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Webtoon basics
Understanding Webtoons

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GCC Academy


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Study goals
Can explain the evolution from cartoon to Webtoon


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Can xplain the difference of cartoon and Webtoon in terms of page format and scroll format


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Study content
Evolution of Webtoon and production process

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Characteristics of page format and scroll format

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Writer Yong-hoe Gim
∙(Former) Adjunct professor of ChungKang College of Cultural Industries
∙(Former) Dean of Seoul Webtoon Academy

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Works
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈Flower that Blooms Again〉 
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈Just Only That〉 
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈A Midsummer Night's Dream〉
∙Kakao Webtoon 〈Masterpiece〉


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Hello this is Webtoonist Yong-hoe Gim

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Now is an age where countless media contents are available through a phone

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From live news to living information

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culture trend, drama series and movies, even novels

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Many things are readily available with just a phone

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Among all of these, the ones that are most closely related to our everyday lives are

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social media like Instagram and TikTok


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video platforms like YouTube and Netflix, and Webtoon


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Webtoon, that became the representative of 'one source multi use' by becoming possible for many people

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to enjoy cartoon on mobile phones and became original works of drama series' or movies


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This lecture will teach you the whole process

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of creating a Webtoon through an experts lecture

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for an understanding of Webtoon

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In today's lecture, we'll learn what Webtoon is

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We'll first learn how cartoon

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the parent of Webtoon evolved into Webtoon in Korea


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and learn how previous cartoons and Webtoon is different

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through the format of page format and scroll format

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Evolution of Webtoon and Production Process


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What is Webtoon?

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Now, where mobile devices are common


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the current generation had Webtoon since they were born

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and were available for free

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so they grew up enjoying Webtoon as a part of their daily life

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Webtoon refers to cartoons in vertical scrolling format

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suited for mobile device environments 


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Cartoon is the original form of Webtoon of now

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and this original form will not disappear as long as books exist

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In 2024, Korea is in its golden age in cartoon history

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with the largest market

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after the coinage of the new name 'Webtoon' 

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Within the word 'Webtoon,' cartoon has

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gained the general definition of 

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vertical scroll colored cartoon optimized for mobile phone screens

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from digital cartoons viewed on computer monitors

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It expanded the domestic market explosively and is spreading the

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new cartoon format named Webtoon to the world

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Even just 10 years ago, the black and white story delivering media

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made with pen dipped in ink on paper

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was the typical cartoon of Asia

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While Europe and North America's cartoon market advanced to color in the past

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Asian cartoons maintained black and white

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developing while focusing more on the plot and production of the story

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Japan's cartoon industry leaded the Asian cartoon culture

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and experimented with new formats and genre

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and simultaneously developed the animation market

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In Europe and North America where there was little development in terms of format

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found charm in the Asian cartoons

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Korea, which maintained a significant market in Asia other than Japan

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in the late 1990s  when Japan cartoon was taking over the world


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[Korean cartoon industry faces challenges in the late 1990s]
sadly experiences a time of extinction

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In 1990s, Korea also launches cartoon focused magazines inspired by

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Japanese cartoon magazines

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Following IQ JUMP of Seoul Media Comics, BOY CHAMP of Daewon, CHANCE of Haksan

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YOUNG JUMP, YOUNG CHAMP, BIG JUMP, TWENTY SEVEN, NANA and etc. 

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magazines for boys and girls, teenagers, adult men and women

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developed while specializing for each age group

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If cartoons from cartoon publishers would be printed out as books

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20,000 copies were sold nationwide instantly 


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thanks to the book rental store, and the industry enjoyed the greatest boom

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But within less than 10 years

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published cartoon market represented by the magazine cartoon industry 

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declined due to the Juvenile Protection Act


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and because of this, many cartoonists came out to the streets


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demanding freedom of expression

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Then with the following 1997 currency crisis, magazines and publishers disappeared

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leading into a slump that lasts for more than 10 years

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It wasn't in fact just a slump, it was almost withering to death


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Most of the people who worked in the cartoon industry left the industry

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and the people left were barely holding onto it through education cartoon market for children

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At that time, with the supply of high speed internet and personal computers

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it was the age of venture businesses 

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A new business model of IT industry was quickening world wide

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and portal sites appear in Korea as well with the supply of the internet 

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Portal sites become an economic index 

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with the number of visitors on the internet and the time they stay in the site

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so they expanded the entertainment area to attract users 

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As short and light cartoons by amateur cartoonists 

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started to be consumed for free

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Portal sites started free cartoon service with amateurs' short cartoons


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Daum Portal makes the 'World in Cartoons' section

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and discovers a best seller cartoonist called Kang Full during the beginning of Webtoon

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Naver also expanded their cartoon section following Daum


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Cho Seok, Joo Ho-min, Lee Mal-nyeon  etc.


