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Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education - Condition requiring first aid treatment
Principles of wound care

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#Wound care

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(Principles of wound care: cleansing, stopping the blood, disinfection, protection)
The principles of wound care are cleansing the wound and stopping the blood

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Disinfection and protection can be done at the hospitals

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#wound care - wound cleansing
Wound cleansing is almost the only method to reduce the risk of infection

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The use of disinfectants or antibiotics in a hospital setting has little effect in preventing infections

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rinse the wound with flowing water, and if the contamination is severe, using soap to clean the wound is also acceptable

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#wound care - techniques to stop the bleeding
Direct pressure technique is highly important as a method to achieving stopping of the blood

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(direct pressure technique: apply pressure with a clean gauze or towel to achieve the stopping of the blood)
It is often advisable to keep the pressure only in the wounded area

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Fold a gauze or towel to a size that fits the wound

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Apply focused pressure specifically on the wound area

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(direct pressure technique: apply pressure with a clean gauze or towel to achieve the stopping of the blood)
Direct pressure alone can often achieve stopping within 15 minutes

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Elevating the injured area above heart level is recommended

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If direct pressure doesn't work, you should use a tourniquet

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The tourniquet should be tied once with cloth on the side closer to the heart than the wound,

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Wrap a stick on the area, then twist the stick

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Secure it with enough pressure that only two fingers can barely pass through

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(for blood circulation to the extremities) release every 30 minutes

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#wound care - precautions when disinfecting wounds
If you want to clean a wound at home, there are three methods : 

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Hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, povidone-iodine

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Remember that disinfectants should never come into contact with the wound

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This is because disinfectants are toxic substances that kill bacteria and viruses

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If they come into contact with the wound, they can damage cells

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Therefore, only use them to clean the surrounding skin of the wound

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Use them only to the extent that bacteria cannot enter the wound

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The disinfectant effect of alcoholic drinks is minimal

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#wound care - bad wound
An example of a bad wound would be a case of deep nail penetration

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In such cases, self-cleansing and disinfection are not possible, so there is a higher risk of infection

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In this case, you must go to the hospital

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For diabetic patients, even small wounds can become infected

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A crushed wound is also a bad wound

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(laceration : an injury were the skin is torn)
For example, if you hit your forehead against a flat wall and develop a laceration

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If the skin is torn by blunt force on a non-sharp surface

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It is a very bad wound, so you must come to the hospital

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#wound care - bite wound
Whether it’s humans or animals, there are a lot of bacteria in the mouth 

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Therefore, a bitten wound must be considered a contaminated wound, and you should go to the hospital

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#wound care - snake bite wound
When bit by a snake, you should never suck out the wound with your mouth

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Not only will the venom not be removed, but the person who sucked out the venom can also be exposed to the venom

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Incision is also an ineffective treatment

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Do not move if possible and keep the wound area lower than the heart

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Wrap it lightly and go to the hospital

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There is no need to catch the snake

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Knowing the type of snake does not change the treatment

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Do not attempt to catch the snake

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#wound treatment - when stung by a bee
When stung by a bee, usually local symptoms occur and disappear

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(Local symptoms: swelling, pain, itching, redness)

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(Systemic symptoms: nausea/vomiting, dizziness, fainting, fever)
However, if systemic symptoms occur, it is an emergency situation

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(Acute allergic reaction (Anaphylaxis): if the face swells rapidly within 15 minutes,
difficulty breathing or swelling of the eyes occur)
This is called Acute Allergic Reaction (=Anaphylaxis)

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If the face swells rapidly within 15 minutes or there is difficulty breathing,

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or causes swelling in the eyes, you have to head to the hospital as fast as you can

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(Emergency measures to take when stung by bees) 
If there are no systemic symptoms, the bee sting should be removed

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In case of honeybees, they die after removing the stinger which has a venom sac at the end of it

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Push the stinger out with a plastic card to avoid squeezing the venom sac

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(For local symptoms: ice compression /For honeybee stings, use  ammonia solution/ For wasp stings, use vinegar or lemon juice) 
Just for local symptoms, put on ice packs

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Apply ammonia solution for honeybee stings and vinegar or lemon juice for wasp stings

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(Accompanied by systemic symptoms: To the hospital)
However, if there are systemic symptoms, the patient should be rushed to the hospital

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(Allergic to bees) 
If one had a bee allergy, it is safe to prepare an epinephrine product in advance

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#wound care - bug bites
There is no specific treatment for bites from other insects

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Just be aware of infections

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#Amputation accidents

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Emergency care is essential for any amputation accidents

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#amputation accidents - Treatment method
Apply pressure to the amputated area to stop the bleeding and cover it with a clean cloth

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#Amputation accidents - Looking after the amputated parts
It's extremely important to store the amputated body parts

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Clean the amputated area and wrap it with a clean cloth or gauze soaked in water

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However, if it's overly soaked or too dry it causes cell damages

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Wrap it in a damp cloth, put it in a plastic bag, and make it waterproof

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Put this entire thing in ice and take it to the hospital 

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However, make sure the amputated part does not directly touch the ice

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#In case of nosebleeds

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#In case of nosebleeds - Treatment method 
Most nosebleeds stop within 30 minutes

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Bending the head forward with pinched nose stops the bleeding

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#In case of nosebleeds - And what not to do


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By swallowing your blood when you tilt your head backward


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it will inevitably cause vomiting, so make sure to spit out any blood that flows back to your throat


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As vomiting can lead to secondary complications

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Also, do not pick or blow your nose

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It is recommended to avoid hot drinks

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#In case of nosebleeds - when to visit the hospital
In case, even if you bend forward and pinch your nose, the bleeding continues

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and blood flows backward along the throat, hospital visit is a must

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(Anticoagulant: a drug that inhibits the action of platelets involved in blood clotting)
If taking anticoagulants or blood thinners


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(Anticoagulant: a drug that prevents blood from clotting and coagulating)
Or have high blood pressure, it is safe to visit the hospital