0 00:00:00.225 --> 00:00:02.275 Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education - First Aid Disease Heat-related injuries 1 00:00:02.275 --> 00:00:04.975 #Heat Injury I'm going to explain about heat injury 2 00:00:04.975 --> 00:00:12.025 #Heat Injury Risk Factors When we are in a place with high temperatures, our body expels the heated heat out 3 00:00:12.025 --> 00:00:15.626 This is called thermal acclimatization, and there are two major bases for thermal acclimatization 4 00:00:15.626 --> 00:00:19.626 (Thermal radiation: a form of direct heat emission in the form of electromagnetic waves such as infrared rays emitted from objects) The first is thermal radiation, which radiates heat directly from the body 5 00:00:19.626 --> 00:00:22.226 The second is to take away heat by evaporating the excreted sweat 6 00:00:22.226 --> 00:00:25.126 (Heat of vaporization: amount of heat required to change a given amount of a substance from liquid to gas at a constant pressure) That is, there are two mechanisms using the heat of vaporization 7 00:00:25.126 --> 00:00:27.476 However, if the temperature is above 35 degrees 8 00:00:27.476 --> 00:00:31.926 (Thermal radiation: a form of direct heat emission in the form of electromagnetic waves such as infrared rays emitted from objects) Heat radiation stops because there is no difference between body temperature and air temperature 9 00:00:31.926 --> 00:00:34.476 If heat radiation isn't possible, sweat must be evaporated 10 00:00:34.476 --> 00:00:39.676 But in the case of high humidity, sweat cannot evaporate, so it makes us vulnerable (to heat acclimatization) 11 00:00:39.676 --> 00:00:45.727 A large amount of blood must be drawn near the skin to radiate heat and expel sweat 12 00:00:45.727 --> 00:00:50.627 This is called peripheral blood vessel dilation 13 00:00:50.627 --> 00:00:55.527 (Core temperature: the temperature of internal organs such as the heart or bladder) If the core temperature rises by 1 degree, the heart must pump more than 3 liters of blood per minute 14 00:00:55.527 --> 00:00:57.477 This means you need to pump more blood than usual 15 00:00:57.477 --> 00:01:02.977 But if you have a weak heart, or are dehydrated, do manual labor 16 00:01:02.977 --> 00:01:08.577 Are too young, too old, or too tired, heat acclimatization is at a disadvantage 17 00:01:08.577 --> 00:01:10.427 #Heatstroke Heatstroke is the most common heat injury 18 00:01:10.427 --> 00:01:13.977 #Heatstroke It is also expressed in words like heat exhaustion, or feeling overheated 19 00:01:13.977 --> 00:01:17.928 Nausea and dizziness are the most common symptoms of heatstroke 20 00:01:17.928 --> 00:01:21.828 bu it usually subsides if you get enough water 21 00:01:21.828 --> 00:01:26.328 #First Aid for heatstroke As a first aid, rest in a cool place and wear loose clothing 22 00:01:26.328 --> 00:01:28.978 If you feel dizzy, raise your legs above your chest 23 00:01:28.978 --> 00:01:33.278 And place an ice pack on your neck, chest, armpits, or groin 24 00:01:33.278 --> 00:01:39.528 (Great vessels: large vessels such as the carotid artery and jugular vein) Since the great blood vessels are the part where the blood flows outside, the heat goes down quickly 25 00:01:39.528 --> 00:01:45.779 It is better to mix 1/4 teaspoon of salt in 1 liter of water rather than just water 26 00:01:45.779 --> 00:01:52.529 Rather than drinking ionic beverages as they are, mixing them with water in a 1:1 ratio increases the absorption rate 27 00:01:52.529 --> 00:01:56.379 If it's too hot, you can wipe yourself with a wet towel and turn on a fan 28 00:01:56.379 --> 00:01:58.629 If you do this, most will recover within a few days without complications 29 00:01:58.629 --> 00:02:05.279 #Heat Cramps Heat cramps are a phenomenon that occurs when you drink only plain water 30 00:02:05.279 --> 00:02:10.379 (Electrolytes: ionic substances that make up the body, such as salt and potassium) It is a condition in which electrolytes are abnormal, causing