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and other rookie cartoonists become a part of Naver

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Rookie cartoonists used programs developed from photo editing tools

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like Photoshop and board tablet by Wacom to draw instead of paper and pen

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Rookie cartoonists that generalized the digital working system using Photoshop and board tablets 

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Even until this time, cartoon was mostly in page format

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viewed on desktop monitors 

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After November 2009, when iPhone was released in Korea


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IT industry grows around mobile phones' app markets after November 2009

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A few years later, cartoons are optimized for small mobile phone viewer size

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instead of computer monitors

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And the word Webtoon referring to

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digital cartoon viewed on mobile phone screens

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is generalized 

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The period of Daum and Naver's duopoly

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was maintained with the cheap basic wages paid to amateur cartoonists by the portal sites

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for investment purposes 

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Only to established cartoonists with popular works or cartoonists of popular serial works

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would be paid differential production cost

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For your information, during the magazine cartoon ages in 1998, copy money per page was


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more than 100,000won for popular cartoonists, about 35,000won for new cartoonists

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and others would get about 50,000won 

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releasing 16 pages weekly of 24 pages every two weeks

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In the case of weekly release, taking the general 50,000won copy money 

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cartoonists were payed copy money of 3,200,000 won monthly


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After 10 years, there were price fluctuations 

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but in 2013, portal sites' Webtoon copy money was still at about 2~300,000 won per episode 

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Most cartoonists were receiving around or little bit more than 1,000,000won monthly

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In 2013, Lezhin Comics attempts charging for Webtoons with a women focused user base 

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And they offer minimum monthly copy money of 2,000,000 won for new cartoonists 


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As Lezhin succeeds in paid Webtoon platform on its own

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Daum and Naver also adopts a preview system

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making profit structure of current cartoonists 

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The Webtoon trend of this time was lightness

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The story, and the drawing style as well

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cartoons that can be consumed lightly and relaxed were popular

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As the preview system was confirmed to be a huge profit model

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the Webtoon section of portal sites become separate, branching as Webtoon corporates 

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Making Webtoon apps that are independent of the portal sites

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older cartoonists from the period of publishing cartoon also joined the Webtoon market, speeding it up qualitatively and quantitatively 

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Comedy or daily life Webtoons that were

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popular creating the new major of Webtoon 

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could not make profit off the preview system so disappeared 


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With the supply of cartoon creating program Clip Studio Paint and screen tablet 

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digital creations' quality starts to increase 

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Popular cartoonists earn over 100 million wons with preview profits 

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Agencies that were in small groups 

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grow with investments thanks to the increase in profitability of the Webtoon market 

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Daum's 'World in Cartoons' misses the timing for growth 

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becoming a political variable of Daum portal

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and Naver steals the lead

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Afterwards, following the corporate merger of Daum and Kakao, its name changed to Kakao Webtoon


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A Kakao Page series with a Web novel original work

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〈Solo Leveling〉 made a huge hit


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speeding up Webtoonization of Web novels 

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Naver Webtoon and Kakao page 

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establish local Webtoon platforms in Japan and North America

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As agencies and Webtoon creators increased


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a golden age of studio made Web novel based Webtoons were brought


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Web novel publishers Webtoonize their main IP to a internal studio production format

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The largest cartoon market in Korea in history was made

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Korean Webtoon settles in the world market 

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And now, post-COVID

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visitors of Webtoon platforms have started to decrease

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It does also seem like a temporary incidence 

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that does not put the market itself in danger

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Even after post-COVID the Webtoon industry is kept large in scale

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Naver Webtoon and Kakao page are profiting by

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opening Webtoon platforms in North America and Europe after Japan

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Lezhin and Toptoon, Toomics are also providing platforms abroad 

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Webtoon platforms other than Naver and Kakao

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[Lezhin, Toptoon, Toomics]
settled in the market focusing on adult content


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and especially platforms targeting female audience is strong

