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(Flying Doctors Korea Crisis Education)
Hello everyone. I am an emergency(EM) specialist, Choi Jae-hyeong

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I will tell you about necessary illness and first aid when you are abroad

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First, I’ll talk about dangerous symptoms

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#Dangerous symptom-mental deterioration
You should immediately report mental deterioration without hesitation

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#mental deterioration: Various conditions such as cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, stroke, massive bleeding, heat stroke, and intoxication can cause altered consciousness

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Fundamentally, losing consciousness means fainting or passing out

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When there is no response even when calling loudly, immediately calling for help is advisable 

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You should also carefully observe

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where someone has become unconscious after drinking or fell into a deep sleep after taking the sleeping pills

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In such cases, it is common for the person to experience difficulty breathing, leading to potential respiratory distress

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Therefore, you must report when a person is unconscious

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#Dangerous symptoms - pleurodynia(chest pain)
Conclusively, you can say that

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when you can pinpoint the exact area of the pain or when it hurts while you move

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or when touching the area causing pain, it is not that dangerous

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#Chest pain - In dangerous cases, symptoms such as cold sweat, nausea, pain radiating to the shoulders and jaw, and accompanying breathing difficulties

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occurs accompanied by chest pain, one should suspect a heart attack


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You should call for emergency medical assistance and go to the hospital as soon as possible.

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#Chest pain - Medical History
Next, in the case of medical history

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Those who have experienced a heart attack once are prone to recurrence

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If the displayed content applies to you (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history), you should suspect a heart attack.

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#Chest pain- Tension pneumothorax
Separate from heart attack,

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(Tension pneumothorax: Air enters the pleural cavity but cannot escape, causing difficulty breathing)
If you experience chest trauma and have difficulty breathing

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you should suspect tension pneumothorax

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#Dangerous symptoms - Brain disease

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[#Representative symptoms of brain disease: One-sided paralysis of the arms and legs, speech disorders, decreased consciousness, spinning dizziness]
If one arm or leg is paralyzed or speech becomes slurred, it is naturally recognized as dangerous symptoms

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#Brain disease - Extremely dangerous cases. 
Facial paralysis requires differential diagnosis

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#Brain disease - Extremely dangerous cases
In cases of one-sided facial paralysis where wrinkles appear on the forehead, there is a high possibility of central nervous system problems such as stroke 

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There is a high possibility of stroke (cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage)

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#Brain diseases - less dangerous cases
On the other hand, if there is no wrinkle on the forehead in cases of one-sided facial paralysis,

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(Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy: A condition where the nerve that controls the facial muscles is damaged)
it is and considered peripheral facial nerve paralysis, which damages the nerve that controls the facial muscles, is not considered to be very dangerous

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#Dangerous symptom - Abdominal pain

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#Abdominal pain - Dangerous cases: when the location of the pain changes

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For example, if the pain moves from back or sternum area

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towards the belly button with a tearing pain sensation

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(Aortic Dissection: A condition that occurs when the inner layers of the aorta, the main artery, tear or separate, causing a rupture within the vessel wall)
there is a high possibility that it's aortic dissection

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When pressed on the painful area with the hand

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(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A disease in which the abdominal aorta, the largest blood vessel in the abdomen, expands or bulges by more than 50% compared to its normal size)
If you can feel a pulsation, high possibility of an abdominal aortic aneurysm

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In both cases, it is an emergency situation because

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it is impossible to predict when the aorta will rupture

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Pain that worsens when walking or moving may require surgery

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(Infectious Disease: A condition caused by the invasion of bacteria, viruses, or fungi)
If accompanied by fever, it may indicate an infectious disease

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If symptoms of prolonged abdominal pain or discomfort suddenly worsens

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(Gastric Perforation/Duodenal Perforation: A condition where there is a hole in the stomach or duodenum)
it may indicate abdominal pain with the possibility of surgical intervention, such as gastric or duodenal perforation

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If there is pain in the side or visible blood in the urine, it may be a kidney disorder

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#Dangerous symptom - Vomiting

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#Vomiting - Dangerous case. Vomiting blood is a dangerous symptom you may already know

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If there are other symptoms such as cold sweat, chest pain, and difficulty breathing, myocardial infarction may be suspected

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If there is dizziness, cerebral infarction/hemorrhage may be suspected

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If severe headache and high fever are accompanied

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(Meningitis: A disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
it raises suspicion of central nervous system infection, such as meningitis

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If someone who has previously undergone abdominal surgery experiences abdominal distension

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(Intestinal Obstruction: A condition where a portion or the entire intestine is blocked, preventing the passage of intestinal contents)
has not had a bowel movement, and is experiencing vomiting, it may indicate the possibility of intestinal obstruction

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If a person with diabetes who doesn't manage it experiences vomiting and their condition is not good

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it is suspected that they may have a very dangerous complication of diabetes

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(Hyperthyroidism: A condition characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones)
If someone with hyperthyroidism experiences severe vomiting

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it is necessary to suspect a worsening of the condition

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#Dangerous symptom - Diarrhea

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Black stool and bloody stool are dangerous

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#Dangerous case of diarrhea: bloody stool
Bloody stool is caused by bleeding in the lower digestive tract

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#Dangerous case of diarrhea: black stool 
Black stool is caused by bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, turning into black as it travels downward

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In such cases, it is essential to go to the hospital

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#Dangerous case of diarrhea: persistent diarrhea lasting more than 3 days
Even if a person has watery diarrhea for more than 3 days, it can be a problem

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#Dangerous case: diarrhea accompanied by fever
Diarrhea accompanied by fever is also dangerous

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(Adrenal Gland: An accessory organ of the kidney responsible for hormone production / Hyperthyroidism: A condition characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones.)
If someone with adrenal gland issues or hyperthyroidism experiences diarrhea

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it may raise suspicion of a worsening of their underlying condition

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If severe diarrhea occurs after taking antibiotics for a few days as there is a possibility of acute appendicitis,

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(Gastrointestinal Clostridium difficile Infection: An inflammation of the intestine caused by the overgrowth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the colon, resulting from prolonged antibiotic use)
it is essential to visit a hospital