muscle cramps and pain 31 00:02:10.379 --> 00:02:16.480 In this case, if you take water and salt, it will calm down without any problems 32 00:02:16.480 --> 00:02:21.230 #Heat Syncope Heat syncope is heat exhaustion so severe that you pass out briefly 33 00:02:21.230 --> 00:02:24.730 You must return to full consciousness within 30 minutes 34 00:02:24.730 --> 00:02:27.130 (Sequel effects: the result of the disease, damage, accident, etc., remaining after the cause of the problem occurred) In the absence of other neurological sequelae 35 00:02:27.130 --> 00:02:31.730 (Treatment for heat syncope: 1/4 teaspoon salt drink 1L water) Even in this case, the treatment is the same as for heatstroke 36 00:02:31.730 --> 00:02:35.680 #Hyperthermia Hyperthermia must be differentiated from heatstroke 37 00:02:35.680 --> 00:02:39.130 Hyperthermia is when consciousness is not restored for more than 30 minutes 38 00:02:39.130 --> 00:02:43.731 And the core body temperature rises above 40 degrees 39 00:02:43.731 --> 00:02:49.731 Hyperthermia is a stage in which brain cells, liver cells, and kidney cells are damaged 40 00:02:49.731 --> 00:02:52.531 Therefore, after-effects often remain after recovery 41 00:02:52.531 --> 00:02:57.281 #First Aid for Hyperthermia In this case, it is necessary to quickly drop the heat of the body 42 00:02:57.281 --> 00:03:00.431 The best way is to soak in ice water 43 00:03:00.431 --> 00:03:07.031 If it's not possible, it is recommended to cover the entire body with a cold towel or put an ice pack on it 44 00:03:07.031 --> 00:03:11.781 Also, you can sprinkle lukewarm water all over your body and turn on a strong fan 45 00:03:11.781 --> 00:03:14.232 However, in this case, lukewarm water is better than cold water 46 00:03:14.232 --> 00:03:18.332 (Peripheral blood vessels: tubes that carry blood from around the heart to the extremities of the body) Because cold water causes peripheral blood vessels to constrict 47 00:03:18.332 --> 00:03:22.982 It is recommended to use lukewarm water and turn on a fan 48 00:03:22.982 --> 00:03:25.782 #Burn Disease This is a burn disease 49 00:03:25.782 --> 00:03:29.582 #Burn Disease The depth of the burn can be divided into 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree 50 00:03:29.582 --> 00:03:33.382 First degree burns only affect the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin 51 00:03:33.382 --> 00:03:39.132 Even if the skin peels off, as shown in the picture 52 00:03:39.132 --> 00:03:41.382 it doesn’t leave scar or skin pigmentation 53 00:03:41.382 --> 00:03:46.833 However, if blisters appear and pain occurs, it is classified as a second degree burn 54 00:03:46.833 --> 00:03:53.783 The finger picture on the left shows a deep, second degree burn 55 00:03:53.783 --> 00:03:57.083 The picture on the right is a third degree burn 56 00:03:57.083 --> 00:03:59.683 The redness indicates a second degree burn 57 00:03:59.683 --> 00:04:01.883 In third degree burns, the affected area turns completely white 58 00:04:01.883 --> 00:04:05.283 Third degree burns do not cause pain 59 00:04:05.283 --> 00:04:08.233 In this case, skin grafting is required 60 00:04:08.233 --> 00:04:11.133 #Burn Injury - First Aid for Burns For first aid, it is necessary to remove the source of the burn 61 00:04:11.133 --> 00:04:14.534 Take off clothes immediately and remove any metal objects 62 00:04:14.534 --> 00:04:20.234 The burnt area should be cooled down in cold water, but never with iced water 63 00:04:20.234 --> 00:04:24.484 It’s because ice water can cause secondary damage by contracting blood vessels 64 00:04:24.484 --> 00:04:26.334 Room temperature water is sufficient enough 65 00:04:26.334 --> 00:04:29.584 It should be cooled enough for 30 minutes to 4 hours 66 00:04:29.584 --> 00:04:36.284 If it’s first degree burn, applying some aloe cream alone can reduce pain 67 00:04:36.284 --> 00:04:41.484 #Burn Injury - After Cooling Treatment Burns continue to progress even after cooling, so you should