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Naver and Kakao Webtoon platforms also

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make meaningful results with some female-targeted adult content publishing

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seeking diversifying genre based profit system 

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The two Webtoon platforms seem to be putting focus on

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not only Web novel based works but also launching original works by individual cartoonists

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Readers have departmentalized even more in terms of age group and genre

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Choosing and placing the right pieces based on the demand of the readers 

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Watching the growth of the Webtoon market

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the people that saw the rise and fall of published cartoon market

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have felt déjà vus since a few years ago and have worried

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Genre biasing for profit only eventually will lead to only have core readers 

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and the market will get distanced from the public interest 


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If profit falls, production payment falls 

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downgrading the production environment, decreasing the quality of the work

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They experienced even the core readers turning their backs 

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during the cartoon magazine and published cartoon period

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so they have been warning and worried that it does not happen again in the Webtoon period 

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But unlike publishing operators the Webtoon market built by IT operators

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grew expanding their market to the global market

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Now in 2023, as the growth of the Webtoon industry is slowing down

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many agencies and producers 

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are seeking survival as not enough profit is secured

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compared to the expanded market 

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As production cost increased profit cost was increased in studio format works

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Before, production was possible with a profit of 30 million won monthly 

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but now it's been long that at least 60 million won is needed monthly to maintain production

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Due to this, producers also try making color team in South East Asia

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where labor cost is low in an attempt to decrease production costs

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Like this, nobody knows how the turbulent growth of 

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the Webtoon industry will continue

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It is just that the cartoonists have the responsibilty

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to create what they want to create and make it fun

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Now we'll learn how Webtoons are created

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[Webtoon production process]
following the production steps


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As the basis of Webtoon is cartoons

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the production process is not very different from cartoon production process

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When you see the production process of cartoon and Webtoon

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Discovering and planning the topic

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Planning the plot and characters

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Total synopsis following the unfolding of events

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Planning and relocating the plot from character-focused to event-focused

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Writing written storyboard for each episode with the calculation of cuts aimed to image the plot 

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Then make the image storyboard and sketch

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Line it, color it and touch it up

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And lastly with final editing, it is done

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First, discovering and planning the topic comes from stories of daily life

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or a story from a genre that one had fun seeing

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or something that seems fun 

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and turning that into a story

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Second, planning the plot and characters is from the planned topic

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with primary story planning that is event-focused

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narrative based on the protagonists character

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along with the character's physical appearance design done simultaneously 

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so once the simulation is done, a basic relationships of individuals are established 

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It is good to take the story simulation light

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from the main character's point of view, up until the ending

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The ending of the story might change

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but if you know the direction of where to go

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you at least don't get lost

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Third, the total synopsis following the unfolding of events

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must be organized into a single page of an A4 paper

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separating the whole plot into 4 big events with introduction, development, turn, and conclusion

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but needs one key sentence that represents the plot 

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That is a log line 

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Fourth, planning and relocating the plot that was in linear time

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 to character- and event-focused story

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This is called plot

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Like this, the rough total story line organized

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In the case of long stories, situations and details are added along the release of episodes

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When the prepared narrative is short so it reaches the ending of the story

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but one has to keep going with the work due to the popularity of the piece

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one can repeat the steps 1 to 4 and prepare a story

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Fifth, writing written storyboard for each episode 


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with the calculation of cuts aimed to image the plot 

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Usually lines or situation depiction is organized for every 3 episodes considering the actual cut count 

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Sixth, image storyboard determines based on the written storyboard 

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the line distribution, placement of speech bubbles

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size of cuts and camera angles and shot

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00:17:23,018 --> 00:17:28,930
Seventh, you start sketching based on the storyboard that is prepared

244
00:17:28,930 --> 00:17:31,699
and that way the sketching process will be less demanding

245
00:17:32,118 --> 00:17:39,818
Eighth, lining is a process related to drawing the characters, backgrounds, sketchup etc. 

