Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education - First Aid Disease Heat-related injuries
#Heat Injury I'm going to explain about heat injury
#Heat Injury Risk Factors When we are in a place with high temperatures, our body expels the heated heat out
This is called thermal acclimatization, and there are two major bases for thermal acclimatization
(Thermal radiation: a form of direct heat emission in the form of electromagnetic waves such as infrared rays emitted from objects) The first is thermal radiation, which radiates heat directly from the body
The second is to take away heat by evaporating the excreted sweat
(Heat of vaporization: amount of heat required to change a given amount of a substance from liquid to gas at a constant pressure) That is, there are two mechanisms using the heat of vaporization
However, if the temperature is above 35 degrees
(Thermal radiation: a form of direct heat emission in the form of electromagnetic waves such as infrared rays emitted from objects) Heat radiation stops because there is no difference between body temperature and air temperature
If heat radiation isn't possible, sweat must be evaporated
But in the case of high humidity, sweat cannot evaporate, so it makes us vulnerable (to heat acclimatization)
A large amount of blood must be drawn near the skin to radiate heat and expel sweat
This is called peripheral blood vessel dilation
(Core temperature: the temperature of internal organs such as the heart or bladder) If the core temperature rises by 1 degree, the heart must pump more than 3 liters of blood per minute
This means you need to pump more blood than usual
But if you have a weak heart, or are dehydrated, do manual labor
Are too young, too old, or too tired, heat acclimatization is at a disadvantage
#Heatstroke Heatstroke is the most common heat injury
#Heatstroke It is also expressed in words like heat exhaustion, or feeling overheated
Nausea and dizziness are the most common symptoms of heatstroke
bu it usually subsides if you get enough water
#First Aid for heatstroke As a first aid, rest in a cool place and wear loose clothing
If you feel dizzy, raise your legs above your chest
And place an ice pack on your neck, chest, armpits, or groin
(Great vessels: large vessels such as the carotid artery and jugular vein) Since the great blood vessels are the part where the blood flows outside, the heat goes down quickly
It is better to mix 1/4 teaspoon of salt in 1 liter of water rather than just water
Rather than drinking ionic beverages as they are, mixing them with water in a 1:1 ratio increases the absorption rate
If it's too hot, you can wipe yourself with a wet towel and turn on a fan
If you do this, most will recover within a few days without complications
#Heat Cramps Heat cramps are a phenomenon that occurs when you drink only plain water
(Electrolytes: ionic substances that make up the body, such as salt and potassium) It is a condition in which electrolytes are abnormal, causing muscle cramps and pain
In this case, if you take water and salt, it will calm down without any problems
#Heat Syncope Heat syncope is heat exhaustion so severe that you pass out briefly
You must return to full consciousness within 30 minutes
(Sequel effects: the result of the disease, damage, accident, etc., remaining after the cause of the problem occurred) In the absence of other neurological sequelae
(Treatment for heat syncope: 1/4 teaspoon salt drink 1L water) Even in this case, the treatment is the same as for heatstroke
#Hyperthermia Hyperthermia must be differentiated from heatstroke
Hyperthermia is when consciousness is not restored for more than 30 minutes
And the core body temperature rises above 40 degrees
Hyperthermia is a stage in which brain cells, liver cells, and kidney cells are damaged
Therefore, after-effects often remain after recovery
#First Aid for Hyperthermia In this case, it is necessary to quickly drop the heat of the body
The best way is to soak in ice water
If it's not possible, it is recommended to cover the entire body with a cold towel or put an ice pack on it
Also, you can sprinkle lukewarm water all over your body and turn on a strong fan
However, in this case, lukewarm water is better than cold water
(Peripheral blood vessels: tubes that carry blood from around the heart to the extremities of the body) Because cold water causes peripheral blood vessels to constrict
It is recommended to use lukewarm water and turn on a fan
#Burn Disease This is a burn disease
#Burn Disease The depth of the burn can be divided into 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree
First degree burns only affect the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin
Even if the skin peels off, as shown in the picture
it doesn’t leave scar or skin pigmentation
However, if blisters appear and pain occurs, it is classified as a second degree burn
The finger picture on the left shows a deep, second degree burn
The picture on the right is a third degree burn
The redness indicates a second degree burn
In third degree burns, the affected area turns completely white
Third degree burns do not cause pain
In this case, skin grafting is required
#Burn Injury - First Aid for Burns For first aid, it is necessary to remove the source of the burn
Take off clothes immediately and remove any metal objects
The burnt area should be cooled down in cold water, but never with iced water
It’s because ice water can cause secondary damage by contracting blood vessels
Room temperature water is sufficient enough
It should be cooled enough for 30 minutes to 4 hours
If it’s first degree burn, applying some aloe cream alone can reduce pain
#Burn Injury - After Cooling Treatment Burns continue to progress even after cooling, so you should see your doctor regularly
#Eye burn - Chemical Burn When certain substances splash into the eye and cause burns, it is called a chemical burn
For an eye burn, it is important to quickly rinse the eye with a large amount of water before going to the hospital
Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education - First-aid Required Diseases Cold-related injuries
#Cold Injuries It’s the cold injuries
#Risk factors for cold-related injuries Cold injuries means frostbite
When the core body temperature drops, blood is drawn to the core of the body from the extremities
to stabilize the core temperature
As a result, absence of blood at the body’s extremities eventually causes frosbite
Those who has difficulties in maintaining core body temperature
or those whose peripheral blood vessels constrict easily are vulnerable to frosbite
Smokers, people without fat, and people with cardiovascular diseases
are also vulnerable to frosbite
#Non-Freezing Cold Injuries
(Pernio & Trench foot: an abnormal condition of skin or subcutaneous tissue that visibly appear on the nose, ears, fingertips, or toes due to peripheral circulatory disorders) Non-freezing cold injuries occur before freezing
It occurs when a person is chronically exposed to a damp and cold environment
Sometimes the skin turns into purple or black color
or there could be many other symptoms
But, when the fingertips and toes become warm again, they return to their pink color
#Frostbite On the other hand, in the case of frostbites
#Frostbites it will not allow the fingertips and toes to come back into their original pink color even though they are warmed
It’s because the tissue is already damaged by freezing
There may be injury stages just before frostbite, but it is difficult to distinguish them from frostbite
Even after being warmed if the affected area remains discolored with a purplish or black appearance
frostbite is suspected and it is important to seek medical attention
#Emergency Treatment for frostbite Emergency treatment is important for frostbites
(Core temperature: the temperature of internal organs such as the heart or bladder) You should first think about the core body temperature
When the core body temperature rises, body’s going to finally supply blood to the periphery
You should drink warm beverages or go to a warm place to raise your core body temperature
The damaged area should be soaked in clean, 40-42 celsius water for 20-40 minutes
It’s better to have a thermometer because if the water temperature is higher than 42 celsious, it may cause a burn
(Adding Heat: The process of increasing the temperature of a substance or body part) You should never heat up by using dry air like a hair dryer
For your face, you can apply a warm towel and change the towel frequently
If the color does not return to normal after heating, you must visit a hospital
And you must never smoke