a small cold
(SARS: November 2002 ~ July 2003, 8,096 confirmed cases in 29 countries, 774 deaths (9.6%) This virus started getting attention with SARS
In less than a year since 2002
SARS has caused about 8,000 patients, and 9.6% of them have died
(MERS: April 2012 ~ December 2019, 2,499 confirmed cases in 27 countries, 858 deaths (34.4%) After that, there was MERS that occurred from April 2012
MERS is a disease that continues to occur sporadically in the Middle East
It's a type of coronavirus
According to statistics by December 2019, about 2,500 confirmed cases appeared, of which 34.4% died
(COVID-19: December 2019 to present, more than 100 million confirmed worldwide, about 2.4 million deaths (2-3%) COVID-19, which has been prevalent since December 2019, is also a coronavirus
Now, the pandemic has infected more than 100 million people, and about 2.4 million of them have died
COVID-19 is suspected to be an animal-borne disease
For reference, 75% of new infectious diseases occur mostly between animals
About 60% of them are now known to be transmissible to humans
I'll tell you the symptoms
#Symptoms - Influenza A/B: high fever, sore throat, muscle pain I'll tell you the symptoms compared to the flu we commonly suffer from
The biggest difference between the flu and COVID-19 is the incubation period and critical case rate
(Flu incubation period: 1-4 days) In the case of the flu, the incubation period is about two days
So if you saw a flu patient a day or two ago, you could easily infer that you had a cold
(COVID-19 incubation period: 2-14 days (5-7 days)) In the case of COVID-19, the incubation period is up to 14 days and averages 7 days
During that long period, there is a characteristic that it is difficult to conduct an epidemiological investigation on who I transmitted it to
(Initial - flu: headache, muscle pain (85%) fever (93%) / COVID-19: headache, muscle pain (90%) fever (60-70%)) Initial symptoms for both diseases start with pain
Most of them start with muscle pain, headache, etc. In the case of the flu, fever appears in most cases in the early stages
In cases like COVID-19, only 60 to 70% are known to have a fever
(After 3 days - flu: Cough (81%) / COVID-19: Cough (80%)) After 3 days, the cough is almost the same
(COVID-19: digestive symptoms (10-50%) loss of smell (more than 60%), 40% if only respiratory symptoms) COVID-19 is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of smell or loss of taste
It is known that has many symptoms
It is known that the proportion of cases with only respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 is less than 40%
If so, it is known that most cases have respiratory symptoms and other non-pulmonary diseases
(Critical case occurrence - flu < 9% / COVID-19 < 15%: mostly around 10 days after onset) Although the incidence of critical illness is less than 9% in the case of flu
In places with good medical environments like Korea, the incidence is much lower
COVID-19 is known to have a 15% or higher chance of developing critical illness
Most occur within 10 days of onset
(Case fatality rate - flu: 0.1% / COVID-19: about 3%) The case fatality rate is known to be as high as 3%
(10% with only early digestive symptoms of COVID-19) And even if there are only digestive symptoms in the beginning, COVID-19 is said to reach 10%
(Digestive symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, belching) Digestive symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain
(If you have digestive symptoms, diarrhea is over 40% and liver function is over 15%) Diarrhea appears to account for the largest proportion of them, and liver function abnormalities may also occur
It is known that the prognosis is poor in most cases accompanied by digestive symptoms
(Lung symptoms: acute respiratory distress syndrome due to cytokine storm, secondary pulmonary fibrosis) In the case of critically ill patients, most of them are hospitalized due to lung symptoms
The mechanism by which lung symptoms appear is due to a phenomenon called a cytokine storm in which the body's immune system overreacts
Acute respiratory distress syndrome or secondary pulmonary fibrosis progresses
Leading to hospitalization due to respiratory distress and decreased oxygen saturation
If you are admitted to the intensive care unit, you will be put on a tracheal tube and a ventilator
In about 20% of cases with artificial respirators, they cannot survive with it
(Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device: ECMO for about 20% of critically ill patients (tracheal intubation)) In some cases, an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator called ECMO may also be applied
In that case, of course, the prognosis is not good
Even if the disease is cured, COVID-19 has serious complications
(Complications: pulmonary fibrosis is irrecoverable) Once pulmonary fibrosis has occurred, it tends not to recover well
(Complications from treatment, high possibility of central nerve damage (loss of smell, permanent brain damage)) permanent damage to the central nerve, which is a complication of treatment
And skin damage may last permanently or there may be these symptoms, so it is better to be careful
In addition, neurological symptoms, that is, central neurological symptoms, may remain
In severe cases, symptoms such as cerebral infarction may remain
Severe dehydration or the use of high doses of drugs can cause kidney and liver damage
There were cases of blood clots
Rarely, there have been cases of heart disease such as acute myocardial infarction or stress myocarditis
In some cases, diabetes was severe, and in some cases, permanent skin damage was caused
Thank you