246
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3D sources like sketchup are put in when doing the sketching in prior

247
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so the sketch and lining process is done easier 

248
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Nineth, adding color and final touches 

249
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that fit the lined drawings 

250
00:17:54,868 --> 00:18:00,568
Especially the final touches are important in Webtoons because of the light effects 

251
00:18:00,568 --> 00:18:05,418
This is because Webtoon is viewed on shining phone screens

252
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Lastly the final editing is checking typos, final organization of lines

253
00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:14,668
cut harmony within the scroll format

254
00:18:14,668 --> 00:18:18,168
Webtoons are created usually following these steps

255
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For the black and white published cartoons before Webtoons, color is an option

256
00:18:22,920 --> 00:18:27,068
so the order from the planning to the production of it isn't much different

257
00:18:27,068 --> 00:18:29,280
When preparing the story, no matter how much you prepare for it

258
00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:32,718
there will always be something lacking 

259
00:18:32,718 --> 00:18:40,168
It is impossible to have all the plot planned out and then starting the drawing 

260
00:18:40,418 --> 00:18:44,318
So it is also important to build the character

261
00:18:44,318 --> 00:18:48,839
Even during events, the characters need to be

262
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the core of the plot with their own personalities to not let the story shake

263
00:18:52,618 --> 00:18:56,518
Characteristics of page format and scroll format

264
00:18:57,079 --> 00:19:00,117
We'll learn about page format of published cartoons

265
00:19:00,117 --> 00:19:04,917
The largest difference of published cartoon and Webtoon is the viewer

266
00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:09,959
Even in the current era of Webtoons, cartoon books are still being printed

267
00:19:09,959 --> 00:19:12,769
and are also provided as electronic books

268
00:19:13,719 --> 00:19:18,510
Out of Korea, still in Japan, North America and Europe

269
00:19:18,510 --> 00:19:22,019
page format cartoon is seen by many readers 


270
00:19:22,019 --> 00:19:24,667
as books or electronic books 

271
00:19:24,667 --> 00:19:32,920
Also, popular Webtoons are re-edited into books and published

272
00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:37,067
Readers' desire to own the pieces that they like

273
00:19:37,417 --> 00:19:40,817
have gone beyond paying for and buying it on the platform

274
00:19:40,817 --> 00:19:45,617
and has reached to the desire to own the material book 

275
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Apart from these commercial reasons

276
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Webtoon is a evolved form of cartoon

277
00:19:52,067 --> 00:19:57,917
so it is helpful to understand cartoon and know the differences

278
00:19:57,917 --> 00:20:03,560
Published cartoons are in page view format that places

279
00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:06,567
various cuts in a page that is standardized to a book format

280
00:20:06,567 --> 00:20:09,479
Like the famous modern painting of Mondrian

281
00:20:09,479 --> 00:20:13,880
with just size, shapes and color distributions of the rectangles

282
00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:16,367
artistic inspiration is delivered


283
00:20:16,367 --> 00:20:22,660
Cuts in page format lets readers feel beauty of composition with just the

284
00:20:22,660 --> 00:20:26,217
size and shape of the cuts 

285
00:20:26,467 --> 00:20:31,467
It is like small tiles placed in a large frame

286
00:20:31,467 --> 00:20:35,490
There is something that you can naturally feel as you read cartoons

287
00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:40,617
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 1]
First, there's direction of the gaze when reading the cartoon


288
00:20:40,917 --> 00:20:44,160
Rectangular cuts of cartoons each have

289
00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:47,117
information to deliver the story


290
00:20:47,117 --> 00:20:51,140
The gaze of the reader instinctively  

291
00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:56,839
flows from left to right, top to bottom

292
00:20:56,839 --> 00:20:59,599
Of course like in Japan there are exceptions

293
00:20:59,599 --> 00:21:02,467
like when books are read from right to left


294
00:21:02,467 --> 00:21:07,767
But most people's gaze flows from left to right

295
00:21:07,767 --> 00:21:14,117
Flow of gaze is proven in the drawing, photo, video arts fields 

296
00:21:14,117 --> 00:21:19,839
The flow from top to bottom can be assumed that it is due to the effect of gravity

297
00:21:19,839 --> 00:21:23,917
but I thought why would the left to right flow would be

298
00:21:23,917 --> 00:21:28,917
Most humans use tools with their right hand


299
00:21:28,917 --> 00:21:32,239
Especially if we say that one holds a wooden stick

300
00:21:32,239 --> 00:21:35,666
to protect oneself from danger

301
00:21:35,666 --> 00:21:40,330
the right side is protected with the weapon held on the right hand

302
00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:42,880
the empty left side is more concerned

303
00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:46,666
making the gaze flow from left to right

304
00:21:46,666 --> 00:21:50,000
I guess that right handed human kind's

305
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,280
left-first gaze is for this reason

306
00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:55,816
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 2]
Secondly, there's cut sizes


307
00:21:55,816 --> 00:22:00,566
There are cartoons with fixed cut sizes that are constant

308
00:22:00,566 --> 00:22:05,710
but most cuts of page cartoons are combinations of various cut sizes

309
00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:11,966
What and how would the cut sized be determined when placing the cuts? 

