0 00:00:03.625 --> 00:00:07.175 (Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education) Hello, I am Dr. Choi Jae-hyeong, emergency medicine specialist 1 00:00:07.175 --> 00:00:09.875 and doctor in charge at Flying Doctors 2 00:00:11.025 --> 00:00:16.675 Today, I will briefly explain COVID-19, which is called Corona 19 in Korea 3 00:00:16.675 --> 00:00:21.775 Yes, COVID-19, which is trending these days, is one of the coronaviruses 4 00:00:21.775 --> 00:00:26.075 #Coronavirus: A common cold that animals catch Coronavirus was originally a common cold in animals 5 00:00:26.075 --> 00:00:32.275 Of course, it is weaker than the flu to humans, but it is a virus that spreads as a small cold 6 00:00:32.275 --> 00:00:36.324 (SARS: November 2002 ~ July 2003, 8,096 confirmed cases in 29 countries, 774 deaths (9.6%) This virus started getting attention with SARS 7 00:00:36.324 --> 00:00:40.374 In less than a year since 2002 8 00:00:40.374 --> 00:00:45.324 SARS has caused about 8,000 patients, and 9.6% of them have died 9 00:00:45.324 --> 00:00:49.374 (MERS: April 2012 ~ December 2019, 2,499 confirmed cases in 27 countries, 858 deaths (34.4%) After that, there was MERS that occurred from April 2012 10 00:00:49.374 --> 00:00:55.574 MERS is a disease that continues to occur sporadically in the Middle East 11 00:00:55.574 --> 00:00:57.824 It's a type of coronavirus 12 00:00:57.824 --> 00:01:08.124 According to statistics by December 2019, about 2,500 confirmed cases appeared, of which 34.4% died 13 00:01:08.124 --> 00:01:12.724 (COVID-19: December 2019 to present, more than 100 million confirmed worldwide, about 2.4 million deaths (2-3%) COVID-19, which has been prevalent since December 2019, is also a coronavirus 14 00:01:12.724 --> 00:01:20.124 Now, the pandemic has infected more than 100 million people, and about 2.4 million of them have died 15 00:01:20.124 --> 00:01:25.924 COVID-19 is suspected to be an animal-borne disease 16 00:01:25.924 --> 00:01:34.274 For reference, 75% of new infectious diseases occur mostly between animals 17 00:01:34.274 --> 00:01:39.774 About 60% of them are now known to be transmissible to humans 18 00:01:39.774 --> 00:01:42.324 I'll tell you the symptoms 19 00:01:42.324 --> 00:01:46.723 #Symptoms - Influenza A/B: high fever, sore throat, muscle pain I'll tell you the symptoms compared to the flu we commonly suffer from 20 00:01:46.723 --> 00:01:52.423 The biggest difference between the flu and COVID-19 is the incubation period and critical case rate 21 00:01:52.423 --> 00:01:56.573 (Flu incubation period: 1-4 days) In the case of the flu, the incubation period is about two days 22 00:01:56.573 --> 00:02:04.373 So if you saw a flu patient a day or two ago, you could easily infer that you had a cold 23 00:02:04.373 --> 00:02:10.273 (COVID-19 incubation period: 2-14 days (5-7 days)) In the case of COVID-19, the incubation period is up to 14 days and averages 7 days 24 00:02:10.273 --> 00:02:16.423 During that long period, there is a characteristic that it is difficult to conduct an epidemiological investigation on who I transmitted it to 25 00:02:16.423 --> 00:02:20.073 (Initial - flu: headache, muscle pain (85%) fever (93%) / COVID-19: headache, muscle pain (90%) fever (60-70%)) Initial symptoms for both diseases start with pain 26 00:02:20.073 --> 00:02:27.723 Most of them start with muscle pain, headache, etc. In the case of the flu, fever appears in most cases in the early stages 27 00:02:27.723 --> 00:02:35.073 In cases like COVID-19, only 60 to 70% are known to have a fever 28 00:02:35.073 --> 00:02:39.023 (After 3 days - flu: Cough (81%) / COVID-19: Cough (80%)) After 3 days, the cough is almost the same 29 00:02:39.023 --> 00:02:44.523 (COVID-19: digestive symptoms (10-50%) loss of smell (more than 60%), 40% if only respiratory symptoms) COVID-19 is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of smell or loss of taste 30 00:02:44.523 --> 00:02:47.573 It is known that has many symptoms 31 00:02:47.573 --> 00:02:55.222 It is known that the proportion of cases with only respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 is less than 40% 32 00:02:55.222 --> 00:03:02.822 If so, it is known that most cases have respiratory symptoms and other non-pulmonary diseases 33 00:03:02.822 --> 00:03:06.772 (Critical case occurrence - flu < 9% / COVID-19 < 15%: mostly around 10 days after onset) Although the incidence of critical illness is less than 9% in the case of flu 34 00:03:06.772 --> 00:03:10.672 In places with good medical environments like Korea, the incidence is much lower 35 00:03:10.672 --> 00:03:15.672 COVID-19 is known to have a 15% or higher chance of developing critical illness 36 00:03:15.672 --> 00:03:19.322 Most occur within 10 days of onset 37 00:03:19.322 --> 00:03:22.422 (Case fatality rate - flu: 0.1% / COVID-19: about 3%) The case fatality rate is known to be as high as 3% 38 00:03:22.422 --> 00:03:28.722 (10% with only early digestive symptoms of COVID-19) And even if there are only digestive symptoms in the beginning, COVID-19 is said to reach 10% 39 00:03:28.722 --> 00:03:35.622 (Digestive symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, belching) Digestive symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain 40 00:03:35.622 --> 00:03:42.622 (If you have digestive symptoms, diarrhea is over 40% and liver function is over 15%) Diarrhea appears to account for the largest proportion of them, and liver function abnormalities may also occur 41 00:03:42.622 --> 00:03:47.822 It is known that the prognosis is poor in most cases accompanied by digestive symptoms 42 00:03:47.822 --> 00:03:52.822 (Lung symptoms: acute respiratory distress syndrome due to cytokine storm, secondary pulmonary fibrosis) In the case of critically ill patients, most of them are hospitalized due to lung symptoms 43 00:03:52.822 --> 00:04:00.621 The mechanism by which lung symptoms appear is due to a phenomenon called a cytokine storm in which the body's immune system overreacts 44 00:04:00.621 --> 00:04:05.621 Acute respiratory distress syndrome or secondary pulmonary fibrosis progresses 45 00:04:05.621 --> 00:04:10.171 Leading to hospitalization due to respiratory distress and decreased oxygen saturation 46 00:04:10.171 --> 00:04:15.671 If you are admitted to the intensive care unit, you will be put on a tracheal tube and a ventilator 47 00:04:15.671 --> 00:04:21.571 In about 20% of cases with artificial respirators, they cannot survive with it 48 00:04:21.571 --> 00:04:27.221 (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device: ECMO for about 20% of critically ill patients (tracheal intubation)) In some cases, an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator called ECMO may also be applied 49 00:04:27.221 --> 00:04:30.421 In that case, of course, the prognosis is not good 50 00:04:30.421 --> 00:04:36.121 Even if the disease is cured, COVID-19 has serious complications 51 00:04:36.121 --> 00:04:41.221 (Complications: pulmonary fibrosis is irrecoverable) Once pulmonary fibrosis has occurred, it tends not to recover well 52 00:04:41.221 --> 00:04:47.071 (Complications from treatment, high possibility of central nerve damage (loss of smell, permanent brain damage)) permanent damage to the central nerve, which is a complication of treatment 53 00:04:47.071 --> 00:04:54.221 And skin damage may last permanently or there may be these symptoms, so it is better to be careful 54 00:04:54.221 --> 00:05:00.671 In addition, neurological symptoms, that is, central neurological symptoms, may remain 55 00:05:00.671 --> 00:05:03.821 In severe cases, symptoms such as cerebral infarction may remain 56 00:05:03.821 --> 00:05:10.620 Severe dehydration or the use of high doses of drugs can cause kidney and liver damage 57 00:05:10.620 --> 00:05:12.470 There were cases of blood clots 58 00:05:12.470 --> 00:05:19.570 Rarely, there have been cases of heart disease such as acute myocardial infarction or stress myocarditis 59 00:05:19.570 --> 00:05:25.920 In some cases, diabetes was severe, and in some cases, permanent skin damage was caused 60 00:05:25.920 --> 00:05:28.895 Thank you