see your doctor regularly 68 00:04:41.484 --> 00:04:46.735 #Eye burn - Chemical Burn When certain substances splash into the eye and cause burns, it is called a chemical burn 69 00:04:46.735 --> 00:04:53.435 For an eye burn, it is important to quickly rinse the eye with a large amount of water before going to the hospital 70 00:04:54.035 --> 00:04:55.735 Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education - First-aid Required Diseases Cold-related injuries 71 00:04:55.735 --> 00:04:58.435 #Cold Injuries It’s the cold injuries 72 00:04:58.435 --> 00:05:03.185 #Risk factors for cold-related injuries Cold injuries means frostbite 73 00:05:03.185 --> 00:05:06.385 When the core body temperature drops, blood is drawn to the core of the body from the extremities 74 00:05:06.385 --> 00:05:10.135 to stabilize the core temperature 75 00:05:10.135 --> 00:05:15.586 As a result, absence of blood at the body’s extremities eventually causes frosbite 76 00:05:15.586 --> 00:05:18.886 Those who has difficulties in maintaining core body temperature 77 00:05:18.886 --> 00:05:21.636 or those whose peripheral blood vessels constrict easily are vulnerable to frosbite 78 00:05:21.636 --> 00:05:26.736 Smokers, people without fat, and people with cardiovascular diseases 79 00:05:26.736 --> 00:05:29.036 are also vulnerable to frosbite 80 00:05:29.036 --> 00:05:31.336 #Non-Freezing Cold Injuries 81 00:05:31.336 --> 00:05:34.986 (Pernio & Trench foot: an abnormal condition of skin or subcutaneous tissue that visibly appear on the nose, ears, fingertips, or toes due to peripheral circulatory disorders) Non-freezing cold injuries occur before freezing 82 00:05:34.986 --> 00:05:39.386 It occurs when a person is chronically exposed to a damp and cold environment 83 00:05:39.386 --> 00:05:44.287 Sometimes the skin turns into purple or black color 84 00:05:44.287 --> 00:05:46.087 or there could be many other symptoms 85 00:05:46.087 --> 00:05:52.737 But, when the fingertips and toes become warm again, they return to their pink color 86 00:05:52.737 --> 00:05:55.937 #Frostbite On the other hand, in the case of frostbites 87 00:05:55.937 --> 00:05:59.987 #Frostbites it will not allow the fingertips and toes to come back into their original pink color even though they are warmed 88 00:05:59.987 --> 00:06:03.437 It’s because the tissue is already damaged by freezing 89 00:06:03.437 --> 00:06:08.237 There may be injury stages just before frostbite, but it is difficult to distinguish them from frostbite 90 00:06:08.237 --> 00:06:14.138 Even after being warmed if the affected area remains discolored with a purplish or black appearance 91 00:06:14.138 --> 00:06:16.788 frostbite is suspected and it is important to seek medical attention 92 00:06:16.788 --> 00:06:20.488 #Emergency Treatment for frostbite Emergency treatment is important for frostbites 93 00:06:20.488 --> 00:06:26.188 (Core temperature: the temperature of internal organs such as the heart or bladder) You should first think about the core body temperature 94 00:06:26.188 --> 00:06:30.088 When the core body temperature rises, body’s going to finally supply blood to the periphery 95 00:06:30.088 --> 00:06:35.288 You should drink warm beverages or go to a warm place to raise your core body temperature 96 00:06:35.288 --> 00:06:41.839 The damaged area should be soaked in clean, 40-42 celsius water for 20-40 minutes 97 00:06:41.839 --> 00:06:47.089 It’s better to have a thermometer because if the water temperature is higher than 42 celsious, it may cause a burn 98 00:06:47.089 --> 00:06:51.339 (Adding Heat: The process of increasing the temperature of a substance or body part) You should never heat up by using dry air like a hair dryer 99 00:06:51.339 --> 00:06:54.489 For your face, you can apply a warm towel and change the towel frequently 100 00:06:54.489 --> 00:07:01.439 If the color does not return to normal after heating, you must visit a hospital 101 00:07:01.439 --> 00:07:03.314 And you must never smoke