310
00:22:11,966 --> 00:22:15,040
In the beginning, the amount of lines or narrations

311
00:22:15,040 --> 00:22:19,616
or the background information of the image like 

312
00:22:19,616 --> 00:22:25,416
huge plains, overwhelming big mountains, or small objects determined the cut sizes

313
00:22:25,416 --> 00:22:30,216
when the story was narrative-focused but now as dramatic situation depiction

314
00:22:30,216 --> 00:22:35,266
like plays or movies are actively expressed in cartoons

315
00:22:35,266 --> 00:22:40,266
cut sizes are determined based on emotions now

316
00:22:40,616 --> 00:22:43,880
There is now a need to boldly enlarge the 

317
00:22:43,880 --> 00:22:46,716
size of cuts to deliver strong emotions

318
00:22:46,716 --> 00:22:51,119
Apart from showing scenery with big cuts

319
00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:53,716
when the main character's emotion explodes

320
00:22:53,716 --> 00:22:57,560
the emotional impact is needed

321
00:22:57,560 --> 00:23:01,160
so big cuts are used also in character's close up scenes


322
00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:04,319
It is obvious but placing small cuts before 

323
00:23:04,319 --> 00:23:07,400
the big cuts that express strong emotions

324
00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:12,466
create a contrast in size, enhancing the impact of the big cut

325
00:23:12,466 --> 00:23:16,580
Once these basic notions are generalized, irony is possible

326
00:23:16,880 --> 00:23:18,966
Emotions that are quiet but have big impact

327
00:23:18,966 --> 00:23:22,959
can be expressed with dramatically small drawing inside a big cut or a small cut

328
00:23:22,959 --> 00:23:28,450
in a way that is very concentrated and focused

329
00:23:28,800 --> 00:23:31,616
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 3]
Thirdly, there's a connection of cuts


330
00:23:31,616 --> 00:23:34,560
In page cartoons there needs a flow of transition

331
00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:37,316
when it moves on the to next page

332
00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:41,920
The last cut of this page needs to be

333
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:44,066
connected with the first cut of the next page

334
00:23:44,066 --> 00:23:46,800
so the first and last cut of the page 

335
00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:49,009
is more important than any other

336
00:23:49,409 --> 00:23:53,520
Using vanishing cuts that gradually becomes smaller at the end of a page

337
00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:59,660
or the first cut of the next page having a stage or view point change 

338
00:23:59,660 --> 00:24:01,850
is used in that context

339
00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:04,990
[Page cartoons' formal characteristic 4]
Fourth, the function of spaces


340
00:24:04,990 --> 00:24:09,615
The spaces between cuts naturally become time

341
00:24:09,615 --> 00:24:12,965
It becomes 0.1 seconds and also becomes 100 years

342
00:24:12,965 --> 00:24:15,959
Like this using the space between two cuts

343
00:24:15,959 --> 00:24:19,165
physical time can be expressed

344
00:24:19,165 --> 00:24:24,060
so it can produce a jump cut effect that is very important in production

345
00:24:24,565 --> 00:24:28,959
Jump cut is a production method that

346
00:24:28,959 --> 00:24:32,015
jumps right to the next situation without delay of time or emotion

347
00:24:32,015 --> 00:24:36,400
so it doesn't connect the character's movement or situation naturally

348
00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:41,715
but intentionally cut it off and create speed

349
00:24:41,715 --> 00:24:44,839
I just organized the formal characteristics of cartoons

350
00:24:44,839 --> 00:24:50,839
into first gaze, second cut size, third connection between cuts

351
00:24:50,839 --> 00:24:55,000
and fourth the function of spaces

352
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:57,719
When you read your favorite cartoons

353
00:24:57,719 --> 00:25:00,520
if you focus on these four characteristics 

354
00:25:00,520 --> 00:25:02,920
you will be able to feel another fun in it

355
00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:07,815
Page format cartoon is optimized for book print format viewers 

356
00:25:07,815 --> 00:25:15,265
Page view format cartoon can be inconvenient to view on mobile phones 

357
00:25:15,265 --> 00:25:18,715
For long, cartoons have been in page formats

358
00:25:18,715 --> 00:25:23,815
This is still true, and still in many places on Earth

359
00:25:23,815 --> 00:25:28,465
page format cartoons are created, published, and spread

360
00:25:28,465 --> 00:25:35,815
After 1997 Korean cartoon industry experienced hardship due to external reasons 

361
00:25:35,815 --> 00:25:39,920
After enduring a 10 year slump

362
00:25:39,920 --> 00:25:42,515
a new cartoon market was born

363
00:25:42,515 --> 00:25:45,915
In 2009, since the iPhone was released in Korea

364
00:25:45,915 --> 00:25:50,665
IT industry grew centered around mobile phone app market

365
00:25:50,665 --> 00:25:54,265
and cartoon sections on portal sites quickly moved from computer monitors 

366
00:25:54,265 --> 00:25:58,315
to optimized for mobile phone screens

367
00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:03,000
On desktop computer monitors, the existing page view format was

368
00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:07,110
able to stay as is in terms of size

369
00:26:07,560 --> 00:26:12,565
but to view it on mobile phones, the letters and pictures small and inconvenient to view

370
00:26:12,565 --> 00:26:18,015
Cartoonists starting looking for the best format for mobile phone screen size

371
00:26:18,015 --> 00:26:24,040
They enlarge the letters, adjust the cut shapes to fit the vertical phone screen

372
00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:28,680
and seek for the right composition that is convenient to view on small screens

373
00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:33,160
In this period of adaptation and evolution

374
00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:36,064
the new name Webtoon was also born

375
00:26:36,439 --> 00:26:40,414
If the existing cartoon industry was an industry of publishers 

376
00:26:40,414 --> 00:26:44,759
the cartoon industry of now has become an industry of IT operators

377
00:26:45,359 --> 00:26:49,680
Webtoon is a vertical scroll format color cartoon

378
00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:52,814
that has mobile phones as the basic viewer

379
00:26:52,814 --> 00:26:58,364
The cartoon viewer has changed from books to phones

380
00:26:58,364 --> 00:27:01,499
The cases of using horizontal screens

381
00:27:01,499 --> 00:27:04,914
are only when watching videos like drama series or movies

382
00:27:04,914 --> 00:27:07,090
or when playing mobile games

383
00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:12,959
Page cartoon reading has a gaze of horizontal to vertical

384
00:27:12,959 --> 00:27:15,719
and horizontal gaze flow was important

385
00:27:15,719 --> 00:27:19,400
But phones have their horizontal blocked 

386
00:27:19,400 --> 00:27:22,414
Instead, the vertical has become infinite 

387
00:27:22,414 --> 00:27:27,520
The spaces that were time in page cartoons also gained vertical freedom

388
00:27:27,520 --> 00:27:31,239
By expanding the time of emotion with the vertical length

389
00:27:31,239 --> 00:27:33,040
emotion can be also expanded


390
00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:35,864
The time of emotion can also be delayed

391
00:27:35,864 --> 00:27:42,264
Readers can more actively experience the physical time through Webtoons

392
00:27:42,264 --> 00:27:46,040
The wideness that was shown horizontally is now shown vertically

393
00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:51,314
With fancier colors and effects that are optimized to advanced phones 

394
00:27:51,314 --> 00:27:54,914
Screens of phones shine light unlike paper

395
00:27:54,914 --> 00:28:00,364
[Mobile phone viewer environment characteristic 1]
Strong and effective light expression


396
00:28:00,364 --> 00:28:04,314
Viewer environment for viewing cartoon on phones

397
00:28:04,314 --> 00:28:09,439
[Mobile phone viewer environment characteristic 2]
created a cartoon market called Webtoon of all-color, vertical scroll format

398
00:28:09,439 --> 00:28:11,764
and it is developing fiercely 

399
00:28:11,764 --> 00:28:16,280
It isn't simply the vertical scroll mobile phone environment

400
00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:18,564
that made this development

401
00:28:18,564 --> 00:28:24,064
It is because operators saw the industrial scale of Webtoons and the potential of it

402
00:28:24,064 --> 00:28:27,319
[Growth of Webtoon 1]
Introduction of the preview system


403
00:28:27,319 --> 00:28:30,064
As high profit contents with hundreds of millions of profit were created

404
00:28:30,439 --> 00:28:35,040
production environment with high investment and dense block buster

405
00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:38,364
level products 

406
00:28:38,364 --> 00:28:42,400
[Growth of Webtoon 2]
Webtoon platforms founding corporates abroad


407
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:46,164
They start expanding the Webtoon industry to abroad

408
00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:51,514
Naver successfully leads Webtoon industry in Japan

409
00:28:51,514 --> 00:28:57,764
using the messenger 'Line' that is settle abroad and providing 'Line Manga'

410
00:28:58,119 --> 00:29:02,664
Kakao also sits in the place of competition with Piccoma

411
00:29:02,664 --> 00:29:08,413
Naver Webtoon and Kakao Piccoma is expanding the fields of the Webtoon industry to

412
00:29:08,413 --> 00:29:14,263
North America and Europe as well, based on their success in Japan

413
00:29:14,263 --> 00:29:19,363
With the Webtoon industry thriving, agencies and production studios increased

414
00:29:19,363 --> 00:29:23,763
[Growth of Webtoon 3]
Changed the production scale as well with the studio format team production


415
00:29:23,763 --> 00:29:28,413
With novel comics based on Web novels gaining popularity 

416
00:29:28,413 --> 00:29:33,479
[Trends of Webtoons 1]
Genres with the main character returning in time, being possessed, or reincarnating 


417
00:29:33,479 --> 00:29:36,163
has also become a typical trend

418
00:29:36,163 --> 00:29:40,163
Trends that were in minor markets

419
00:29:40,163 --> 00:29:45,319
[Trends of Webtoons 2]
like BL, hetero, and age-restricted female-reader base genres


420
00:29:45,319 --> 00:29:49,713
also became a new trend and an important content of the Webtoon market 

421
00:29:49,713 --> 00:29:55,479
The Webtoon industry has grown quickly for more than the last 10 years

422
00:29:55,479 --> 00:29:57,363
drawing a upward sloping graph

423
00:29:57,363 --> 00:30:03,113
Studio team format production of Webtoon producers specialized the production parts

424
00:30:03,113 --> 00:30:06,800
each parts have become more expertized 

425
00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,313
and that much more labor is put in

426
00:30:09,313 --> 00:30:11,613
To maintain what is put in

427
00:30:11,613 --> 00:30:15,263
that much profit must be made and maintained

428
00:30:15,263 --> 00:30:21,063
Due to this, a genre bias is created where producers lean towards genres that do well

429
00:30:21,063 --> 00:30:25,439
Genre bias makes readers that want to see quality content of various fields

430
00:30:25,439 --> 00:30:28,513
quickly lose interest

431
00:30:28,513 --> 00:30:32,520
Genre bias is not a good news to 

432
00:30:32,520 --> 00:30:34,813
neither readers nor producers 

433
00:30:34,813 --> 00:30:41,613
Post-COVID, visitors of domestic Webtoon platforms are decreasing

434
00:30:41,613 --> 00:30:43,800
There will be complex reasons

435
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:49,010
but it might be a choice of readers that stem from the mass production of the genre biased

436
00:30:49,010 --> 00:30:51,213
Webtoons that are familiar to them

437
00:30:51,213 --> 00:30:53,419
It might be that the readers' trend is

438
00:30:53,419 --> 00:30:57,163
moving to a personal and intimate stories

439
00:30:57,163 --> 00:31:01,263
that were lacking before

440
00:31:01,263 --> 00:31:07,113
Genre bias is a early stage process that every genre goes through when it becomes a trend

441
00:31:07,463 --> 00:31:13,913
After that process, it settles as a genre group and makes a new area

442
00:31:13,913 --> 00:31:18,760
Eventually, there will be more genres in the market

443
00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,713
and become a part in the genre diversity

444
00:31:21,713 --> 00:31:24,663
Trend always changes

445
00:31:24,663 --> 00:31:28,863
Returning, possession, reincarnation has become a typical novel comics and was mass produced

446
00:31:28,863 --> 00:31:30,800
turning into a stereotype

447
00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,963
but readers are again waiting for something new

448
00:31:34,963 --> 00:31:38,812
Typicalness is a pattern of popularity


449
00:31:38,812 --> 00:31:43,612
It needs to be studied before it is thrown out

450
00:31:43,612 --> 00:31:47,712
It can only be avoided or modified when studied

451
00:31:47,712 --> 00:31:50,199
[Trend comes back in certain cycles]
The fact that trend comes back


452
00:31:50,199 --> 00:31:53,912
is that there is a generational rotating cycle of typicalness

453
00:31:53,912 --> 00:31:58,610
and won't that mean that there aren't much typicalness then? 

454
00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:03,762
We need to renew the typical to fit the generation

455
00:32:03,762 --> 00:32:08,312
In people, the horizontal instinct exists

456
00:32:08,312 --> 00:32:13,712
Cartoons on Instagram or advertisement cartoon in card formats

457
00:32:13,712 --> 00:32:15,912
swipe the cuts horizontally

458
00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:18,800
Cut toons also exist in similar format

459
00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:24,512
But they still aren't in page format


460
00:32:24,512 --> 00:32:32,662
Japan and North America where page format cartoon market is largely present

461
00:32:33,160 --> 00:32:36,280
Readers who feel fatigue with fancy colors

462
00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:38,160
also seek black and white cartoons

463
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:42,599
Indie cartoon pieces independent from capital

464
00:32:42,599 --> 00:32:45,959
also are still created and published as small but lovely 

465
00:32:45,959 --> 00:32:48,462
media to cartoon kids

466
00:32:49,079 --> 00:32:51,479
The cartoonist Keykney 

467
00:32:51,479 --> 00:32:56,359
who has lead his own cartoon world communicating with the readers through Instagram

468
00:32:56,359 --> 00:33:00,262
has made a succeed that is different from Webtoon

469
00:33:00,262 --> 00:33:03,712
The speed of AI technology developing is scary

470
00:33:03,712 --> 00:33:09,912
Full-color high quality cartoon, Webtoon production is already possible with AI

471
00:33:09,912 --> 00:33:16,462
We need to predict and prepare for what flow the AI will bring to the Webtoon industry 

472
00:33:16,462 --> 00:33:21,199
No matter what choice is made, cartoonists must find

473
00:33:21,199 --> 00:33:25,112
something of their own that will lead the readers' compassion and develop it 

474
00:33:25,112 --> 00:33:29,520
The fact that active choices of readers 

475
00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:31,812
lengthens the lives of the pieces that they like

476
00:33:31,812 --> 00:33:36,012
and create new ones does not change

477
00:33:36,012 --> 00:33:39,680
Cartoonists are readers before being a cartoonist

478
00:33:39,680 --> 00:33:41,762
They need to be active readers

479
00:33:42,160 --> 00:33:46,062
It is because all cartoons, Webtoons eventually head to the readers

480
00:33:46,062 --> 00:33:49,800
and it is a public art media that shines 

481
00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:54,290
with the choice of the readers, thank you


482
00:33:55,312 --> 00:33:56,012
□ What is Webtoon?
- Cartoons in vertical scrolling format suited for mobile phone environments 


483
00:33:56,012 --> 00:33:56,712
□ What is cartoon?
- The original form of Webtoon is now


484
00:33:56,712 --> 00:33:57,512
□ Evolution of Webtoon
- The Korean cartoon industry faces challenges in the late 1990s

485
00:33:57,512 --> 00:33:58,312
- November 2009, cartoons started to optimize for mobile phone viewer size when mobile phone-centered app market grows

486
00:33:58,312 --> 00:33:59,212
- 2024 now, with the adoption of the preview system, hundred millions profit content appeared 


487
00:33:59,212 --> 00:34:00,062
- With the Webtoon industry thriving, agencies and production studios increased, changing the production scale with the studio format team production


488
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□ Webtoon production process
1. Discovering and planning the topic
2. Planning the plot and characters

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3. Total synopsis following the unfolding of events
4. Planning and relocating the plot from character-focused to event-focused

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5. Writing a written storyboard for each episode with the calculation of cuts aimed to image the plot 
6. Making the image storyboard


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7. Sketching 8. Lining
9. Coloring and final touches 10. Final editing


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□ Formal characteristics of page cartoons 
- The direction of the gaze
- Sizes of cuts
- Connection of cuts
- Function of spaces

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□ Formal characteristics of scroll cartoons
- Enlarged letters
- Cut shapes that fit the vertical length of phone screens


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- Composition that is easy to view on small screens
- Strong and effective light expression